Release 0.9.0

Fixes #21

.flake8

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[flake8]
+select = C,E,F,W,B,B950
+per-file-ignores = ./*/__init__.py:F401

.gitattributes

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+tests/files/* binary

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+github: miguelgrinberg
+patreon: miguelgrinberg
+custom: https://paypal.me/miguelgrinberg

.github/workflows/tests.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+name: build
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - main
+jobs:
+  lint:
+    name: lint
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+      - run: python -m pip install --upgrade pip wheel
+      - run: pip install tox tox-gh-actions
+      - run: tox -eflake8
+  tests:
+    name: tests
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest]
+        python: ['3.6', '3.7', '3.8', '3.9', '3.10']
+      fail-fast: false
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python }}
+      - run: python -m pip install --upgrade pip wheel
+      - run: pip install tox tox-gh-actions
+      - run: tox
+  tests-micropython:
+    name: tests-micropython
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+      - run: python -m pip install --upgrade pip wheel
+      - run: pip install tox tox-gh-actions
+      - run: tox -eupy
+  coverage:
+    name: coverage
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+      - run: python -m pip install --upgrade pip wheel
+      - run: pip install tox tox-gh-actions codecov
+      - run: tox
+      - run: codecov

CHANGES.md

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+# Microdot change log
+
+**Release 0.9.0** - 2022-06-04
+
+- Streaming responses [#44](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/issues/44) ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/d71665fd388c92a50198faf0d761235f0138797a))
+- Return 204 when view function returns None ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/71009b49781ce356155df661a66dc98170f35d63))
+- ASGI support ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/7e8ecb199717dd90c6cb374cb0d24b54dd6ea33e))
+- WSGI support ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/1ae51ccdf75991a2958b06f7a3439d64f92f1b69))
+- Documentation updates ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/bcbad516751f1ea9928f4a6d0e8843a4334b885a))
+- Add Python 3.10 to build ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/5b5eb907d83d94dde544b266e6659071e4d47ee1))
+- Run linter on examples ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/c18ccccb8e0744d8670433aeeba068c5654f32df))
+
+**Release 0.8.2** - 2022-04-20
+
+- Remove debugging print statement [#38](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/issues/38) ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/0f278321c8bd65c5cb67425eb837e6581cbb0054)) (thanks **Mark Blakeney**!)
+
+**Release 0.8.1** - 2022-03-18
+
+- Optimizations for request streams and bodies ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/29a9f6f46c737aa0fd452766c23bd83008594ac4))
+
+**Release 0.8.0** - 2022-02-18
+
+- Support streamed request payloads [#26](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/issues/26) ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/992fa722c1312c0ac0ee9fbd5e23ad7b52d3caca))
+- Use case insensitive comparisons for HTTP headers [#33](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/issues/33) ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/e16fb94b2d1e88ef681d70f7f456c37ee9859df6)) (thanks **Steve Li**!)
+- More robust logic to read request body [#31](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/issues/31) ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/bd82c4deabf40d37e6b7397b08e8eb40ba2b6a42))
+- Simplified `hello_async.py` example ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/c130d8f2d45dcce9606dda25d31d653ce91faf92))
+
+**Release 0.7.2** - 2021-09-28
+
+- Document a security risk in the send_file function ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/d29ed6aaa1f2080fcf471bf6ae0f480f95ff1716)) (thanks **Ky Tran**!)
+- Validate redirect URLs ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/8e5fb92ff1ccd50972b0c1cb5a6c3bd5eb54d86b)) (thanks **Ky Tran**!)
+- Return a 400 error when request object could not be created ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/06015934b834622d39f52b3e13d16bfee9dc8e5a))
+
+**Release 0.7.1** - 2021-09-27
+
+- Breaking change: Limit the size of each request line to 2KB. A different maximum can be set in `Request.max_readline`. ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/de9c991a9ab836d57d5c08bf4282f99f073b502a)) (thanks **Ky Tran**!)
+
+**Release 0.7.0** - 2021-09-27
+
+- Breaking change: Limit the size of the request body to 16KB. A different maximum can be set in `Request.max_content_length`. ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/5003a5b3d948a7cf365857b419bebf6e388593a1))
+- Add documentation for `request.client_addr` [#27](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/issues/27) ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/833fecb105ce456b95f1d2a6ea96dceca1075814)) (thanks **Mark Blakeney**!)
+- Added documentation for reason argument in the Response object ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/d527bdb7c32ab918a1ecf6956cf3a9f544504354))
+
+**Release 0.6.0** - 2021-08-11
+
+- Better handling of content types in form and json methods [#24](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/issues/24) ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/da32f23e35f871470a40638e7000e84b0ff6d17f))
+- Accept a custom reason phrase for the HTTP response [#25](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/issues/25) ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/bd74bcab74f283c89aadffc8f9c20d6ff0f771ce))
+- Make mime type check for form submissions more robust ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/dd3fc20507715a23d0fa6fa3aae3715c8fbc0351))
+- Copy client headers to avoid write back [#23](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/issues/23) ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/0641466faa9dda0c54f78939ac05993c0812e84a)) (thanks **Mark Blakeney**!)
+- Work around a bug in uasyncio's create_server() function ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/46963ba4644d7abc8dc653c99bc76222af526964))
+- More unit tests ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/5cd3ace5166ec549579b0b1149ae3d7be195974a))
+- Installation instructions ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/1a8db51cb3754308da6dcc227512dcdeb4ce4557))
+- Run tests with pytest ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/8b4ebbd9535b3c083fb2a955284609acba07f05e))
+- Deprecated the microdot-asyncio package ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/a82ed55f56e14fbcea93e8171af86ab42657fa96))
+
+**Release 0.5.0** - 2021-06-06
+
+- [Documentation](https://microdot.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) site ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/12cd60305b7b48ab151da52661fc5988684dbcd8))
+- Support duplicate arguments in query string and form submissions [#21](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/issues/21) ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/b0c25a1a7298189373be5df1668e0afb5532cdaf))
+- Merge `microdot-asyncio` package with `microdot` ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/b7b881e3c7f1c6ede6546e498737e93928425c30))
+- Added a change log ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/9955ac99a6ac20308644f02d6e6e32847d28b70c))
+- Improve project structure ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/4b101d15971fa2883d187f0bab0be999ae30b583))
+
+**Release v0.4.0** - 2021-06-04
+
+- Add HTTP method-specific route decorators ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/a3288a63ed45f700f79b67d0b57fc4dd20e844c1))
+- Server shutdown [#19](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/issues/19) ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/0ad538df91f8b6b8a3885aa602c014ee7fe4526b))
+- Update microypthon binary for tests to 1.15 ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/3bd7fe8cea4598a7dbd0efcb9c6ce57ec2b79f9c))
+
+**Release v0.3.1** - 2021-02-06
+
+- Support large downloads in send_file [#3](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/issues/3) ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/3e29af57753dbb7961ff98719a4fc4f71c0b4e3e))
+- Move socket import and add simple hello example [#12](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/issues/12) ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/c5e1873523b609680ff67d7abfada72568272250)) (thanks **Damien George**!)
+- Update python versions to build ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/dfbe2edd797153fc9be40bc1928d93bdee7e7be5))
+- Handle Chrome preconnect [#8](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/issues/8) ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/125af4b4a92b1d78acfa9d57ad2f507e759b6938)) (thanks **Ricardo Mendonça Ferreira**!)
+- Readme update ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/1aacb3cf46bd0b634ec3bc852ff9439f3c5dd773))
+- Switch to GitHub actions for builds ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/4c0afa2beca0c3b0f167fd25c6849d6937c412ba))
+
+**Release v0.3.0** - 2019-05-05
+
+- g, before_request and after_request ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/8aa50f171d2d04bc15c472ab1d9b3288518f7a21))
+- Threaded mode ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/494800ff9ff474c38644979086057e3584573969))
+- Optional asyncio support ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/3d9b5d7084d52e749553ca79206ed7060f963f9d))
+- Debug mode ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/4c83cb75636572066958ef2cc0802909deafe542))
+- Print exceptions ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/491202de1fce232b9629b7f1db63594fd13f84a3))
+- Flake8 ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/92edc17522d7490544c7186d62a2964caf35c861))
+- Unit testing framework ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/f741ed7cf83320d25ce16a1a29796af6fdfb91e9))
+- More robust header checking in tests ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/03efe46a26e7074f960dd4c9a062c53d6f72bfa0))
+- Response unit tests ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/cd71986a5042dcc308617a3db89476f28dd13ecf))
+- Request unit tests ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/0b95feafc96dc91d7d34528ff2d8931a8aa3d612))
+- More unit tests ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/76ab1fa6d72dd9deaa24aeaf4895a0c6fc883bcb))
+- Async request and response unit tests ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/89f7f09b9a2d0dfccefabebbe9b83307133bd97c))
+- More asyncio unit tests ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/ba986a89ff72ebbd9a65307b81ee769879961594))
+- Improve code structure ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/b16466f1a9432a608eb23769907e8952fe304a9a))
+- URL pattern matching unit tests ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/0a373775d54df571ceddaac090094bb62dbe6c72))
+- Rename microdot_async to microdot_asyncio ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/e5525c5c485ae8901c9602da7e4582b58fb2da40))
+
+**Release 0.2.0** - 2019-04-19
+
+- Error handlers ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/0f2c749f6d1b9edbf124523160e10449c932ea45))
+- Fleshed out example GPIO application ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/52f2d0c4918d00d1a7e46cc7fd9a909ef6d259c1))
+- More robust parsing of cookie header ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/2f58c41cc89946d51646df83d4f9ae0e24e447b9))
+
+**Release 0.1.1** - 2019-04-17
+
+- Minor fixes for micropython ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/e4ff70cf8fe839f5b5297157bf028569188b9031))
+- Initial commit ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/311a82a44430d427948866b09cb6136e60a5b1c9))

README.md

@@ -1,2 +1,9 @@
 # microdot
+[![Build status](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/workflows/build/badge.svg)](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/actions) [![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/miguelgrinberg/microdot/branch/main/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/miguelgrinberg/microdot)
+
 A minimalistic Python web framework for microcontrollers inspired by Flask
+
+## Resources
+
+- [Documentation](https://microdot.readthedocs.io/en/latest/)
+- [Change Log](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/blob/main/CHANGES.md)

SECURITY.md

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Security Policy
+
+## Reporting a Vulnerability
+
+If you think you've found a vulnerability on this project, please send me (Miguel Grinberg) an email at miguel.grinberg@gmail.com with a description of the problem. I will personally review the issue and respond to you with next steps.
+
+If the issue is highly sensitive, you are welcome to encrypt your message. Here is my [PGP key](https://keyserver.ubuntu.com/pks/lookup?search=miguel.grinberg%40gmail.com&fingerprint=on&op=index).
+
+Please do not disclose vulnerabilities publicly before discussing how to proceed with me.

docs/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Minimal makefile for Sphinx documentation
+#
+
+# You can set these variables from the command line, and also
+# from the environment for the first two.
+SPHINXOPTS    ?=
+SPHINXBUILD   ?= sphinx-build
+SOURCEDIR     = .
+BUILDDIR      = _build
+
+# Put it first so that "make" without argument is like "make help".
+help:
+	@$(SPHINXBUILD) -M help "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS) $(O)
+
+.PHONY: help Makefile
+
+# Catch-all target: route all unknown targets to Sphinx using the new
+# "make mode" option.  $(O) is meant as a shortcut for $(SPHINXOPTS).
+%: Makefile
+	@$(SPHINXBUILD) -M $@ "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS) $(O)

docs/_static/css/custom.css

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+.py .class, .py .method, .py .property {
+  margin-top: 20px;
+}

docs/api.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+API Reference
+=============
+
+``microdot`` module
+-------------------
+
+The ``microdot`` module defines a few classes that help implement HTTP-based
+servers for MicroPython and standard Python, with multithreading support for
+Python interpreters that support it.
+
+``Microdot`` class
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. autoclass:: microdot.Microdot
+   :members:
+
+``Request`` class
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. autoclass:: microdot.Request
+   :members:
+
+``Response`` class
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. autoclass:: microdot.Response
+   :members:
+
+``MultiDict`` class
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. autoclass:: microdot.MultiDict
+   :members:
+
+``microdot_asyncio`` module
+---------------------------
+
+The ``microdot_asyncio`` module defines a few classes that help implement
+HTTP-based servers for MicroPython and standard Python that use ``asyncio``
+and coroutines.
+
+``Microdot`` class
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. autoclass:: microdot_asyncio.Microdot
+   :inherited-members:
+   :members:
+
+``Request`` class
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. autoclass:: microdot_asyncio.Request
+   :inherited-members:
+   :members:
+
+``Response`` class
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. autoclass:: microdot_asyncio.Response
+   :inherited-members:
+   :members:
+
+``microdot_wsgi`` module
+------------------------
+
+The ``microdot_wsgi`` module provides an extended ``Microdot`` class that
+implements the WSGI protocol and can be used with a complaint WSGI web server
+such as `Gunicorn <https://gunicorn.org/>`_ or
+`uWSGI <https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/>`_.
+
+``Microdot`` class
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. autoclass:: microdot_wsgi.Microdot
+   :members:
+   :exclude-members: shutdown, run
+
+``microdot_asgi`` module
+------------------------
+
+The ``microdot_asgi`` module provides an extended ``Microdot`` class that
+implements the ASGI protocol and can be used with a complaint ASGI server such
+as `Uvicorn <https://www.uvicorn.org/>`_.
+
+``Microdot`` class
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. autoclass:: microdot_asgi.Microdot
+   :members:
+   :exclude-members: shutdown, run

docs/conf.py

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# Configuration file for the Sphinx documentation builder.
+#
+# This file only contains a selection of the most common options. For a full
+# list see the documentation:
+# https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/configuration.html
+
+# -- Path setup --------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory,
+# add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
+# documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
+#
+import os
+import sys
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('../src'))
+
+
+# -- Project information -----------------------------------------------------
+
+project = 'Microdot'
+copyright = '2021, Miguel Grinberg'
+author = 'Miguel Grinberg'
+
+
+# -- General configuration ---------------------------------------------------
+
+# Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be
+# extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom
+# ones.
+extensions = [
+    'sphinx.ext.autodoc',
+]
+
+# Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
+templates_path = ['_templates']
+
+# List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
+# directories to ignore when looking for source files.
+# This pattern also affects html_static_path and html_extra_path.
+exclude_patterns = ['_build', 'Thumbs.db', '.DS_Store']
+
+
+# -- Options for HTML output -------------------------------------------------
+
+# The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages.  See the documentation for
+# a list of builtin themes.
+#
+html_theme = 'alabaster'
+
+# Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
+# relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
+# so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
+html_static_path = ['_static']
+
+html_css_files = [
+    'css/custom.css',
+]
+
+html_theme_options = {
+    'github_user': 'miguelgrinberg',
+    'github_repo': 'microdot',
+    'github_banner': True,
+    'github_button': True,
+    'github_type': 'star',
+    'fixed_sidebar': True,
+}
+
+autodoc_default_options = {
+    'member-order': 'bysource',
+}

docs/index.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+.. Microdot documentation master file, created by
+   sphinx-quickstart on Fri Jun  4 17:40:19 2021.
+   You can adapt this file completely to your liking, but it should at least
+   contain the root `toctree` directive.
+
+Microdot
+========
+
+Microdot is a minimalistic Python web framework inspired by
+`Flask <https://flask.palletsprojects.com/>`_, and designed to run on
+systems with limited resources such as microcontrollers. It runs on standard
+Python and on `MicroPython <https://micropython.org>`_.
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 3
+
+   intro
+   api
+
+* :ref:`genindex`
+* :ref:`search`

docs/intro.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+Installation
+------------
+
+Microdot can be installed with ``pip``::
+
+    pip install microdot
+
+For MicroPython, you can install with ``upip``.
+
+On platforms where ``pip`` or ``upip`` are not viable options, you can manually
+copy and install the ``microdot.py`` and ``microdot_asyncio.py`` source files
+from the `GitHub reposutory <https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot>`_
+into your project directory.
+
+Examples
+--------
+
+The following is an example of a standard single or multi-threaded web
+server::
+
+    from microdot import Microdot
+
+    app = Microdot()
+
+    @app.route('/')
+    def hello(request):
+        return 'Hello, world!'
+
+    app.run()
+
+Microdot also supports the asynchronous model and can be used under
+``asyncio``. The example that follows is equivalent to the one above, but uses
+coroutines for concurrency::
+
+    from microdot_asyncio import Microdot
+
+    app = Microdot()
+
+    @app.route('/')
+    async def hello(request):
+        return 'Hello, world!'
+
+    app.run()

docs/make.bat

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+@ECHO OFF
+
+pushd %~dp0
+
+REM Command file for Sphinx documentation
+
+if "%SPHINXBUILD%" == "" (
+	set SPHINXBUILD=sphinx-build
+)
+set SOURCEDIR=.
+set BUILDDIR=_build
+
+if "%1" == "" goto help
+
+%SPHINXBUILD% >NUL 2>NUL
+if errorlevel 9009 (
+	echo.
+	echo.The 'sphinx-build' command was not found. Make sure you have Sphinx
+	echo.installed, then set the SPHINXBUILD environment variable to point
+	echo.to the full path of the 'sphinx-build' executable. Alternatively you
+	echo.may add the Sphinx directory to PATH.
+	echo.
+	echo.If you don't have Sphinx installed, grab it from
+	echo.http://sphinx-doc.org/
+	exit /b 1
+)
+
+%SPHINXBUILD% -M %1 %SOURCEDIR% %BUILDDIR% %SPHINXOPTS% %O%
+goto end
+
+:help
+%SPHINXBUILD% -M help %SOURCEDIR% %BUILDDIR% %SPHINXOPTS% %O%
+
+:end
+popd

examples/gpio.html

@@ -2,14 +2,75 @@
 <html>
     <head>
         <title>Microdot GPIO Example</title>
+        <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-ggOyR0iXCbMQv3Xipma34MD+dH/1fQ784/j6cY/iJTQUOhcWr7x9JvoRxT2MZw1T" crossorigin="anonymous">
+        <script>
+            function getCookie(name) {
+                var value = "; " + document.cookie;
+                var parts = value.split("; " + name + "=");
+                if (parts.length == 2)
+                    return parts.pop().split(";").shift();
+            }
+            function showMessage() {
+                document.getElementById('message').innerHTML = getCookie('message');
+            }
+            function onLoad() {
+                showMessage();
+                var form = getCookie('form');
+                if (form) {
+                    form = form.split(',')
+                    document.getElementById('pin').selectedIndex = parseInt(form[0]);
+                    document.getElementById(form[1]).checked = true;
+                }
+            }
+        </script>
     </head>
-    <body>
+    <body onload="onLoad();">
+        <div class="container">
             <h1>Microdot GPIO Example</h1>
+            <div class="alert alert-primary" role="alert" id="message">
+            </div>
             <form method="POST" action="">
-            <p>GPIO Pin: <input type="text" name="pin" size="3"></p>
-            <input type="submit" name="read" value="Read">
-            <input type="submit" name="set-low" value="Set Low">
-            <input type="submit" name="set-high" value="Set high">
+                <p>
+                    GPIO Pin:
+                    <select name="pin" id="pin">
+                        <option>0</option>
+                        <option>1</option>
+                        <option>2</option>
+                        <option>3</option>
+                        <option>4</option>
+                        <option>5</option>
+                        <option>6</option>
+                        <option>7</option>
+                        <option>8</option>
+                        <option>9</option>
+                        <option>10</option>
+                        <option>11</option>
+                        <option>12</option>
+                        <option>13</option>
+                        <option>14</option>
+                        <option>15</option>
+                        <option>16</option>
+                    </select>
+                </p>
+                <div>
+                    <p>
+                        <input type="radio" name="pull" value="pullup" id="pullup">
+                        <label for="pullup">Pull-Up</label>&nbsp;&nbsp;
+                        <input type="radio" name="pull" value="pulldown" id="pulldown">
+                        <label for="pulldown">Pull-Down</label>&nbsp;&nbsp;
+                        <input type="radio" name="pull" value="pullnone" id="pullnone" checked>
+                        <label for="pullnone">None</label>
+                        <br>
+                        <input type="submit" class="btn btn-outline-dark" name="read" value="Read">
+                    </p>
+                </div>
+                <div>
+                    <p>
+                        <input type="submit" class="btn btn-outline-dark" name="set-low" value="Set Low">
+                        <input type="submit" class="btn btn-outline-dark" name="set-high" value="Set high">
+                    </p>
+                </div>
             </form>
+        </div>
     </body>
 </html>

examples/gpio.py

@@ -6,14 +6,38 @@ app = Microdot()
 
 @app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
 def index(request):
+    form_cookie = None
+    message_cookie = None
     if request.method == 'POST':
-        if 'set-read' in request.form:
-            pin = machine.Pin(int(request.form['pin']), machine.Pin.IN)
+        form_cookie = '{pin},{pull}'.format(pin=request.form['pin'],
+                                            pull=request.form['pull'])
+        if 'read' in request.form:
+            pull = None
+            if request.form['pull'] == 'pullup':
+                pull = machine.Pin.PULL_UP
+            elif request.form['pull'] == 'pulldown':
+                pull = machine.Pin.PULL_DOWN
+            pin = machine.Pin(int(request.form['pin']), machine.Pin.IN, pull)
+            message_cookie = 'Input pin {pin} is {state}.'.format(
+                pin=request.form['pin'],
+                state='high' if pin.value() else 'low')
         else:
             pin = machine.Pin(int(request.form['pin']), machine.Pin.OUT)
-            pin.value(0 if 'set-low' in request.form else 1)
-        return redirect('/')
-    return send_file('gpio.html')
+            value = 0 if 'set-low' in request.form else 1
+            pin.value(value)
+            message_cookie = 'Output pin {pin} is now {state}.'.format(
+                pin=request.form['pin'],
+                state='high' if value else 'low')
+        response = redirect('/')
+    else:
+        if 'message' not in request.cookies:
+            message_cookie = 'Select a pin and an operation below.'
+        response = send_file('gpio.html')
+    if form_cookie:
+        response.set_cookie('form', form_cookie)
+    if message_cookie:
+        response.set_cookie('message', message_cookie)
+    return response
 
 
-app.run()
+app.run(debug=True)

examples/hello.py

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+from microdot import Microdot
+
+app = Microdot()
+
+htmldoc = '''<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+    <head>
+        <title>Microdot Example Page</title>
+    </head>
+    <body>
+        <div>
+            <h1>Microdot Example Page</h1>
+            <p>Hello from Microdot!</p>
+            <p><a href="/shutdown">Click to shutdown the server</a></p>
+        </div>
+    </body>
+</html>
+'''
+
+
+@app.route('/')
+def hello(request):
+    return htmldoc, 200, {'Content-Type': 'text/html'}
+
+
+@app.route('/shutdown')
+def shutdown(request):
+    request.app.shutdown()
+    return 'The server is shutting down...'
+
+
+app.run(debug=True)

examples/hello_asgi.py

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+from microdot_asgi import Microdot
+
+app = Microdot()
+
+htmldoc = '''<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+    <head>
+        <title>Microdot Example Page</title>
+    </head>
+    <body>
+        <div>
+            <h1>Microdot Example Page</h1>
+            <p>Hello from Microdot!</p>
+            <p><a href="/shutdown">Click to shutdown the server</a></p>
+        </div>
+    </body>
+</html>
+'''
+
+
+@app.route('/')
+async def hello(request):
+    return htmldoc, 200, {'Content-Type': 'text/html'}
+
+
+@app.route('/shutdown')
+async def shutdown(request):
+    request.app.shutdown()
+    return 'The server is shutting down...'
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    print('''Use an ASGI web server to run this applicaton.
+Example:
+    uvicorn hello_asgi:app
+''')

examples/hello_async.py

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+from microdot_asyncio import Microdot
+
+app = Microdot()
+
+htmldoc = '''<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+    <head>
+        <title>Microdot Example Page</title>
+    </head>
+    <body>
+        <div>
+            <h1>Microdot Example Page</h1>
+            <p>Hello from Microdot!</p>
+            <p><a href="/shutdown">Click to shutdown the server</a></p>
+        </div>
+    </body>
+</html>
+'''
+
+
+@app.route('/')
+async def hello(request):
+    return htmldoc, 200, {'Content-Type': 'text/html'}
+
+
+@app.route('/shutdown')
+async def shutdown(request):
+    request.app.shutdown()
+    return 'The server is shutting down...'
+
+
+app.run(debug=True)

examples/hello_wsgi.py

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+from microdot_wsgi import Microdot
+
+app = Microdot()
+
+htmldoc = '''<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+    <head>
+        <title>Microdot Example Page</title>
+    </head>
+    <body>
+        <div>
+            <h1>Microdot Example Page</h1>
+            <p>Hello from Microdot!</p>
+            <p><a href="/shutdown">Click to shutdown the server</a></p>
+        </div>
+    </body>
+</html>
+'''
+
+
+@app.route('/')
+def hello(request):
+    return htmldoc, 200, {'Content-Type': 'text/html'}
+
+
+@app.route('/shutdown')
+def shutdown(request):
+    request.app.shutdown()
+    return 'The server is shutting down...'
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    print('''Use a WSGI web server to run this applicaton.
+Example:
+    gunicorn hello_wsgi:app
+''')

examples/video_stream.py

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+try:
+    import utime as time
+except ImportError:
+    import time
+
+from microdot import Microdot
+
+app = Microdot()
+
+frames = []
+for file in ['1.jpg', '2.jpg', '3.jpg']:
+    with open(file, 'rb') as f:
+        frames.append(f.read())
+
+
+@app.route('/')
+def index(request):
+    return '''<!doctype html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>Microdot Video Streaming</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h1>Microdot Video Streaming</h1>
+    <img src="/video_feed">
+  </body>
+</html>''', 200, {'Content-Type': 'text/html'}
+
+
+@app.route('/video_feed')
+def video_feed(request):
+    def stream():
+        yield b'--frame\r\n'
+        while True:
+            for frame in frames:
+                yield b'Content-Type: image/jpeg\r\n\r\n' + frame + \
+                    b'\r\n--frame\r\n'
+                time.sleep(1)
+
+    return stream(), 200, {'Content-Type':
+                           'multipart/x-mixed-replace; boundary=frame'}
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    app.run(debug=True)

examples/video_stream_async.py

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+import sys
+
+try:
+    import uasyncio as asyncio
+except ImportError:
+    import asyncio
+
+from microdot_asyncio import Microdot
+
+app = Microdot()
+
+frames = []
+for file in ['1.jpg', '2.jpg', '3.jpg']:
+    with open(file, 'rb') as f:
+        frames.append(f.read())
+
+
+@app.route('/')
+def index(request):
+    return '''<!doctype html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>Microdot Video Streaming</title>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <h1>Microdot Video Streaming</h1>
+    <img src="/video_feed">
+  </body>
+</html>''', 200, {'Content-Type': 'text/html'}
+
+
+@app.route('/video_feed')
+async def video_feed(request):
+    if sys.implementation.name != 'micropython':
+        # CPython supports yielding async generators
+        async def stream():
+            yield b'--frame\r\n'
+            while True:
+                for frame in frames:
+                    yield b'Content-Type: image/jpeg\r\n\r\n' + frame + \
+                        b'\r\n--frame\r\n'
+                    await asyncio.sleep(1)
+
+    else:
+        # MicroPython can only use class-based async generators
+        class stream():
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.i = 0
+
+            def __aiter__(self):
+                return self
+
+            async def __anext__(self):
+                await asyncio.sleep(1)
+                self.i = (self.i + 1) % len(frames)
+                return b'Content-Type: image/jpeg\r\n\r\n' + \
+                    frames[self.i] + b'\r\n--frame\r\n'
+
+    return stream(), 200, {'Content-Type':
+                           'multipart/x-mixed-replace; boundary=frame'}
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    app.run(debug=True)

legacy/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+microdot-asyncio
+================
+
+This package has been merged with the ``microdot`` package. It currently
+installs as an empty package that depends on it.

legacy/pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[build-system]
+requires = [
+    "setuptools>=42",
+    "wheel"
+]
+build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"

legacy/setup.cfg

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+[metadata]
+name = microdot-asyncio
+version = 0.5.0
+author = Miguel Grinberg
+author_email = miguel.grinberg@gmail.com
+description = AsyncIO support for the Microdot web framework'
+long_description = file: README.md
+long_description_content_type = text/markdown
+url = https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot
+project_urls =
+    Bug Tracker = https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/issues
+classifiers =
+    Environment :: Web Environment
+    Intended Audience :: Developers
+    Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+    Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: MicroPython
+    License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+    Operating System :: OS Independent
+[options]
+zip_safe = False
+include_package_data = True
+py_modules =
+install_requires =
+    microdot

legacy/setup.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import setuptools
+
+setuptools.setup()

microdot.py

@@ -1,285 +0,0 @@
-try:
-    import ujson as json
-except ImportError:
-    import json
-try:
-    import ure as re
-except ImportError:
-    import re
-try:
-    import usocket as socket
-except ImportError:
-    import socket
-
-
-def urldecode(string):
-    string = string.replace('+', ' ')
-    parts = string.split('%')
-    if len(parts) == 1:
-        return string
-    result = [parts[0]]
-    for item in parts[1:]:
-        if item == '':
-            result.append('%')
-        else:
-            code = item[:2]
-            result.append(chr(int(code, 16)))
-            result.append(item[2:])
-    return ''.join(result)
-
-
-class Request():
-    def __init__(self, client_sock, client_addr):
-        self.client_sock = client_sock
-        self.client_addr = client_addr
-
-        if not hasattr(client_sock, 'readline'):
-            self.client_stream = client_sock.makefile("rwb")
-        else:
-            self.client_stream = client_sock
-
-        # request line
-        line = self.client_stream.readline().strip().decode('utf-8')
-        self.method, self.path, self.http_version = line.split()
-        if '?' in self.path:
-            self.path, self.query_string = self.path.split('?', 1)
-        else:
-            self.query_string = None
-
-        # headers
-        self.headers = {}
-        self.cookies = {}
-        self.content_length = 0
-        while True:
-            line = self.client_stream.readline().strip().decode('utf-8')
-            if line == '':
-                break
-            header, value = line.split(':', 1)
-            value = value.strip()
-            self.headers[header] = value
-            if header == 'Content-Length':
-                self.content_length = int(value)
-            elif header == 'Content-Type':
-                self.content_type = value
-            elif header == 'Cookie':
-                for cookie in self.headers['Cookie'].split(';'):
-                    name, value = cookie.split('=', 1)
-                    self.cookies[name] = value
-
-        # body
-        self.body = self.client_stream.read(self.content_length)
-        self._json = None
-        self._form = None
-
-    @property
-    def json(self):
-        if self.content_type != 'application/json':
-            return None
-        if self._json is None:
-            self._json = json.loads(self.body)
-        return self._json
-
-    @property
-    def form(self):
-        if self.content_type != 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded':
-            return None
-        if self._form is None:
-            self._form = {urldecode(key): urldecode(value) for key, value in
-                          [pair.split('=', 1) for pair in self.body.decode().split('&')]}
-        return self._form
-
-    def close(self):
-        self.client_stream.close()
-        if self.client_stream != self.client_sock:
-            self.client_sock.close()
-
-
-class Response():
-    types_map = {
-        'css': 'text/css',
-        'gif': 'image/gif',
-        'html': 'text/html',
-        'jpg': 'image/jpeg',
-        'js': 'application/javascript',
-        'json': 'application/json',
-        'png': 'image/png',
-        'txt': 'text/plain',
-    }
-
-    def __init__(self, body='', status_code=200, headers=None):
-        self.status_code = status_code
-        self.headers = headers or {}
-        self.cookies = []
-        if isinstance(body, (dict, list)):
-            self.body = json.dumps(body).encode()
-            self.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'
-        elif isinstance(body, str):
-            self.body = body.encode()
-        elif isinstance(body, bytes):
-            self.body = body
-        else:
-            self.body = str(body).encode()
-
-    def set_cookie(self, cookie, value, path=None, domain=None, expires=None,
-                   max_age=None, secure=False, http_only=False):
-        http_cookie = '{cookie}={value}'.format(cookie=cookie, value=value)
-        if path:
-            http_cookie += '; Path=' + path
-        if domain:
-            http_cookie += '; Domain=' + domain
-        if expires:
-            http_cookie += '; Expires=' + expires.strftime(
-                "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT")
-        if max_age:
-            http_cookie += '; Max-Age=' + str(max_age)
-        if secure:
-            http_cookie += '; Secure'
-        if http_only:
-            http_cookie += '; httpOnly'
-        if 'Set-Cookie' in self.headers:
-            self.headers['Set-Cookie'].append(http_cookie)
-        else:
-            self.headers['Set-Cookie'] = [http_cookie]
-
-    def write(self, client_stream):
-        # status code
-        client_stream.write('HTTP/1.0 {status_code} {reason}\r\n'.format(
-            status_code=self.status_code,
-            reason='OK' if self.status_code == 200 else 'N/A').encode())
-
-        # headers
-        content_length_found = False
-        content_type_found = False
-        for header, value in self.headers.items():
-            values = value if isinstance(value, list) else [value]
-            for value in values:
-                client_stream.write('{header}: {value}\r\n'.format(
-                    header=header, value=value).encode())
-            if header == 'Content-Length':
-                content_length_found = True
-            elif header == 'Content-Type':
-                content_type_found = True
-        if not content_length_found:
-            client_stream.write('Content-Length: {length}\r\n'.format(
-                length=len(self.body)).encode())
-        if not content_type_found:
-            client_stream.write(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n')
-        client_stream.write(b'\r\n')
-
-        # body
-        if self.body:
-            client_stream.write(self.body)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def redirect(location, status_code=302):
-        return Response(status_code=status_code,
-                        headers={'Location': location})
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def send_file(filename, status_code=200, content_type=None):
-        if content_type is None:
-            ext = filename.split('.')[-1]
-            if ext in Response.types_map:
-                content_type = Response.types_map[ext]
-            else:
-                content_type = 'application/octet-stream'
-        with open(filename) as f:
-            return Response(body=f.read(), status_code=status_code,
-                            headers={'Content-Type': content_type})
-
-
-class URLPattern():
-    def __init__(self, url_pattern):
-        self.pattern = ''
-        self.args = []
-        use_regex = False
-        for segment in url_pattern.lstrip('/').split('/'):
-            if segment and segment[0] == '<':
-                if segment[-1] != '>':
-                    raise ValueError('invalid URL pattern')
-                segment = segment[1:-1]
-                if ':' in segment:
-                    type_, name = segment.split(':', 1)
-                else:
-                    type_ = 'string'
-                    name = segment
-                if type_ == 'string':
-                    pattern = '[^/]*'
-                elif type_ == 'int':
-                    pattern = '\\d+'
-                elif type_ == 'path':
-                    pattern = '.*'
-                elif type_.startswith('regex'):
-                    pattern = eval(type_[5:])
-                else:
-                    raise ValueError('invalid URL segment type')
-                use_regex = True
-                self.pattern += '/({pattern})'.format(pattern=pattern)
-                self.args.append({'type': type_, 'name': name})
-            else:
-                self.pattern += '/{segment}'.format(segment=segment)
-        if use_regex:
-            self.pattern = re.compile(self.pattern)
-
-    def match(self, path):
-        if isinstance(self.pattern, str):
-            if path != self.pattern:
-                return
-            return {}
-        g = self.pattern.match(path)
-        if not g:
-            return
-        args = {}
-        i = 1
-        for arg in self.args:
-            value = g.group(i)
-            if arg['type'] == 'int':
-                value = int(value)
-            args[arg['name']] = value
-            i += 1
-        return args
-
-
-class Microdot():
-    def __init__(self) :
-        self.url_map = []
-
-    def route(self, url_pattern, methods=None):
-        def decorated(f):
-            self.url_map.append(
-                (methods or ['GET'], URLPattern(url_pattern), f))
-            return f
-        return decorated
-
-    def run(self, host='0.0.0.0', port=5000):
-        s = socket.socket()
-        ai = socket.getaddrinfo(host, port)
-        addr = ai[0][-1]
-
-        print('Listening on {host}:{port}...'.format(host=host, port=port))
-        s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
-        s.bind(addr)
-        s.listen(5)
-
-        while True:
-            req = Request(*s.accept())
-            f = None
-            args = None
-            for route_methods, route_pattern, route_handler in self.url_map:
-                if req.method in route_methods:
-                    args = route_pattern.match(req.path)
-                    if args is not None:
-                        f = route_handler
-                        break
-            if f:
-                resp = f(req, **args)
-                if isinstance(resp, tuple):
-                    resp = Response(*resp)
-                elif not isinstance(resp, Response):
-                    resp = Response(resp)
-                resp.write(req.client_stream)
-                req.close()
-
-
-redirect = Response.redirect
-send_file = Response.send_file

pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[build-system]
+requires = [
+    "setuptools>=42",
+    "wheel"
+]
+build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"

run_tests.py

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import sys
+
+sys.path.insert(0, 'src')
+sys.path.insert(2, 'tests/libs')
+
+import unittest
+
+unittest.main('tests')

setup.cfg

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+[metadata]
+name = microdot
+version = 0.9.0
+author = Miguel Grinberg
+author_email = miguel.grinberg@gmail.com
+description = The impossibly small web framework for MicroPython
+long_description = file: README.md
+long_description_content_type = text/markdown
+url = https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot
+project_urls =
+    Bug Tracker = https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/issues
+classifiers =
+    Environment :: Web Environment
+    Intended Audience :: Developers
+    Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+    Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: MicroPython
+    License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+    Operating System :: OS Independent
+
+[options]
+zip_safe = False
+include_package_data = True
+package_dir =
+    = src
+py_modules =
+    microdot
+    microdot_asyncio
+    microdot_wsgi

setup.py

@@ -1,36 +1,3 @@
-"""
-Microdot
---------
+import setuptools
 
-Impossibly small web framework for MicroPython.
-"""
-from setuptools import setup
-
-setup(
-    name='microdot',
-    version='0.1.1',
-    url='http://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/',
-    license='MIT',
-    author='Miguel Grinberg',
-    author_email='miguel.grinberg@gmail.com',
-    description='Impossibly small web framework for MicroPython',
-    long_description=__doc__,
-    py_modules=['microdot'],
-    zip_safe=False,
-    include_package_data=True,
-    platforms='any',
-    tests_require=[
-        'coverage'
-    ],
-    classifiers=[
-        'Environment :: Web Environment',
-        'Intended Audience :: Developers',
-        'License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License',
-        'Operating System :: OS Independent',
-        'Programming Language :: Python',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: MicroPython',
-        'Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content',
-        'Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules'
-    ]
-)
+setuptools.setup()

src/microdot.py

@@ -0,0 +1,933 @@
+"""
+microdot
+--------
+
+The ``microdot`` module defines a few classes that help implement HTTP-based
+servers for MicroPython and standard Python, with multithreading support for
+Python interpreters that support it.
+"""
+try:
+    from sys import print_exception
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    import traceback
+
+    def print_exception(exc):
+        traceback.print_exc()
+try:
+    import uerrno as errno
+except ImportError:
+    import errno
+
+concurrency_mode = 'threaded'
+
+try:  # pragma: no cover
+    import threading
+
+    def create_thread(f, *args, **kwargs):
+        # use the threading module
+        threading.Thread(target=f, args=args, kwargs=kwargs).start()
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    try:
+        import _thread
+
+        def create_thread(f, *args, **kwargs):
+            # use MicroPython's _thread module
+            def run():
+                f(*args, **kwargs)
+
+            _thread.start_new_thread(run, ())
+    except ImportError:
+        def create_thread(f, *args, **kwargs):
+            # no threads available, call function synchronously
+            f(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        concurrency_mode = 'sync'
+try:
+    import ujson as json
+except ImportError:
+    import json
+
+try:
+    import ure as re
+except ImportError:
+    import re
+
+try:
+    import usocket as socket
+except ImportError:
+    try:
+        import socket
+    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+        socket = None
+
+
+def urldecode(string):
+    string = string.replace('+', ' ')
+    parts = string.split('%')
+    if len(parts) == 1:
+        return string
+    result = [parts[0]]
+    for item in parts[1:]:
+        if item == '':
+            result.append('%')
+        else:
+            code = item[:2]
+            result.append(chr(int(code, 16)))
+            result.append(item[2:])
+    return ''.join(result)
+
+
+class MultiDict(dict):
+    """A subclass of dictionary that can hold multiple values for the same
+    key. It is used to hold key/value pairs decoded from query strings and
+    form submissions.
+
+    :param initial_dict: an initial dictionary of key/value pairs to
+                         initialize this object with.
+
+    Example::
+
+        >>> d = MultiDict()
+        >>> d['sort'] = 'name'
+        >>> d['sort'] = 'email'
+        >>> print(d['sort'])
+        'name'
+        >>> print(d.getlist('sort'))
+        ['name', 'email']
+    """
+    def __init__(self, initial_dict=None):
+        super().__init__()
+        if initial_dict:
+            for key, value in initial_dict.items():
+                self[key] = value
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        if key not in self:
+            super().__setitem__(key, [])
+        super().__getitem__(key).append(value)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        return super().__getitem__(key)[0]
+
+    def get(self, key, default=None, type=None):
+        """Return the value for a given key.
+
+        :param key: The key to retrieve.
+        :param default: A default value to use if the key does not exist.
+        :param type: A type conversion callable to apply to the value.
+
+        If the multidict contains more than one value for the requested key,
+        this method returns the first value only.
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> d = MultiDict()
+            >>> d['age'] = '42'
+            >>> d.get('age')
+            '42'
+            >>> d.get('age', type=int)
+            42
+            >>> d.get('name', default='noname')
+            'noname'
+        """
+        if key not in self:
+            return default
+        value = self[key]
+        if type is not None:
+            value = type(value)
+        return value
+
+    def getlist(self, key, type=None):
+        """Return all the values for a given key.
+
+        :param key: The key to retrieve.
+        :param type: A type conversion callable to apply to the values.
+
+        If the requested key does not exist in the dictionary, this method
+        returns an empty list.
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> d = MultiDict()
+            >>> d.getlist('items')
+            []
+            >>> d['items'] = '3'
+            >>> d.getlist('items')
+            ['3']
+            >>> d['items'] = '56'
+            >>> d.getlist('items')
+            ['3', '56']
+            >>> d.getlist('items', type=int)
+            [3, 56]
+        """
+        if key not in self:
+            return []
+        values = super().__getitem__(key)
+        if type is not None:
+            values = [type(value) for value in values]
+        return values
+
+
+class Request():
+    """An HTTP request class.
+
+    :var app: The application instance to which this request belongs.
+    :var client_addr: The address of the client, as a tuple (host, port).
+    :var method: The HTTP method of the request.
+    :var path: The path portion of the URL.
+    :var query_string: The query string portion of the URL.
+    :var args: The parsed query string, as a :class:`MultiDict` object.
+    :var headers: A dictionary with the headers included in the request.
+    :var cookies: A dictionary with the cookies included in the request.
+    :var content_length: The parsed ``Content-Length`` header.
+    :var content_type: The parsed ``Content-Type`` header.
+    :var stream: The input stream, containing the request body.
+    :var body: The body of the request, as bytes.
+    :var json: The parsed JSON body, as a dictionary or list, or ``None`` if
+               the request does not have a JSON body.
+    :var form: The parsed form submission body, as a :class:`MultiDict` object,
+               or ``None`` if the request does not have a form submission.
+    :var g: A general purpose container for applications to store data during
+            the life of the request.
+    """
+    #: Specify the maximum payload size that is accepted. Requests with larger
+    #: payloads will be rejected with a 413 status code. Applications can
+    #: change this maximum as necessary.
+    #:
+    #: Example::
+    #:
+    #:    Request.max_content_length = 1 * 1024 * 1024  # 1MB requests allowed
+    max_content_length = 16 * 1024
+
+    #: Specify the maximum payload size that can be stored in ``body``.
+    #: Requests with payloads that are larger than this size and up to
+    #: ``max_content_length`` bytes will be accepted, but the application will
+    #: only be able to access the body of the request by reading from
+    #: ``stream``. Set to 0 if you always access the body as a stream.
+    #:
+    #: Example::
+    #:
+    #:    Request.max_body_length = 4 * 1024  # up to 4KB bodies read
+    max_body_length = 16 * 1024
+
+    #: Specify the maximum length allowed for a line in the request. Requests
+    #: with longer lines will not be correctly interpreted. Applications can
+    #: change this maximum as necessary.
+    #:
+    #: Example::
+    #:
+    #:    Request.max_readline = 16 * 1024  # 16KB lines allowed
+    max_readline = 2 * 1024
+
+    class G:
+        pass
+
+    def __init__(self, app, client_addr, method, url, http_version, headers,
+                 body=None, stream=None):
+        self.app = app
+        self.client_addr = client_addr
+        self.method = method
+        self.path = url
+        self.http_version = http_version
+        if '?' in self.path:
+            self.path, self.query_string = self.path.split('?', 1)
+            self.args = self._parse_urlencoded(self.query_string)
+        else:
+            self.query_string = None
+            self.args = {}
+        self.headers = headers
+        self.cookies = {}
+        self.content_length = 0
+        self.content_type = None
+        for header, value in self.headers.items():
+            header = header.lower()
+            if header == 'content-length':
+                self.content_length = int(value)
+            elif header == 'content-type':
+                self.content_type = value
+            elif header == 'cookie':
+                for cookie in value.split(';'):
+                    name, value = cookie.strip().split('=', 1)
+                    self.cookies[name] = value
+        self._body = body
+        self.body_used = False
+        self._stream = stream
+        self.stream_used = False
+        self._json = None
+        self._form = None
+        self.g = Request.G()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def create(app, client_stream, client_addr):
+        """Create a request object.
+
+        :param app: The Microdot application instance.
+        :param client_stream: An input stream from where the request data can
+                              be read.
+        :param client_addr: The address of the client, as a tuple.
+
+        This method returns a newly created ``Request`` object.
+        """
+        # request line
+        line = Request._safe_readline(client_stream).strip().decode()
+        if not line:
+            return None
+        method, url, http_version = line.split()
+        http_version = http_version.split('/', 1)[1]
+
+        # headers
+        headers = {}
+        while True:
+            line = Request._safe_readline(client_stream).strip().decode()
+            if line == '':
+                break
+            header, value = line.split(':', 1)
+            value = value.strip()
+            headers[header] = value
+
+        return Request(app, client_addr, method, url, http_version, headers,
+                       stream=client_stream)
+
+    def _parse_urlencoded(self, urlencoded):
+        data = MultiDict()
+        for k, v in [pair.split('=', 1) for pair in urlencoded.split('&')]:
+            data[urldecode(k)] = urldecode(v)
+        return data
+
+    @property
+    def body(self):
+        if self.stream_used:
+            raise RuntimeError('Cannot use both stream and body')
+        if self._body is None:
+            self._body = b''
+            if self.content_length and \
+                    self.content_length <= Request.max_body_length:
+                while len(self._body) < self.content_length:
+                    data = self._stream.read(
+                        self.content_length - len(self._body))
+                    if len(data) == 0:  # pragma: no cover
+                        raise EOFError()
+                    self._body += data
+                self.body_used = True
+        return self._body
+
+    @property
+    def stream(self):
+        if self.body_used:
+            raise RuntimeError('Cannot use both stream and body')
+        self.stream_used = True
+        return self._stream
+
+    @property
+    def json(self):
+        if self._json is None:
+            if self.content_type is None:
+                return None
+            mime_type = self.content_type.split(';')[0]
+            if mime_type != 'application/json':
+                return None
+            self._json = json.loads(self.body.decode())
+        return self._json
+
+    @property
+    def form(self):
+        if self._form is None:
+            if self.content_type is None:
+                return None
+            mime_type = self.content_type.split(';')[0]
+            if mime_type != 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded':
+                return None
+            self._form = self._parse_urlencoded(self.body.decode())
+        return self._form
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _safe_readline(stream):
+        line = stream.readline(Request.max_readline + 1)
+        if len(line) > Request.max_readline:
+            raise ValueError('line too long')
+        return line
+
+
+class Response():
+    """An HTTP response class.
+
+    :param body: The body of the response. If a dictionary or list is given,
+                 a JSON formatter is used to generate the body. If a file-like
+                 object or a generator is given, a streaming response is used.
+                 If a string is given, it is encoded from UTF-8. Else, the
+                 body should be a byte sequence.
+    :param status_code: The numeric HTTP status code of the response. The
+                        default is 200.
+    :param headers: A dictionary of headers to include in the response.
+    :param reason: A custom reason phrase to add after the status code. The
+                   default is "OK" for responses with a 200 status code and
+                   "N/A" for any other status codes.
+    """
+    types_map = {
+        'css': 'text/css',
+        'gif': 'image/gif',
+        'html': 'text/html',
+        'jpg': 'image/jpeg',
+        'js': 'application/javascript',
+        'json': 'application/json',
+        'png': 'image/png',
+        'txt': 'text/plain',
+    }
+    send_file_buffer_size = 1024
+
+    def __init__(self, body='', status_code=200, headers=None, reason=None):
+        if body is None and status_code == 200:
+            body = ''
+            status_code = 204
+        self.status_code = status_code
+        self.headers = headers.copy() if headers else {}
+        self.reason = reason
+        if isinstance(body, (dict, list)):
+            self.body = json.dumps(body).encode()
+            self.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'
+        elif isinstance(body, str):
+            self.body = body.encode()
+        else:
+            # this applies to bytes, file-like objects or generators
+            self.body = body
+
+    def set_cookie(self, cookie, value, path=None, domain=None, expires=None,
+                   max_age=None, secure=False, http_only=False):
+        """Add a cookie to the response.
+
+        :param cookie: The cookie's name.
+        :param value: The cookie's value.
+        :param path: The cookie's path.
+        :param domain: The cookie's domain.
+        :param expires: The cookie expiration time, as a ``datetime`` object.
+        :param max_age: The cookie's ``Max-Age`` value.
+        :param secure: The cookie's ``secure`` flag.
+        :param http_only: The cookie's ``HttpOnly`` flag.
+        """
+        http_cookie = '{cookie}={value}'.format(cookie=cookie, value=value)
+        if path:
+            http_cookie += '; Path=' + path
+        if domain:
+            http_cookie += '; Domain=' + domain
+        if expires:
+            http_cookie += '; Expires=' + expires.strftime(
+                "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT")
+        if max_age:
+            http_cookie += '; Max-Age=' + str(max_age)
+        if secure:
+            http_cookie += '; Secure'
+        if http_only:
+            http_cookie += '; HttpOnly'
+        if 'Set-Cookie' in self.headers:
+            self.headers['Set-Cookie'].append(http_cookie)
+        else:
+            self.headers['Set-Cookie'] = [http_cookie]
+
+    def complete(self):
+        if isinstance(self.body, bytes) and \
+                'Content-Length' not in self.headers:
+            self.headers['Content-Length'] = str(len(self.body))
+        if 'Content-Type' not in self.headers:
+            self.headers['Content-Type'] = 'text/plain'
+
+    def write(self, stream):
+        self.complete()
+
+        # status code
+        reason = self.reason if self.reason is not None else \
+            ('OK' if self.status_code == 200 else 'N/A')
+        stream.write('HTTP/1.0 {status_code} {reason}\r\n'.format(
+            status_code=self.status_code, reason=reason).encode())
+
+        # headers
+        for header, value in self.headers.items():
+            values = value if isinstance(value, list) else [value]
+            for value in values:
+                stream.write('{header}: {value}\r\n'.format(
+                    header=header, value=value).encode())
+        stream.write(b'\r\n')
+
+        # body
+        can_flush = hasattr(stream, 'flush')
+        try:
+            for body in self.body_iter():
+                if isinstance(body, str):
+                    body = body.encode()
+                stream.write(body)
+                if can_flush:  # pragma: no cover
+                    stream.flush()
+        except OSError as exc:  # pragma: no cover
+            if exc.errno == 32:  # errno.EPIPE
+                pass
+            else:
+                raise
+
+    def body_iter(self):
+        if self.body:
+            if hasattr(self.body, 'read'):
+                while True:
+                    buf = self.body.read(self.send_file_buffer_size)
+                    if len(buf):
+                        yield buf
+                    if len(buf) < self.send_file_buffer_size:
+                        break
+                if hasattr(self.body, 'close'):  # pragma: no cover
+                    self.body.close()
+            elif hasattr(self.body, '__next__'):
+                yield from self.body
+            else:
+                yield self.body
+
+    @classmethod
+    def redirect(cls, location, status_code=302):
+        """Return a redirect response.
+
+        :param location: The URL to redirect to.
+        :param status_code: The 3xx status code to use for the redirect. The
+                            default is 302.
+        """
+        if '\x0d' in location or '\x0a' in location:
+            raise ValueError('invalid redirect URL')
+        return cls(status_code=status_code, headers={'Location': location})
+
+    @classmethod
+    def send_file(cls, filename, status_code=200, content_type=None):
+        """Send file contents in a response.
+
+        :param filename: The filename of the file.
+        :param status_code: The 3xx status code to use for the redirect. The
+                            default is 302.
+        :param content_type: The ``Content-Type`` header to use in the
+                             response. If omitted, it is generated
+                             automatically from the file extension.
+
+        Security note: The filename is assumed to be trusted. Never pass
+        filenames provided by the user before validating and sanitizing them
+        first.
+        """
+        if content_type is None:
+            ext = filename.split('.')[-1]
+            if ext in Response.types_map:
+                content_type = Response.types_map[ext]
+            else:
+                content_type = 'application/octet-stream'
+        f = open(filename, 'rb')
+        return cls(body=f, status_code=status_code,
+                   headers={'Content-Type': content_type})
+
+
+class URLPattern():
+    def __init__(self, url_pattern):
+        self.pattern = ''
+        self.args = []
+        use_regex = False
+        for segment in url_pattern.lstrip('/').split('/'):
+            if segment and segment[0] == '<':
+                if segment[-1] != '>':
+                    raise ValueError('invalid URL pattern')
+                segment = segment[1:-1]
+                if ':' in segment:
+                    type_, name = segment.rsplit(':', 1)
+                else:
+                    type_ = 'string'
+                    name = segment
+                if type_ == 'string':
+                    pattern = '[^/]+'
+                elif type_ == 'int':
+                    pattern = '\\d+'
+                elif type_ == 'path':
+                    pattern = '.+'
+                elif type_.startswith('re:'):
+                    pattern = type_[3:]
+                else:
+                    raise ValueError('invalid URL segment type')
+                use_regex = True
+                self.pattern += '/({pattern})'.format(pattern=pattern)
+                self.args.append({'type': type_, 'name': name})
+            else:
+                self.pattern += '/{segment}'.format(segment=segment)
+        if use_regex:
+            self.pattern = re.compile('^' + self.pattern + '$')
+
+    def match(self, path):
+        if isinstance(self.pattern, str):
+            if path != self.pattern:
+                return
+            return {}
+        g = self.pattern.match(path)
+        if not g:
+            return
+        args = {}
+        i = 1
+        for arg in self.args:
+            value = g.group(i)
+            if arg['type'] == 'int':
+                value = int(value)
+            args[arg['name']] = value
+            i += 1
+        return args
+
+
+class Microdot():
+    """An HTTP application class.
+
+    This class implements an HTTP application instance and is heavily
+    influenced by the ``Flask`` class of the Flask framework. It is typically
+    declared near the start of the main application script.
+
+    Example::
+
+        from microdot import Microdot
+
+        app = Microdot()
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.url_map = []
+        self.before_request_handlers = []
+        self.after_request_handlers = []
+        self.error_handlers = {}
+        self.shutdown_requested = False
+        self.debug = False
+        self.server = None
+
+    def route(self, url_pattern, methods=None):
+        """Decorator that is used to register a function as a request handler
+        for a given URL.
+
+        :param url_pattern: The URL pattern that will be compared against
+                            incoming requests.
+        :param methods: The list of HTTP methods to be handled by the
+                        decorated function. If omitted, only ``GET`` requests
+                        are handled.
+
+        The URL pattern can be a static path (for example, ``/users`` or
+        ``/api/invoices/search``) or a path with dynamic components enclosed
+        in ``<`` and ``>`` (for example, ``/users/<id>`` or
+        ``/invoices/<number>/products``). Dynamic path components can also
+        include a type prefix, separated from the name with a colon (for
+        example, ``/users/<int:id>``). The type can be ``string`` (the
+        default), ``int``, ``path`` or ``re:[regular-expression]``.
+
+        The first argument of the decorated function must be
+        the request object. Any path arguments that are specified in the URL
+        pattern are passed as keyword arguments. The return value of the
+        function must be a :class:`Response` instance, or the arguments to
+        be passed to this class.
+
+        Example::
+
+            @app.route('/')
+            def index(request):
+                return 'Hello, world!'
+        """
+        def decorated(f):
+            self.url_map.append(
+                (methods or ['GET'], URLPattern(url_pattern), f))
+            return f
+        return decorated
+
+    def get(self, url_pattern):
+        """Decorator that is used to register a function as a ``GET`` request
+        handler for a given URL.
+
+        :param url_pattern: The URL pattern that will be compared against
+                            incoming requests.
+
+        This decorator can be used as an alias to the ``route`` decorator with
+        ``methods=['GET']``.
+
+        Example::
+
+            @app.get('/users/<int:id>')
+            def get_user(request, id):
+                # ...
+        """
+        return self.route(url_pattern, methods=['GET'])
+
+    def post(self, url_pattern):
+        """Decorator that is used to register a function as a ``POST`` request
+        handler for a given URL.
+
+        :param url_pattern: The URL pattern that will be compared against
+                            incoming requests.
+
+        This decorator can be used as an alias to the``route`` decorator with
+        ``methods=['POST']``.
+
+        Example::
+
+            @app.post('/users')
+            def create_user(request):
+                # ...
+        """
+        return self.route(url_pattern, methods=['POST'])
+
+    def put(self, url_pattern):
+        """Decorator that is used to register a function as a ``PUT`` request
+        handler for a given URL.
+
+        :param url_pattern: The URL pattern that will be compared against
+                            incoming requests.
+
+        This decorator can be used as an alias to the ``route`` decorator with
+        ``methods=['PUT']``.
+
+        Example::
+
+            @app.put('/users/<int:id>')
+            def edit_user(request, id):
+                # ...
+        """
+        return self.route(url_pattern, methods=['PUT'])
+
+    def patch(self, url_pattern):
+        """Decorator that is used to register a function as a ``PATCH`` request
+        handler for a given URL.
+
+        :param url_pattern: The URL pattern that will be compared against
+                            incoming requests.
+
+        This decorator can be used as an alias to the ``route`` decorator with
+        ``methods=['PATCH']``.
+
+        Example::
+
+            @app.patch('/users/<int:id>')
+            def edit_user(request, id):
+                # ...
+        """
+        return self.route(url_pattern, methods=['PATCH'])
+
+    def delete(self, url_pattern):
+        """Decorator that is used to register a function as a ``DELETE``
+        request handler for a given URL.
+
+        :param url_pattern: The URL pattern that will be compared against
+                            incoming requests.
+
+        This decorator can be used as an alias to the ``route`` decorator with
+        ``methods=['DELETE']``.
+
+        Example::
+
+            @app.delete('/users/<int:id>')
+            def delete_user(request, id):
+                # ...
+        """
+        return self.route(url_pattern, methods=['DELETE'])
+
+    def before_request(self, f):
+        """Decorator to register a function to run before each request is
+        handled. The decorated function must take a single argument, the
+        request object.
+
+        Example::
+
+            @app.before_request
+            def func(request):
+                # ...
+        """
+        self.before_request_handlers.append(f)
+        return f
+
+    def after_request(self, f):
+        """Decorator to register a function to run after each request is
+        handled. The decorated function must take two arguments, the request
+        and response objects. The return value of the function must be an
+        updated response object.
+
+        Example::
+
+            @app.before_request
+            def func(request, response):
+                # ...
+        """
+        self.after_request_handlers.append(f)
+        return f
+
+    def errorhandler(self, status_code_or_exception_class):
+        """Decorator to register a function as an error handler. Error handler
+        functions for numeric HTTP status codes must accept a single argument,
+        the request object. Error handler functions for Python exceptions
+        must accept two arguments, the request object and the exception
+        object.
+
+        :param status_code_or_exception_class: The numeric HTTP status code or
+                                               Python exception class to
+                                               handle.
+
+        Examples::
+
+            @app.errorhandler(404)
+            def not_found(request):
+                return 'Not found'
+
+            @app.errorhandler(RuntimeError)
+            def runtime_error(request, exception):
+                return 'Runtime error'
+        """
+        def decorated(f):
+            self.error_handlers[status_code_or_exception_class] = f
+            return f
+        return decorated
+
+    def run(self, host='0.0.0.0', port=5000, debug=False):
+        """Start the web server. This function does not normally return, as
+        the server enters an endless listening loop. The :func:`shutdown`
+        function provides a method for terminating the server gracefully.
+
+        :param host: The hostname or IP address of the network interface that
+                     will be listening for requests. A value of ``'0.0.0.0'``
+                     (the default) indicates that the server should listen for
+                     requests on all the available interfaces, and a value of
+                     ``127.0.0.1`` indicates that the server should listen
+                     for requests only on the internal networking interface of
+                     the host.
+        :param port: The port number to listen for requests. The default is
+                     port 5000.
+        :param debug: If ``True``, the server logs debugging information. The
+                      default is ``False``.
+
+        Example::
+
+            from microdot import Microdot
+
+            app = Microdot()
+
+            @app.route('/')
+            def index():
+                return 'Hello, world!'
+
+            app.run(debug=True)
+        """
+        self.debug = debug
+        self.shutdown_requested = False
+
+        self.server = socket.socket()
+        ai = socket.getaddrinfo(host, port)
+        addr = ai[0][-1]
+
+        if self.debug:  # pragma: no cover
+            print('Starting {mode} server on {host}:{port}...'.format(
+                mode=concurrency_mode, host=host, port=port))
+        self.server.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
+        self.server.bind(addr)
+        self.server.listen(5)
+
+        while not self.shutdown_requested:
+            try:
+                sock, addr = self.server.accept()
+            except OSError as exc:  # pragma: no cover
+                if exc.errno == errno.ECONNABORTED:
+                    break
+                else:
+                    raise
+            create_thread(self.handle_request, sock, addr)
+
+    def shutdown(self):
+        """Request a server shutdown. The server will then exit its request
+        listening loop and the :func:`run` function will return. This function
+        can be safely called from a route handler, as it only schedules the
+        server to terminate as soon as the request completes.
+
+        Example::
+
+            @app.route('/shutdown')
+            def shutdown(request):
+                request.app.shutdown()
+                return 'The server is shutting down...'
+        """
+        self.shutdown_requested = True
+
+    def find_route(self, req):
+        f = None
+        for route_methods, route_pattern, route_handler in self.url_map:
+            if req.method in route_methods:
+                req.url_args = route_pattern.match(req.path)
+                if req.url_args is not None:
+                    f = route_handler
+                    break
+        return f
+
+    def handle_request(self, sock, addr):
+        if not hasattr(sock, 'readline'):  # pragma: no cover
+            stream = sock.makefile("rwb")
+        else:
+            stream = sock
+
+        req = None
+        try:
+            req = Request.create(self, stream, addr)
+        except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover
+            print_exception(exc)
+        res = self.dispatch_request(req)
+        res.write(stream)
+        try:
+            stream.close()
+        except OSError as exc:  # pragma: no cover
+            if exc.errno == 32:  # errno.EPIPE
+                pass
+            else:
+                raise
+        if stream != sock:  # pragma: no cover
+            sock.close()
+        if self.shutdown_requested:  # pragma: no cover
+            self.server.close()
+        if self.debug and req:  # pragma: no cover
+            print('{method} {path} {status_code}'.format(
+                method=req.method, path=req.path,
+                status_code=res.status_code))
+
+    def dispatch_request(self, req):
+        if req:
+            if req.content_length > req.max_content_length:
+                if 413 in self.error_handlers:
+                    res = self.error_handlers[413](req)
+                else:
+                    res = 'Payload too large', 413
+            else:
+                f = self.find_route(req)
+                try:
+                    res = None
+                    if f:
+                        for handler in self.before_request_handlers:
+                            res = handler(req)
+                            if res:
+                                break
+                        if res is None:
+                            res = f(req, **req.url_args)
+                        if isinstance(res, tuple):
+                            res = Response(*res)
+                        elif not isinstance(res, Response):
+                            res = Response(res)
+                        for handler in self.after_request_handlers:
+                            res = handler(req, res) or res
+                    elif 404 in self.error_handlers:
+                        res = self.error_handlers[404](req)
+                    else:
+                        res = 'Not found', 404
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    print_exception(exc)
+                    res = None
+                    if exc.__class__ in self.error_handlers:
+                        try:
+                            res = self.error_handlers[exc.__class__](req, exc)
+                        except Exception as exc2:  # pragma: no cover
+                            print_exception(exc2)
+                    if res is None:
+                        if 500 in self.error_handlers:
+                            res = self.error_handlers[500](req)
+                        else:
+                            res = 'Internal server error', 500
+        else:
+            res = 'Bad request', 400
+        if isinstance(res, tuple):
+            res = Response(*res)
+        elif not isinstance(res, Response):
+            res = Response(res)
+        return res
+
+
+redirect = Response.redirect
+send_file = Response.send_file

src/microdot_asgi.py

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+import asyncio
+import os
+import signal
+from microdot_asyncio import *  # noqa: F401, F403
+from microdot_asyncio import Microdot as BaseMicrodot
+from microdot_asyncio import Request
+
+
+class _BodyStream:  # pragma: no cover
+    def __init__(self, receive):
+        self.receive = receive
+        self.data = b''
+        self.more = True
+
+    async def read_more(self):
+        if self.more:
+            packet = await self.receive()
+            self.data += packet.get('body', b'')
+            self.more = packet.get('more_body', False)
+
+    async def read(self, n=-1):
+        while self.more and len(self.data) < n:
+            self.read_more()
+        if len(self.data) < n:
+            data = self.data
+            self.data = b''
+            return data
+
+        data = self.data[:n]
+        self.data = self.data[n:]
+        return data
+
+    async def readline(self):
+        return self.readuntil()
+
+    async def readexactly(self, n):
+        return self.read(n)
+
+    async def readuntil(self, separator=b'\n'):
+        if self.more and separator not in self.data:
+            self.read_more()
+        data, self.data = self.data.split(separator, 1)
+        return data
+
+
+class Microdot(BaseMicrodot):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.embedded_server = False
+
+    async def asgi_app(self, scope, receive, send):
+        """An ASGI application."""
+        if scope['type'] != 'http':  # pragma: no cover
+            return
+        path = scope['path']
+        if 'query_string' in scope and scope['query_string']:
+            path += '?' + scope['query_string'].decode()
+        headers = {}
+        content_length = 0
+        for key, value in scope.get('headers', []):
+            headers[key] = value
+            if key.lower() == 'content-length':
+                content_length = int(value)
+
+        body = b''
+        if content_length and content_length <= Request.max_body_length:
+            body = b''
+            more = True
+            while more:
+                packet = await receive()
+                body += packet.get('body', b'')
+                more = packet.get('more_body', False)
+            stream = None
+        else:
+            body = b''
+            stream = _BodyStream(receive)
+
+        req = Request(
+            self,
+            (scope['client'][0], scope['client'][1]),
+            scope['method'],
+            path,
+            'HTTP/' + scope['http_version'],
+            headers,
+            body=body,
+            stream=stream)
+        req.asgi_scope = scope
+
+        res = await self.dispatch_request(req)
+        res.complete()
+
+        await send({'type': 'http.response.start',
+                    'status': res.status_code,
+                    'headers': [(name, value)
+                                for name, value in res.headers.items()]})
+
+        cancelled = False
+
+        async def cancel_monitor():
+            nonlocal cancelled
+
+            while True:
+                event = await receive()
+                if event['type'] == 'http.disconnect':  # pragma: no branch
+                    cancelled = True
+                    break
+
+        asyncio.ensure_future(cancel_monitor())
+
+        body_iter = res.body_iter().__aiter__()
+        try:
+            body = await body_iter.__anext__()
+            while not cancelled:  # pragma: no branch
+                next_body = await body_iter.__anext__()
+                await send({'type': 'http.response.body',
+                            'body': body,
+                            'more_body': True})
+                body = next_body
+        except StopAsyncIteration:
+            await send({'type': 'http.response.body',
+                        'body': body,
+                        'more_body': False})
+
+    async def __call__(self, scope, receive, send):
+        return await self.asgi_app(scope, receive, send)
+
+    def shutdown(self):
+        if self.embedded_server:  # pragma: no cover
+            super().shutdown()
+        else:
+            pid = os.getpgrp() if hasattr(os, 'getpgrp') else os.getpid()
+            os.kill(pid, signal.SIGTERM)
+
+    def run(self, host='0.0.0.0', port=5000, debug=False,
+            **options):  # pragma: no cover
+        """Normally you would not start the server by invoking this method.
+        Instead, start your chosen ASGI web server and pass the ``Microdot``
+        instance as the ASGI application.
+        """
+        self.embedded_server = True
+        super().run(host=host, port=port, debug=debug, **options)

src/microdot_asyncio.py

@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
+"""
+microdot_asyncio
+----------------
+
+The ``microdot_asyncio`` module defines a few classes that help implement
+HTTP-based servers for MicroPython and standard Python that use ``asyncio``
+and coroutines.
+"""
+try:
+    import uasyncio as asyncio
+except ImportError:
+    import asyncio
+
+try:
+    import uio as io
+except ImportError:
+    import io
+
+from microdot import Microdot as BaseMicrodot
+from microdot import print_exception
+from microdot import Request as BaseRequest
+from microdot import Response as BaseResponse
+
+
+def _iscoroutine(coro):
+    return hasattr(coro, 'send') and hasattr(coro, 'throw')
+
+
+class _AsyncBytesIO:
+    def __init__(self, data):
+        self.stream = io.BytesIO(data)
+
+    async def read(self, n=-1):
+        return self.stream.read(n)
+
+    async def readline(self):  # pragma: no cover
+        return self.stream.readline()
+
+    async def readexactly(self, n):  # pragma: no cover
+        return self.stream.read(n)
+
+    async def readuntil(self, separator=b'\n'):  # pragma: no cover
+        return self.stream.readuntil(separator=separator)
+
+
+class Request(BaseRequest):
+    @staticmethod
+    async def create(app, client_stream, client_addr):
+        """Create a request object.
+
+        :param app: The Microdot application instance.
+        :param client_stream: An input stream from where the request data can
+                              be read.
+        :param client_addr: The address of the client, as a tuple.
+
+        This method is a coroutine. It returns a newly created ``Request``
+        object.
+        """
+        # request line
+        line = (await Request._safe_readline(client_stream)).strip().decode()
+        if not line:  # pragma: no cover
+            return None
+        method, url, http_version = line.split()
+        http_version = http_version.split('/', 1)[1]
+
+        # headers
+        headers = {}
+        content_length = 0
+        while True:
+            line = (await Request._safe_readline(
+                client_stream)).strip().decode()
+            if line == '':
+                break
+            header, value = line.split(':', 1)
+            value = value.strip()
+            headers[header] = value
+            if header.lower() == 'content-length':
+                content_length = int(value)
+
+        # body
+        body = b''
+        if content_length and content_length <= Request.max_body_length:
+            body = await client_stream.readexactly(content_length)
+            stream = None
+        else:
+            body = b''
+            stream = client_stream
+
+        return Request(app, client_addr, method, url, http_version, headers,
+                       body=body, stream=stream)
+
+    @property
+    def stream(self):
+        if self._stream is None:
+            self._stream = _AsyncBytesIO(self._body)
+        return self._stream
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def _safe_readline(stream):
+        line = (await stream.readline())
+        if len(line) > Request.max_readline:
+            raise ValueError('line too long')
+        return line
+
+
+class Response(BaseResponse):
+    """An HTTP response class.
+
+    :param body: The body of the response. If a dictionary or list is given,
+                 a JSON formatter is used to generate the body. If a file-like
+                 object or an async generator is given, a streaming response is
+                 used. If a string is given, it is encoded from UTF-8. Else,
+                 the body should be a byte sequence.
+    :param status_code: The numeric HTTP status code of the response. The
+                        default is 200.
+    :param headers: A dictionary of headers to include in the response.
+    :param reason: A custom reason phrase to add after the status code. The
+                   default is "OK" for responses with a 200 status code and
+                   "N/A" for any other status codes.
+    """
+    async def write(self, stream):
+        self.complete()
+
+        # status code
+        reason = self.reason if self.reason is not None else \
+            ('OK' if self.status_code == 200 else 'N/A')
+        await stream.awrite('HTTP/1.0 {status_code} {reason}\r\n'.format(
+            status_code=self.status_code, reason=reason).encode())
+
+        # headers
+        for header, value in self.headers.items():
+            values = value if isinstance(value, list) else [value]
+            for value in values:
+                await stream.awrite('{header}: {value}\r\n'.format(
+                    header=header, value=value).encode())
+        await stream.awrite(b'\r\n')
+
+        # body
+        try:
+            async for body in self.body_iter():
+                if isinstance(body, str):
+                    body = body.encode()
+                await stream.awrite(body)
+        except OSError as exc:  # pragma: no cover
+            if exc.errno == 32 or exc.args[0] == 'Connection lost':
+                pass
+            else:
+                raise
+
+    def body_iter(self):
+        if hasattr(self.body, '__anext__'):
+            return self.body
+
+        response = self
+
+        class iter:
+            def __aiter__(self):
+                if response.body:
+                    self.i = 0
+                else:
+                    self.i = -1
+                return self
+
+            async def __anext__(self):
+                if self.i == -1:
+                    raise StopAsyncIteration
+                if self.i == 0:
+                    if not hasattr(response.body, 'read'):
+                        self.i = -1
+                        return response.body
+                    else:
+                        self.i = 1
+                buf = response.body.read(response.send_file_buffer_size)
+                if _iscoroutine(buf):  # pragma: no cover
+                    buf = await buf
+                if len(buf) < response.send_file_buffer_size:
+                    self.i = -1
+                    if hasattr(response.body, 'close'):  # pragma: no cover
+                        result = response.body.close()
+                        if _iscoroutine(result):
+                            await result
+                return buf
+
+        return iter()
+
+
+class Microdot(BaseMicrodot):
+    async def start_server(self, host='0.0.0.0', port=5000, debug=False):
+        """Start the Microdot web server as a coroutine. This coroutine does
+        not normally return, as the server enters an endless listening loop.
+        The :func:`shutdown` function provides a method for terminating the
+        server gracefully.
+
+        :param host: The hostname or IP address of the network interface that
+                     will be listening for requests. A value of ``'0.0.0.0'``
+                     (the default) indicates that the server should listen for
+                     requests on all the available interfaces, and a value of
+                     ``127.0.0.1`` indicates that the server should listen
+                     for requests only on the internal networking interface of
+                     the host.
+        :param port: The port number to listen for requests. The default is
+                     port 5000.
+        :param debug: If ``True``, the server logs debugging information. The
+                      default is ``False``.
+
+        This method is a coroutine.
+
+        Example::
+
+            import asyncio
+            from microdot_asyncio import Microdot
+
+            app = Microdot()
+
+            @app.route('/')
+            async def index():
+                return 'Hello, world!'
+
+            async def main():
+                await app.start_server(debug=True)
+
+            asyncio.run(main())
+        """
+        self.debug = debug
+
+        async def serve(reader, writer):
+            if not hasattr(writer, 'awrite'):  # pragma: no cover
+                # CPython provides the awrite and aclose methods in 3.8+
+                async def awrite(self, data):
+                    self.write(data)
+                    await self.drain()
+
+                async def aclose(self):
+                    self.close()
+                    await self.wait_closed()
+
+                from types import MethodType
+                writer.awrite = MethodType(awrite, writer)
+                writer.aclose = MethodType(aclose, writer)
+
+            await self.handle_request(reader, writer)
+
+        if self.debug:  # pragma: no cover
+            print('Starting async server on {host}:{port}...'.format(
+                host=host, port=port))
+
+        self.server = await asyncio.start_server(serve, host, port)
+        while True:
+            try:
+                await self.server.wait_closed()
+                break
+            except AttributeError:  # pragma: no cover
+                # the task hasn't been initialized in the server object yet
+                # wait a bit and try again
+                await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+
+    def run(self, host='0.0.0.0', port=5000, debug=False):
+        """Start the web server. This function does not normally return, as
+        the server enters an endless listening loop. The :func:`shutdown`
+        function provides a method for terminating the server gracefully.
+
+        :param host: The hostname or IP address of the network interface that
+                     will be listening for requests. A value of ``'0.0.0.0'``
+                     (the default) indicates that the server should listen for
+                     requests on all the available interfaces, and a value of
+                     ``127.0.0.1`` indicates that the server should listen
+                     for requests only on the internal networking interface of
+                     the host.
+        :param port: The port number to listen for requests. The default is
+                     port 5000.
+        :param debug: If ``True``, the server logs debugging information. The
+                      default is ``False``.
+
+        Example::
+
+            from microdot_asyncio import Microdot
+
+            app = Microdot()
+
+            @app.route('/')
+            async def index():
+                return 'Hello, world!'
+
+            app.run(debug=True)
+        """
+        asyncio.run(self.start_server(host=host, port=port, debug=debug))
+
+    def shutdown(self):
+        self.server.close()
+
+    async def handle_request(self, reader, writer):
+        req = None
+        try:
+            req = await Request.create(self, reader,
+                                       writer.get_extra_info('peername'))
+        except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover
+            print_exception(exc)
+
+        res = await self.dispatch_request(req)
+        await res.write(writer)
+        try:
+            await writer.aclose()
+        except OSError as exc:  # pragma: no cover
+            if exc.errno == 32:  # errno.EPIPE
+                pass
+            else:
+                raise
+        if self.debug and req:  # pragma: no cover
+            print('{method} {path} {status_code}'.format(
+                method=req.method, path=req.path,
+                status_code=res.status_code))
+
+    async def dispatch_request(self, req):
+        if req:
+            if req.content_length > req.max_content_length:
+                if 413 in self.error_handlers:
+                    res = await self._invoke_handler(
+                        self.error_handlers[413], req)
+                else:
+                    res = 'Payload too large', 413
+            else:
+                f = self.find_route(req)
+                try:
+                    res = None
+                    if f:
+                        for handler in self.before_request_handlers:
+                            res = await self._invoke_handler(handler, req)
+                            if res:
+                                break
+                        if res is None:
+                            res = await self._invoke_handler(
+                                f, req, **req.url_args)
+                        if isinstance(res, tuple):
+                            res = Response(*res)
+                        elif not isinstance(res, Response):
+                            res = Response(res)
+                        for handler in self.after_request_handlers:
+                            res = await self._invoke_handler(
+                                handler, req, res) or res
+                    elif 404 in self.error_handlers:
+                        res = await self._invoke_handler(
+                            self.error_handlers[404], req)
+                    else:
+                        res = 'Not found', 404
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    print_exception(exc)
+                    res = None
+                    if exc.__class__ in self.error_handlers:
+                        try:
+                            res = await self._invoke_handler(
+                                self.error_handlers[exc.__class__], req, exc)
+                        except Exception as exc2:  # pragma: no cover
+                            print_exception(exc2)
+                    if res is None:
+                        if 500 in self.error_handlers:
+                            res = await self._invoke_handler(
+                                self.error_handlers[500], req)
+                        else:
+                            res = 'Internal server error', 500
+        else:
+            res = 'Bad request', 400
+        if isinstance(res, tuple):
+            res = Response(*res)
+        elif not isinstance(res, Response):
+            res = Response(res)
+        return res
+
+    async def _invoke_handler(self, f_or_coro, *args, **kwargs):
+        ret = f_or_coro(*args, **kwargs)
+        if _iscoroutine(ret):
+            ret = await ret
+        return ret
+
+
+redirect = Response.redirect
+send_file = Response.send_file

src/microdot_wsgi.py

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+import os
+import signal
+from microdot import *  # noqa: F401, F403
+from microdot import Microdot as BaseMicrodot
+from microdot import Request
+
+
+class Microdot(BaseMicrodot):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.embedded_server = False
+
+    def wsgi_app(self, environ, start_response):
+        """A WSGI application callable."""
+        path = environ.get('SCRIPT_NAME', '') + environ.get('PATH_INFO', '')
+        if 'QUERY_STRING' in environ and environ['QUERY_STRING']:
+            path += '?' + environ['QUERY_STRING']
+        headers = {}
+        for k, v in environ.items():
+            if k.startswith('HTTP_'):
+                h = '-'.join([p.title() for p in k[5:].split('_')])
+                headers[h] = v
+        req = Request(
+            self,
+            (environ['REMOTE_ADDR'], int(environ.get('REMOTE_PORT', '0'))),
+            environ['REQUEST_METHOD'],
+            path,
+            environ['SERVER_PROTOCOL'],
+            headers,
+            stream=environ['wsgi.input'])
+        req.environ = environ
+
+        res = self.dispatch_request(req)
+        res.complete()
+
+        reason = res.reason or ('OK' if res.status_code == 200 else 'N/A')
+        start_response(
+            str(res.status_code) + ' ' + reason,
+            [(name, value) for name, value in res.headers.items()])
+        return res.body_iter()
+
+    def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
+        return self.wsgi_app(environ, start_response)
+
+    def shutdown(self):
+        if self.embedded_server:  # pragma: no cover
+            super().shutdown()
+        else:
+            pid = os.getpgrp() if hasattr(os, 'getpgrp') else os.getpid()
+            os.kill(pid, signal.SIGTERM)
+
+    def run(self, host='0.0.0.0', port=5000, debug=False,
+            **options):  # pragma: no cover
+        """Normally you would not start the server by invoking this method.
+        Instead, start your chosen WSGI web server and pass the ``Microdot``
+        instance as the WSGI callable.
+        """
+        self.embedded_server = True
+        super().run(host=host, port=port, debug=debug, **options)

tests/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+from tests.microdot.test_multidict import TestMultiDict
+from tests.microdot.test_request import TestRequest
+from tests.microdot.test_response import TestResponse
+from tests.microdot.test_url_pattern import TestURLPattern
+from tests.microdot.test_microdot import TestMicrodot
+
+from tests.microdot_asyncio.test_request_asyncio import TestRequestAsync
+from tests.microdot_asyncio.test_response_asyncio import TestResponseAsync
+from tests.microdot_asyncio.test_microdot_asyncio import TestMicrodotAsync

tests/files/test.bin

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+foo

tests/files/test.css

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+foo

tests/files/test.gif

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+foo

tests/files/test.html

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+foo

tests/files/test.jpg

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+foo

tests/files/test.js

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+foo

tests/files/test.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+foo

tests/files/test.png

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+foo

tests/files/test.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+foo

tests/libs/ffilib.py

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import sys
+try:
+    import ffi
+except ImportError:
+    ffi = None
+
+_cache = {}
+
+def open(name, maxver=10, extra=()):
+    if not ffi:
+        return None
+    try:
+        return _cache[name]
+    except KeyError:
+        pass
+    def libs():
+        if sys.platform == "linux":
+            yield '%s.so' % name
+            for i in range(maxver, -1, -1):
+                yield '%s.so.%u' % (name, i)
+        else:
+            for ext in ('dylib', 'dll'):
+                yield '%s.%s' % (name, ext)
+        for n in extra:
+            yield n
+    err = None
+    for n in libs():
+        try:
+            l = ffi.open(n)
+            _cache[name] = l
+            return l
+        except OSError as e:
+            err = e
+    raise err
+
+def libc():
+    return open("libc", 6)
+
+# Find out bitness of the platform, even if long ints are not supported
+# TODO: All bitness differences should be removed from micropython-lib, and
+# this snippet too.
+bitness = 1
+v = sys.maxsize
+while v:
+    bitness += 1
+    v >>= 1

tests/libs/time.py

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+from utime import *
+from ucollections import namedtuple
+import ustruct
+import uctypes
+import ffi
+import ffilib
+import array
+
+libc = ffilib.libc()
+
+# struct tm *gmtime(const time_t *timep);
+# struct tm *localtime(const time_t *timep);
+# size_t strftime(char *s, size_t max, const char *format,
+#                       const struct tm *tm);
+gmtime_ = libc.func("P", "gmtime", "P")
+localtime_ = libc.func("P", "localtime", "P")
+strftime_ = libc.func("i", "strftime", "sisP")
+mktime_ = libc.func("i", "mktime", "P")
+
+_struct_time = namedtuple("struct_time",
+    ["tm_year", "tm_mon", "tm_mday", "tm_hour", "tm_min", "tm_sec", "tm_wday", "tm_yday", "tm_isdst"])
+
+def _tuple_to_c_tm(t):
+    return ustruct.pack("@iiiiiiiii", t[5], t[4], t[3], t[2], t[1] - 1, t[0] - 1900, (t[6] + 1) % 7, t[7] - 1, t[8])
+
+
+def _c_tm_to_tuple(tm):
+    t = ustruct.unpack("@iiiiiiiii", tm)
+    return _struct_time(t[5] + 1900, t[4] + 1, t[3], t[2], t[1], t[0], (t[6] - 1) % 7, t[7] + 1, t[8])
+
+def struct_time(tm):
+    return _struct_time(*tm)
+
+
+def strftime(format, t=None):
+    if t is None:
+        t = localtime()
+
+    buf = bytearray(32)
+    l = strftime_(buf, 32, format, _tuple_to_c_tm(t))
+    return str(buf[:l], "utf-8")
+
+
+def localtime(t=None):
+    if t is None:
+        t = time()
+
+    t = int(t)
+    a = ustruct.pack('l', t)
+    tm_p = localtime_(a)
+    return _c_tm_to_tuple(uctypes.bytearray_at(tm_p, 36))
+
+
+def gmtime(t=None):
+    if t is None:
+        t = time()
+
+    t = int(t)
+    a = ustruct.pack('l', t)
+    tm_p = gmtime_(a)
+    return _c_tm_to_tuple(uctypes.bytearray_at(tm_p, 36))
+
+
+def mktime(tt):
+    return mktime_(_tuple_to_c_tm(tt))
+
+
+def perf_counter():
+    return time()
+
+def process_time():
+    return clock()
+
+
+daylight = 0
+timezone = 0

tests/libs/uasyncio/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# MicroPython uasyncio module
+# MIT license; Copyright (c) 2019 Damien P. George
+
+from .core import *
+
+__version__ = (3, 0, 0)
+
+_attrs = {
+    "wait_for": "funcs",
+    "wait_for_ms": "funcs",
+    "gather": "funcs",
+    "Event": "event",
+    "ThreadSafeFlag": "event",
+    "Lock": "lock",
+    "open_connection": "stream",
+    "start_server": "stream",
+    "StreamReader": "stream",
+    "StreamWriter": "stream",
+}
+
+# Lazy loader, effectively does:
+#   global attr
+#   from .mod import attr
+def __getattr__(attr):
+    mod = _attrs.get(attr, None)
+    if mod is None:
+        raise AttributeError(attr)
+    value = getattr(__import__(mod, None, None, True, 1), attr)
+    globals()[attr] = value
+    return value

tests/libs/uasyncio/core.py

@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+# MicroPython uasyncio module
+# MIT license; Copyright (c) 2019 Damien P. George
+
+from time import ticks_ms as ticks, ticks_diff, ticks_add
+import sys, select
+
+# Import TaskQueue and Task, preferring built-in C code over Python code
+try:
+    from _uasyncio import TaskQueue, Task
+except:
+    from .task import TaskQueue, Task
+
+
+################################################################################
+# Exceptions
+
+
+class CancelledError(BaseException):
+    pass
+
+
+class TimeoutError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+# Used when calling Loop.call_exception_handler
+_exc_context = {"message": "Task exception wasn't retrieved", "exception": None, "future": None}
+
+
+################################################################################
+# Sleep functions
+
+# "Yield" once, then raise StopIteration
+class SingletonGenerator:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.state = None
+        self.exc = StopIteration()
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __next__(self):
+        if self.state is not None:
+            _task_queue.push_sorted(cur_task, self.state)
+            self.state = None
+            return None
+        else:
+            self.exc.__traceback__ = None
+            raise self.exc
+
+
+# Pause task execution for the given time (integer in milliseconds, uPy extension)
+# Use a SingletonGenerator to do it without allocating on the heap
+def sleep_ms(t, sgen=SingletonGenerator()):
+    assert sgen.state is None
+    sgen.state = ticks_add(ticks(), max(0, t))
+    return sgen
+
+
+# Pause task execution for the given time (in seconds)
+def sleep(t):
+    return sleep_ms(int(t * 1000))
+
+
+################################################################################
+# Queue and poller for stream IO
+
+
+class IOQueue:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.poller = select.poll()
+        self.map = {}  # maps id(stream) to [task_waiting_read, task_waiting_write, stream]
+
+    def _enqueue(self, s, idx):
+        if id(s) not in self.map:
+            entry = [None, None, s]
+            entry[idx] = cur_task
+            self.map[id(s)] = entry
+            self.poller.register(s, select.POLLIN if idx == 0 else select.POLLOUT)
+        else:
+            sm = self.map[id(s)]
+            assert sm[idx] is None
+            assert sm[1 - idx] is not None
+            sm[idx] = cur_task
+            self.poller.modify(s, select.POLLIN | select.POLLOUT)
+        # Link task to this IOQueue so it can be removed if needed
+        cur_task.data = self
+
+    def _dequeue(self, s):
+        del self.map[id(s)]
+        self.poller.unregister(s)
+
+    def queue_read(self, s):
+        self._enqueue(s, 0)
+
+    def queue_write(self, s):
+        self._enqueue(s, 1)
+
+    def remove(self, task):
+        while True:
+            del_s = None
+            for k in self.map:  # Iterate without allocating on the heap
+                q0, q1, s = self.map[k]
+                if q0 is task or q1 is task:
+                    del_s = s
+                    break
+            if del_s is not None:
+                self._dequeue(s)
+            else:
+                break
+
+    def wait_io_event(self, dt):
+        for s, ev in self.poller.ipoll(dt):
+            sm = self.map[id(s)]
+            # print('poll', s, sm, ev)
+            if ev & ~select.POLLOUT and sm[0] is not None:
+                # POLLIN or error
+                _task_queue.push_head(sm[0])
+                sm[0] = None
+            if ev & ~select.POLLIN and sm[1] is not None:
+                # POLLOUT or error
+                _task_queue.push_head(sm[1])
+                sm[1] = None
+            if sm[0] is None and sm[1] is None:
+                self._dequeue(s)
+            elif sm[0] is None:
+                self.poller.modify(s, select.POLLOUT)
+            else:
+                self.poller.modify(s, select.POLLIN)
+
+
+################################################################################
+# Main run loop
+
+# Ensure the awaitable is a task
+def _promote_to_task(aw):
+    return aw if isinstance(aw, Task) else create_task(aw)
+
+
+# Create and schedule a new task from a coroutine
+def create_task(coro):
+    if not hasattr(coro, "send"):
+        raise TypeError("coroutine expected")
+    t = Task(coro, globals())
+    _task_queue.push_head(t)
+    return t
+
+
+# Keep scheduling tasks until there are none left to schedule
+def run_until_complete(main_task=None):
+    global cur_task
+    excs_all = (CancelledError, Exception)  # To prevent heap allocation in loop
+    excs_stop = (CancelledError, StopIteration)  # To prevent heap allocation in loop
+    while True:
+        # Wait until the head of _task_queue is ready to run
+        dt = 1
+        while dt > 0:
+            dt = -1
+            t = _task_queue.peek()
+            if t:
+                # A task waiting on _task_queue; "ph_key" is time to schedule task at
+                dt = max(0, ticks_diff(t.ph_key, ticks()))
+            elif not _io_queue.map:
+                # No tasks can be woken so finished running
+                return
+            # print('(poll {})'.format(dt), len(_io_queue.map))
+            _io_queue.wait_io_event(dt)
+
+        # Get next task to run and continue it
+        t = _task_queue.pop_head()
+        cur_task = t
+        try:
+            # Continue running the coroutine, it's responsible for rescheduling itself
+            exc = t.data
+            if not exc:
+                t.coro.send(None)
+            else:
+                t.data = None
+                t.coro.throw(exc)
+        except excs_all as er:
+            # Check the task is not on any event queue
+            assert t.data is None
+            # This task is done, check if it's the main task and then loop should stop
+            if t is main_task:
+                if isinstance(er, StopIteration):
+                    return er.value
+                raise er
+            # Schedule any other tasks waiting on the completion of this task
+            waiting = False
+            if hasattr(t, "waiting"):
+                while t.waiting.peek():
+                    _task_queue.push_head(t.waiting.pop_head())
+                    waiting = True
+                t.waiting = None  # Free waiting queue head
+            if not waiting and not isinstance(er, excs_stop):
+                # An exception ended this detached task, so queue it for later
+                # execution to handle the uncaught exception if no other task retrieves
+                # the exception in the meantime (this is handled by Task.throw).
+                _task_queue.push_head(t)
+            # Indicate task is done by setting coro to the task object itself
+            t.coro = t
+            # Save return value of coro to pass up to caller
+            t.data = er
+
+
+# Create a new task from a coroutine and run it until it finishes
+def run(coro):
+    return run_until_complete(create_task(coro))
+
+
+################################################################################
+# Event loop wrapper
+
+
+async def _stopper():
+    pass
+
+
+_stop_task = None
+
+
+class Loop:
+    _exc_handler = None
+
+    def create_task(coro):
+        return create_task(coro)
+
+    def run_forever():
+        global _stop_task
+        _stop_task = Task(_stopper(), globals())
+        run_until_complete(_stop_task)
+        # TODO should keep running until .stop() is called, even if there're no tasks left
+
+    def run_until_complete(aw):
+        return run_until_complete(_promote_to_task(aw))
+
+    def stop():
+        global _stop_task
+        if _stop_task is not None:
+            _task_queue.push_head(_stop_task)
+            # If stop() is called again, do nothing
+            _stop_task = None
+
+    def close():
+        pass
+
+    def set_exception_handler(handler):
+        Loop._exc_handler = handler
+
+    def get_exception_handler():
+        return Loop._exc_handler
+
+    def default_exception_handler(loop, context):
+        print(context["message"])
+        print("future:", context["future"], "coro=", context["future"].coro)
+        sys.print_exception(context["exception"])
+
+    def call_exception_handler(context):
+        (Loop._exc_handler or Loop.default_exception_handler)(Loop, context)
+
+
+# The runq_len and waitq_len arguments are for legacy uasyncio compatibility
+def get_event_loop(runq_len=0, waitq_len=0):
+    return Loop
+
+
+def current_task():
+    return cur_task
+
+
+def new_event_loop():
+    global _task_queue, _io_queue
+    # TaskQueue of Task instances
+    _task_queue = TaskQueue()
+    # Task queue and poller for stream IO
+    _io_queue = IOQueue()
+    return Loop
+
+
+# Initialise default event loop
+new_event_loop()

tests/libs/uasyncio/event.py

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# MicroPython uasyncio module
+# MIT license; Copyright (c) 2019-2020 Damien P. George
+
+from . import core
+
+# Event class for primitive events that can be waited on, set, and cleared
+class Event:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.state = False  # False=unset; True=set
+        self.waiting = core.TaskQueue()  # Queue of Tasks waiting on completion of this event
+
+    def is_set(self):
+        return self.state
+
+    def set(self):
+        # Event becomes set, schedule any tasks waiting on it
+        # Note: This must not be called from anything except the thread running
+        # the asyncio loop (i.e. neither hard or soft IRQ, or a different thread).
+        while self.waiting.peek():
+            core._task_queue.push_head(self.waiting.pop_head())
+        self.state = True
+
+    def clear(self):
+        self.state = False
+
+    async def wait(self):
+        if not self.state:
+            # Event not set, put the calling task on the event's waiting queue
+            self.waiting.push_head(core.cur_task)
+            # Set calling task's data to the event's queue so it can be removed if needed
+            core.cur_task.data = self.waiting
+            yield
+        return True
+
+
+# MicroPython-extension: This can be set from outside the asyncio event loop,
+# such as other threads, IRQs or scheduler context. Implementation is a stream
+# that asyncio will poll until a flag is set.
+# Note: Unlike Event, this is self-clearing.
+try:
+    import uio
+
+    class ThreadSafeFlag(uio.IOBase):
+        def __init__(self):
+            self._flag = 0
+
+        def ioctl(self, req, flags):
+            if req == 3:  # MP_STREAM_POLL
+                return self._flag * flags
+            return None
+
+        def set(self):
+            self._flag = 1
+
+        async def wait(self):
+            if not self._flag:
+                yield core._io_queue.queue_read(self)
+            self._flag = 0
+
+
+except ImportError:
+    pass

tests/libs/uasyncio/funcs.py

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+# MicroPython uasyncio module
+# MIT license; Copyright (c) 2019-2020 Damien P. George
+
+from . import core
+
+
+async def wait_for(aw, timeout, sleep=core.sleep):
+    aw = core._promote_to_task(aw)
+    if timeout is None:
+        return await aw
+
+    def runner(waiter, aw):
+        nonlocal status, result
+        try:
+            result = await aw
+            s = True
+        except BaseException as er:
+            s = er
+        if status is None:
+            # The waiter is still waiting, set status for it and cancel it.
+            status = s
+            waiter.cancel()
+
+    # Run aw in a separate runner task that manages its exceptions.
+    status = None
+    result = None
+    runner_task = core.create_task(runner(core.cur_task, aw))
+
+    try:
+        # Wait for the timeout to elapse.
+        await sleep(timeout)
+    except core.CancelledError as er:
+        if status is True:
+            # aw completed successfully and cancelled the sleep, so return aw's result.
+            return result
+        elif status is None:
+            # This wait_for was cancelled externally, so cancel aw and re-raise.
+            status = True
+            runner_task.cancel()
+            raise er
+        else:
+            # aw raised an exception, propagate it out to the caller.
+            raise status
+
+    # The sleep finished before aw, so cancel aw and raise TimeoutError.
+    status = True
+    runner_task.cancel()
+    await runner_task
+    raise core.TimeoutError
+
+
+def wait_for_ms(aw, timeout):
+    return wait_for(aw, timeout, core.sleep_ms)
+
+
+async def gather(*aws, return_exceptions=False):
+    ts = [core._promote_to_task(aw) for aw in aws]
+    for i in range(len(ts)):
+        try:
+            # TODO handle cancel of gather itself
+            # if ts[i].coro:
+            #    iter(ts[i]).waiting.push_head(cur_task)
+            #    try:
+            #        yield
+            #    except CancelledError as er:
+            #        # cancel all waiting tasks
+            #        raise er
+            ts[i] = await ts[i]
+        except Exception as er:
+            if return_exceptions:
+                ts[i] = er
+            else:
+                raise er
+    return ts

tests/libs/uasyncio/lock.py

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# MicroPython uasyncio module
+# MIT license; Copyright (c) 2019-2020 Damien P. George
+
+from . import core
+
+# Lock class for primitive mutex capability
+class Lock:
+    def __init__(self):
+        # The state can take the following values:
+        # - 0: unlocked
+        # - 1: locked
+        # - <Task>: unlocked but this task has been scheduled to acquire the lock next
+        self.state = 0
+        # Queue of Tasks waiting to acquire this Lock
+        self.waiting = core.TaskQueue()
+
+    def locked(self):
+        return self.state == 1
+
+    def release(self):
+        if self.state != 1:
+            raise RuntimeError("Lock not acquired")
+        if self.waiting.peek():
+            # Task(s) waiting on lock, schedule next Task
+            self.state = self.waiting.pop_head()
+            core._task_queue.push_head(self.state)
+        else:
+            # No Task waiting so unlock
+            self.state = 0
+
+    async def acquire(self):
+        if self.state != 0:
+            # Lock unavailable, put the calling Task on the waiting queue
+            self.waiting.push_head(core.cur_task)
+            # Set calling task's data to the lock's queue so it can be removed if needed
+            core.cur_task.data = self.waiting
+            try:
+                yield
+            except core.CancelledError as er:
+                if self.state == core.cur_task:
+                    # Cancelled while pending on resume, schedule next waiting Task
+                    self.state = 1
+                    self.release()
+                raise er
+        # Lock available, set it as locked
+        self.state = 1
+        return True
+
+    async def __aenter__(self):
+        return await self.acquire()
+
+    async def __aexit__(self, exc_type, exc, tb):
+        return self.release()

tests/libs/uasyncio/manifest.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# This list of frozen files doesn't include task.py because that's provided by the C module.
+freeze(
+    "..",
+    (
+        "uasyncio/__init__.py",
+        "uasyncio/core.py",
+        "uasyncio/event.py",
+        "uasyncio/funcs.py",
+        "uasyncio/lock.py",
+        "uasyncio/stream.py",
+    ),
+    opt=3,
+)

tests/libs/uasyncio/stream.py

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+# MicroPython uasyncio module
+# MIT license; Copyright (c) 2019-2020 Damien P. George
+
+from . import core
+
+
+class Stream:
+    def __init__(self, s, e={}):
+        self.s = s
+        self.e = e
+        self.out_buf = b""
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, v):
+        return self.e[v]
+
+    async def __aenter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(self, exc_type, exc, tb):
+        await self.close()
+
+    def close(self):
+        pass
+
+    async def wait_closed(self):
+        # TODO yield?
+        self.s.close()
+
+    async def read(self, n):
+        yield core._io_queue.queue_read(self.s)
+        return self.s.read(n)
+
+    async def readexactly(self, n):
+        r = b""
+        while n:
+            yield core._io_queue.queue_read(self.s)
+            r2 = self.s.read(n)
+            if r2 is not None:
+                if not len(r2):
+                    raise EOFError
+                r += r2
+                n -= len(r2)
+        return r
+
+    async def readline(self):
+        l = b""
+        while True:
+            yield core._io_queue.queue_read(self.s)
+            l2 = self.s.readline()  # may do multiple reads but won't block
+            l += l2
+            if not l2 or l[-1] == 10:  # \n (check l in case l2 is str)
+                return l
+
+    def write(self, buf):
+        self.out_buf += buf
+
+    async def drain(self):
+        mv = memoryview(self.out_buf)
+        off = 0
+        while off < len(mv):
+            yield core._io_queue.queue_write(self.s)
+            ret = self.s.write(mv[off:])
+            if ret is not None:
+                off += ret
+        self.out_buf = b""
+
+
+# Stream can be used for both reading and writing to save code size
+StreamReader = Stream
+StreamWriter = Stream
+
+
+# Create a TCP stream connection to a remote host
+async def open_connection(host, port):
+    from uerrno import EINPROGRESS
+    import usocket as socket
+
+    ai = socket.getaddrinfo(host, port)[0]  # TODO this is blocking!
+    s = socket.socket()
+    s.setblocking(False)
+    ss = Stream(s)
+    try:
+        s.connect(ai[-1])
+    except OSError as er:
+        if er.errno != EINPROGRESS:
+            raise er
+    yield core._io_queue.queue_write(s)
+    return ss, ss
+
+
+# Class representing a TCP stream server, can be closed and used in "async with"
+class Server:
+    async def __aenter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    async def __aexit__(self, exc_type, exc, tb):
+        self.close()
+        await self.wait_closed()
+
+    def close(self):
+        self.task.cancel()
+
+    async def wait_closed(self):
+        await self.task
+
+    async def _serve(self, cb, host, port, backlog):
+        import usocket as socket
+
+        ai = socket.getaddrinfo(host, port)[0]  # TODO this is blocking!
+        s = socket.socket()
+        s.setblocking(False)
+        s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
+        s.bind(ai[-1])
+        s.listen(backlog)
+        self.task = core.cur_task
+        # Accept incoming connections
+        while True:
+            try:
+                yield core._io_queue.queue_read(s)
+            except core.CancelledError:
+                # Shutdown server
+                s.close()
+                return
+            try:
+                s2, addr = s.accept()
+            except:
+                # Ignore a failed accept
+                continue
+            s2.setblocking(False)
+            s2s = Stream(s2, {"peername": addr})
+            core.create_task(cb(s2s, s2s))
+
+
+# Helper function to start a TCP stream server, running as a new task
+# TODO could use an accept-callback on socket read activity instead of creating a task
+async def start_server(cb, host, port, backlog=5):
+    s = Server()
+    core.create_task(s._serve(cb, host, port, backlog))
+    return s
+
+
+################################################################################
+# Legacy uasyncio compatibility
+
+
+async def stream_awrite(self, buf, off=0, sz=-1):
+    if off != 0 or sz != -1:
+        buf = memoryview(buf)
+        if sz == -1:
+            sz = len(buf)
+        buf = buf[off : off + sz]
+    self.write(buf)
+    await self.drain()
+
+
+Stream.aclose = Stream.wait_closed
+Stream.awrite = stream_awrite
+Stream.awritestr = stream_awrite  # TODO explicitly convert to bytes?

tests/libs/uasyncio/task.py

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+# MicroPython uasyncio module
+# MIT license; Copyright (c) 2019-2020 Damien P. George
+
+# This file contains the core TaskQueue based on a pairing heap, and the core Task class.
+# They can optionally be replaced by C implementations.
+
+from . import core
+
+
+# pairing-heap meld of 2 heaps; O(1)
+def ph_meld(h1, h2):
+    if h1 is None:
+        return h2
+    if h2 is None:
+        return h1
+    lt = core.ticks_diff(h1.ph_key, h2.ph_key) < 0
+    if lt:
+        if h1.ph_child is None:
+            h1.ph_child = h2
+        else:
+            h1.ph_child_last.ph_next = h2
+        h1.ph_child_last = h2
+        h2.ph_next = None
+        h2.ph_rightmost_parent = h1
+        return h1
+    else:
+        h1.ph_next = h2.ph_child
+        h2.ph_child = h1
+        if h1.ph_next is None:
+            h2.ph_child_last = h1
+            h1.ph_rightmost_parent = h2
+        return h2
+
+
+# pairing-heap pairing operation; amortised O(log N)
+def ph_pairing(child):
+    heap = None
+    while child is not None:
+        n1 = child
+        child = child.ph_next
+        n1.ph_next = None
+        if child is not None:
+            n2 = child
+            child = child.ph_next
+            n2.ph_next = None
+            n1 = ph_meld(n1, n2)
+        heap = ph_meld(heap, n1)
+    return heap
+
+
+# pairing-heap delete of a node; stable, amortised O(log N)
+def ph_delete(heap, node):
+    if node is heap:
+        child = heap.ph_child
+        node.ph_child = None
+        return ph_pairing(child)
+    # Find parent of node
+    parent = node
+    while parent.ph_next is not None:
+        parent = parent.ph_next
+    parent = parent.ph_rightmost_parent
+    # Replace node with pairing of its children
+    if node is parent.ph_child and node.ph_child is None:
+        parent.ph_child = node.ph_next
+        node.ph_next = None
+        return heap
+    elif node is parent.ph_child:
+        child = node.ph_child
+        next = node.ph_next
+        node.ph_child = None
+        node.ph_next = None
+        node = ph_pairing(child)
+        parent.ph_child = node
+    else:
+        n = parent.ph_child
+        while node is not n.ph_next:
+            n = n.ph_next
+        child = node.ph_child
+        next = node.ph_next
+        node.ph_child = None
+        node.ph_next = None
+        node = ph_pairing(child)
+        if node is None:
+            node = n
+        else:
+            n.ph_next = node
+    node.ph_next = next
+    if next is None:
+        node.ph_rightmost_parent = parent
+        parent.ph_child_last = node
+    return heap
+
+
+# TaskQueue class based on the above pairing-heap functions.
+class TaskQueue:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.heap = None
+
+    def peek(self):
+        return self.heap
+
+    def push_sorted(self, v, key):
+        v.data = None
+        v.ph_key = key
+        v.ph_child = None
+        v.ph_next = None
+        self.heap = ph_meld(v, self.heap)
+
+    def push_head(self, v):
+        self.push_sorted(v, core.ticks())
+
+    def pop_head(self):
+        v = self.heap
+        self.heap = ph_pairing(self.heap.ph_child)
+        return v
+
+    def remove(self, v):
+        self.heap = ph_delete(self.heap, v)
+
+
+# Task class representing a coroutine, can be waited on and cancelled.
+class Task:
+    def __init__(self, coro, globals=None):
+        self.coro = coro  # Coroutine of this Task
+        self.data = None  # General data for queue it is waiting on
+        self.ph_key = 0  # Pairing heap
+        self.ph_child = None  # Paring heap
+        self.ph_child_last = None  # Paring heap
+        self.ph_next = None  # Paring heap
+        self.ph_rightmost_parent = None  # Paring heap
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        if self.coro is self:
+            # Signal that the completed-task has been await'ed on.
+            self.waiting = None
+        elif not hasattr(self, "waiting"):
+            # Lazily allocated head of linked list of Tasks waiting on completion of this task.
+            self.waiting = TaskQueue()
+        return self
+
+    def __next__(self):
+        if self.coro is self:
+            # Task finished, raise return value to caller so it can continue.
+            raise self.data
+        else:
+            # Put calling task on waiting queue.
+            self.waiting.push_head(core.cur_task)
+            # Set calling task's data to this task that it waits on, to double-link it.
+            core.cur_task.data = self
+
+    def done(self):
+        return self.coro is self
+
+    def cancel(self):
+        # Check if task is already finished.
+        if self.coro is self:
+            return False
+        # Can't cancel self (not supported yet).
+        if self is core.cur_task:
+            raise RuntimeError("can't cancel self")
+        # If Task waits on another task then forward the cancel to the one it's waiting on.
+        while isinstance(self.data, Task):
+            self = self.data
+        # Reschedule Task as a cancelled task.
+        if hasattr(self.data, "remove"):
+            # Not on the main running queue, remove the task from the queue it's on.
+            self.data.remove(self)
+            core._task_queue.push_head(self)
+        elif core.ticks_diff(self.ph_key, core.ticks()) > 0:
+            # On the main running queue but scheduled in the future, so bring it forward to now.
+            core._task_queue.remove(self)
+            core._task_queue.push_head(self)
+        self.data = core.CancelledError
+        return True
+
+    def throw(self, value):
+        # This task raised an exception which was uncaught; handle that now.
+        # Set the data because it was cleared by the main scheduling loop.
+        self.data = value
+        if not hasattr(self, "waiting"):
+            # Nothing await'ed on the task so call the exception handler.
+            core._exc_context["exception"] = value
+            core._exc_context["future"] = self
+            core.Loop.call_exception_handler(core._exc_context)

tests/libs/unittest.py

@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+import sys
+
+
+class SkipTest(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class AssertRaisesContext:
+
+    def __init__(self, exc):
+        self.expected = exc
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
+        if exc_type is None:
+            assert False, "%r not raised" % self.expected
+        if issubclass(exc_type, self.expected):
+            return True
+        return False
+
+
+class TestCase:
+
+    def fail(self, msg=''):
+        assert False, msg
+
+    def assertEqual(self, x, y, msg=''):
+        if not msg:
+            msg = "%r vs (expected) %r" % (x, y)
+        assert x == y, msg
+
+    def assertNotEqual(self, x, y, msg=''):
+        if not msg:
+            msg = "%r not expected to be equal %r" % (x, y)
+        assert x != y, msg
+
+    def assertAlmostEqual(self, x, y, places=None, msg='', delta=None):
+        if x == y:
+            return
+        if delta is not None and places is not None:
+            raise TypeError("specify delta or places not both")
+
+        if delta is not None:
+            if abs(x - y) <= delta:
+                return
+            if not msg:
+                msg = '%r != %r within %r delta' % (x, y, delta)
+        else:
+            if places is None:
+                places = 7
+            if round(abs(y-x), places) == 0:
+                return
+            if not msg:
+                msg = '%r != %r within %r places' % (x, y, places)
+
+        assert False, msg
+
+    def assertNotAlmostEqual(self, x, y, places=None, msg='', delta=None):
+        if delta is not None and places is not None:
+            raise TypeError("specify delta or places not both")
+
+        if delta is not None:
+            if not (x == y) and abs(x - y) > delta:
+                return
+            if not msg:
+                msg = '%r == %r within %r delta' % (x, y, delta)
+        else:
+            if places is None:
+                places = 7
+            if not (x == y) and round(abs(y-x), places) != 0:
+                return
+            if not msg:
+                msg = '%r == %r within %r places' % (x, y, places)
+
+        assert False, msg
+
+    def assertIs(self, x, y, msg=''):
+        if not msg:
+            msg = "%r is not %r" % (x, y)
+        assert x is y, msg
+
+    def assertIsNot(self, x, y, msg=''):
+        if not msg:
+            msg = "%r is %r" % (x, y)
+        assert x is not y, msg
+
+    def assertIsNone(self, x, msg=''):
+        if not msg:
+            msg = "%r is not None" % x
+        assert x is None, msg
+
+    def assertIsNotNone(self, x, msg=''):
+        if not msg:
+            msg = "%r is None" % x
+        assert x is not None, msg
+
+    def assertTrue(self, x, msg=''):
+        if not msg:
+            msg = "Expected %r to be True" % x
+        assert x, msg
+
+    def assertFalse(self, x, msg=''):
+        if not msg:
+            msg = "Expected %r to be False" % x
+        assert not x, msg
+
+    def assertIn(self, x, y, msg=''):
+        if not msg:
+            msg = "Expected %r to be in %r" % (x, y)
+        assert x in y, msg
+
+    def assertIsInstance(self, x, y, msg=''):
+        assert isinstance(x, y), msg
+
+    def assertRaises(self, exc, func=None, *args, **kwargs):
+        if func is None:
+            return AssertRaisesContext(exc)
+
+        try:
+            func(*args, **kwargs)
+            assert False, "%r not raised" % exc
+        except Exception as e:
+            if isinstance(e, exc):
+                return
+            raise
+
+
+
+def skip(msg):
+    def _decor(fun):
+        # We just replace original fun with _inner
+        def _inner(self):
+            raise SkipTest(msg)
+        return _inner
+    return _decor
+
+def skipIf(cond, msg):
+    if not cond:
+        return lambda x: x
+    return skip(msg)
+
+def skipUnless(cond, msg):
+    if cond:
+        return lambda x: x
+    return skip(msg)
+
+
+class TestSuite:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.tests = []
+    def addTest(self, cls):
+        self.tests.append(cls)
+
+class TestRunner:
+    def run(self, suite):
+        res = TestResult()
+        for c in suite.tests:
+            run_class(c, res)
+
+        print("Ran %d tests\n" % res.testsRun)
+        if res.failuresNum > 0 or res.errorsNum > 0:
+            print("FAILED (failures=%d, errors=%d)" % (res.failuresNum, res.errorsNum))
+        else:
+            msg = "OK"
+            if res.skippedNum > 0:
+                msg += " (%d skipped)" % res.skippedNum
+            print(msg)
+
+        return res
+
+class TestResult:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.errorsNum = 0
+        self.failuresNum = 0
+        self.skippedNum = 0
+        self.testsRun = 0
+
+    def wasSuccessful(self):
+        return self.errorsNum == 0 and self.failuresNum == 0
+
+# TODO: Uncompliant
+def run_class(c, test_result):
+    o = c()
+    set_up = getattr(o, "setUp", lambda: None)
+    tear_down = getattr(o, "tearDown", lambda: None)
+    for name in dir(o):
+        if name.startswith("test"):
+            print("%s (%s) ..." % (name, c.__qualname__), end="")
+            m = getattr(o, name)
+            set_up()
+            try:
+                test_result.testsRun += 1
+                m()
+                print(" ok")
+            except SkipTest as e:
+                print(" skipped:", e.args[0])
+                test_result.skippedNum += 1
+            except:
+                print(" FAIL")
+                test_result.failuresNum += 1
+                # Uncomment to investigate failure in detail
+                #raise
+                continue
+            finally:
+                tear_down()
+
+
+def main(module="__main__"):
+    def test_cases(m):
+        for tn in dir(m):
+            c = getattr(m, tn)
+            if isinstance(c, object) and isinstance(c, type) and issubclass(c, TestCase):
+                yield c
+
+    m = __import__(module)
+    suite = TestSuite()
+    for c in test_cases(m):
+        suite.addTest(c)
+    runner = TestRunner()
+    result = runner.run(suite)
+    # Terminate with non zero return code in case of failures
+    sys.exit(result.failuresNum > 0)

tests/microdot/test_microdot.py

@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+import sys
+import unittest
+from microdot import Microdot, Response
+from tests import mock_socket
+
+
+def mock_create_thread(f, *args, **kwargs):
+    f(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class TestMicrodot(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        # mock socket module
+        self.original_socket = sys.modules['microdot'].socket
+        self.original_create_thread = sys.modules['microdot'].create_thread
+        sys.modules['microdot'].socket = mock_socket
+        sys.modules['microdot'].create_thread = mock_create_thread
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        # restore original socket module
+        sys.modules['microdot'].socket = self.original_socket
+        sys.modules['microdot'].create_thread = self.original_create_thread
+
+    def _add_shutdown(self, app):
+        @app.route('/shutdown')
+        def shutdown(req):
+            app.shutdown()
+            return ''
+
+        mock_socket.add_request('GET', '/shutdown')
+
+    def test_get_request(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.route('/')
+        def index(req):
+            return 'foo'
+
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fd = mock_socket.add_request('GET', '/')
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 3\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nfoo'))
+
+    def test_post_request(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.route('/')
+        def index(req):
+            return 'foo'
+
+        @app.route('/', methods=['POST'])
+        def index_post(req):
+            return Response('bar')
+
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fd = mock_socket.add_request('POST', '/')
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 3\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nbar'))
+
+    def test_empty_request(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fd = mock_socket.FakeStream(b'\n')
+        mock_socket._requests.append(fd)
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 400 N/A\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 11\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nBad request'))
+
+    def test_method_decorators(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.get('/get')
+        def get(req):
+            return 'GET'
+
+        @app.post('/post')
+        def post(req):
+            return 'POST'
+
+        @app.put('/put')
+        def put(req):
+            return 'PUT'
+
+        @app.patch('/patch')
+        def patch(req):
+            return 'PATCH'
+
+        @app.delete('/delete')
+        def delete(req):
+            return 'DELETE'
+
+        methods = ['GET', 'POST', 'PUT', 'PATCH', 'DELETE']
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fds = [mock_socket.add_request(method, '/' + method.lower())
+               for method in methods]
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        for fd, method in zip(fds, methods):
+            self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(
+                b'\r\n\r\n' + method.encode()))
+
+    def test_before_after_request(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.before_request
+        def before_request(req):
+            if req.path == '/bar':
+                return 'bar', 202
+            req.g.message = 'baz'
+
+        @app.after_request
+        def after_request_one(req, res):
+            res.headers['X-One'] = '1'
+
+        @app.after_request
+        def after_request_two(req, res):
+            res.set_cookie('foo', 'bar')
+            return res
+
+        @app.route('/bar')
+        def bar(req):
+            return 'foo'
+
+        @app.route('/baz')
+        def baz(req):
+            return req.g.message
+
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fd = mock_socket.add_request('GET', '/bar')
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 202 N/A\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'X-One: 1\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Set-Cookie: foo=bar\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 3\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nbar'))
+
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fd = mock_socket.add_request('GET', '/baz')
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'X-One: 1\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Set-Cookie: foo=bar\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 3\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nbaz'))
+
+    def test_404(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.route('/')
+        def index(req):
+            return 'foo'
+
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fd = mock_socket.add_request('GET', '/foo')
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 404 N/A\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 9\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nNot found'))
+
+    def test_404_handler(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.route('/')
+        def index(req):
+            return 'foo'
+
+        @app.errorhandler(404)
+        def handle_404(req):
+            return '404'
+
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fd = mock_socket.add_request('GET', '/foo')
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 3\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\n404'))
+
+    def test_413(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.route('/')
+        def index(req):
+            return 'foo'
+
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fd = mock_socket.add_request('GET', '/foo', body='x' * 17000)
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 413 N/A\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 17\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nPayload too large'))
+
+    def test_413_handler(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.route('/')
+        def index(req):
+            return 'foo'
+
+        @app.errorhandler(413)
+        def handle_413(req):
+            return '413', 400
+
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fd = mock_socket.add_request('GET', '/foo', body='x' * 17000)
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 400 N/A\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 3\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\n413'))
+
+    def test_500(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.route('/')
+        def index(req):
+            return 1 / 0
+
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fd = mock_socket.add_request('GET', '/')
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 500 N/A\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 21\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nInternal server error'))
+
+    def test_500_handler(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.route('/')
+        def index(req):
+            return 1 / 0
+
+        @app.errorhandler(500)
+        def handle_500(req):
+            return '501', 501
+
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fd = mock_socket.add_request('GET', '/')
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 501 N/A\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 3\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\n501'))
+
+    def test_exception_handler(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.route('/')
+        def index(req):
+            return 1 / 0
+
+        @app.errorhandler(ZeroDivisionError)
+        def handle_div_zero(req, exc):
+            return '501', 501
+
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fd = mock_socket.add_request('GET', '/')
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 501 N/A\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 3\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\n501'))
+
+    def test_streaming(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.route('/')
+        def index(req):
+            def stream():
+                yield 'foo'
+                yield b'bar'
+            return stream()
+
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fd = mock_socket.add_request('GET', '/')
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nfoobar'))

tests/microdot/test_multidict.py

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import unittest
+from microdot import MultiDict
+
+
+class TestMultiDict(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_multidict(self):
+        d = MultiDict()
+
+        assert dict(d) == {}
+        assert d.get('zero') is None
+        assert d.get('zero', default=0) == 0
+        assert d.getlist('zero') == []
+        assert d.getlist('zero', type=int) == []
+
+        d['one'] = 1
+        assert d['one'] == 1
+        assert d.get('one') == 1
+        assert d.get('one', default=2) == 1
+        assert d.get('one', type=int) == 1
+        assert d.get('one', type=str) == '1'
+
+        d['two'] = 1
+        d['two'] = 2
+        assert d['two'] == 1
+        assert d.get('two') == 1
+        assert d.get('two', default=2) == 1
+        assert d.get('two', type=int) == 1
+        assert d.get('two', type=str) == '1'
+        assert d.getlist('two') == [1, 2]
+        assert d.getlist('two', type=int) == [1, 2]
+        assert d.getlist('two', type=str) == ['1', '2']

tests/microdot/test_request.py

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+import unittest
+from microdot import Request, MultiDict
+from tests.mock_socket import get_request_fd
+
+
+class TestRequest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_create_request(self):
+        fd = get_request_fd('GET', '/foo')
+        req = Request.create('app', fd, 'addr')
+        self.assertEqual(req.app, 'app')
+        self.assertEqual(req.client_addr, 'addr')
+        self.assertEqual(req.method, 'GET')
+        self.assertEqual(req.path, '/foo')
+        self.assertEqual(req.http_version, '1.0')
+        self.assertIsNone(req.query_string)
+        self.assertEqual(req.args, {})
+        self.assertEqual(req.headers, {'Host': 'example.com:1234'})
+        self.assertEqual(req.cookies, {})
+        self.assertEqual(req.content_length, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(req.content_type, None)
+        self.assertEqual(req.body, b'')
+        self.assertEqual(req.json, None)
+        self.assertEqual(req.form, None)
+
+    def test_headers(self):
+        fd = get_request_fd('GET', '/foo', headers={
+            'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+            'Cookie': 'foo=bar;abc=def',
+            'Content-Length': '3'}, body='aaa')
+        req = Request.create('app', fd, 'addr')
+        self.assertEqual(req.headers, {
+            'Host': 'example.com:1234',
+            'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+            'Cookie': 'foo=bar;abc=def',
+            'Content-Length': '3'})
+        self.assertEqual(req.content_type, 'application/json')
+        self.assertEqual(req.cookies, {'foo': 'bar', 'abc': 'def'})
+        self.assertEqual(req.content_length, 3)
+        self.assertEqual(req.body, b'aaa')
+
+    def test_args(self):
+        fd = get_request_fd('GET', '/?foo=bar&abc=def&x=%2f%%')
+        req = Request.create('app', fd, 'addr')
+        self.assertEqual(req.query_string, 'foo=bar&abc=def&x=%2f%%')
+        self.assertEqual(req.args, MultiDict(
+            {'foo': 'bar', 'abc': 'def', 'x': '/%%'}))
+
+    def test_json(self):
+        fd = get_request_fd('GET', '/foo', headers={
+            'Content-Type': 'application/json'}, body='{"foo":"bar"}')
+        req = Request.create('app', fd, 'addr')
+        json = req.json
+        self.assertEqual(json, {'foo': 'bar'})
+        self.assertTrue(req.json is json)
+
+        fd = get_request_fd('GET', '/foo', headers={
+            'Content-Type': 'application/json'}, body='[1, "2"]')
+        req = Request.create('app', fd, 'addr')
+        self.assertEqual(req.json, [1, '2'])
+
+        fd = get_request_fd('GET', '/foo', headers={
+            'Content-Type': 'application/xml'}, body='[1, "2"]')
+        req = Request.create('app', fd, 'addr')
+        self.assertIsNone(req.json)
+
+    def test_form(self):
+        fd = get_request_fd('GET', '/foo', headers={
+            'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'},
+            body='foo=bar&abc=def&x=%2f%%')
+        req = Request.create('app', fd, 'addr')
+        form = req.form
+        self.assertEqual(form, MultiDict(
+            {'foo': 'bar', 'abc': 'def', 'x': '/%%'}))
+        self.assertTrue(req.form is form)
+
+        fd = get_request_fd('GET', '/foo', headers={
+            'Content-Type': 'application/json'},
+            body='foo=bar&abc=def&x=%2f%%')
+        req = Request.create('app', fd, 'addr')
+        self.assertIsNone(req.form)
+
+    def test_large_line(self):
+        saved_max_readline = Request.max_readline
+        Request.max_readline = 16
+
+        fd = get_request_fd('GET', '/foo', headers={
+            'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'},
+            body='foo=bar&abc=def&x=y')
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            Request.create('app', fd, 'addr')
+
+        Request.max_readline = saved_max_readline
+
+    def test_stream(self):
+        fd = get_request_fd('GET', '/foo', headers={
+            'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
+            'Content-Length': '19'},
+            body='foo=bar&abc=def&x=y')
+        req = Request.create('app', fd, 'addr')
+        self.assertEqual(req.stream.read(), b'foo=bar&abc=def&x=y')
+        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
+            req.body
+
+    def test_body(self):
+        fd = get_request_fd('GET', '/foo', headers={
+            'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
+            'Content-Length': '19'},
+            body='foo=bar&abc=def&x=y')
+        req = Request.create('app', fd, 'addr')
+        self.assertEqual(req.body, b'foo=bar&abc=def&x=y')
+        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
+            req.stream
+
+    def test_large_payload(self):
+        saved_max_content_length = Request.max_content_length
+        saved_max_body_length = Request.max_body_length
+        Request.max_content_length = 32
+        Request.max_body_length = 16
+
+        fd = get_request_fd('GET', '/foo', headers={
+            'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'},
+            body='foo=bar&abc=def&x=y')
+        req = Request.create('app', fd, 'addr')
+        self.assertEqual(req.body, b'')
+        self.assertEqual(req.stream.read(), b'foo=bar&abc=def&x=y')
+
+        Request.max_content_length = saved_max_content_length
+        Request.max_body_length = saved_max_body_length

tests/microdot/test_response.py

@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+from datetime import datetime
+
+try:
+    import uio as io
+except ImportError:
+    import io
+
+import unittest
+from microdot import Response
+
+
+class TestResponse(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_create_from_string(self):
+        res = Response('foo')
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(res.headers, {})
+        self.assertEqual(res.body, b'foo')
+        fd = io.BytesIO()
+        res.write(fd)
+        response = fd.getvalue()
+        self.assertIn(b'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n', response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 3\r\n', response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', response)
+        self.assertTrue(response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nfoo'))
+
+    def test_create_from_string_with_content_length(self):
+        res = Response('foo', headers={'Content-Length': '2'})
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(res.headers, {'Content-Length': '2'})
+        self.assertEqual(res.body, b'foo')
+        fd = io.BytesIO()
+        res.write(fd)
+        response = fd.getvalue()
+        self.assertIn(b'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n', response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 2\r\n', response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', response)
+        self.assertTrue(response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nfoo'))
+
+    def test_create_from_bytes(self):
+        res = Response(b'foo')
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(res.headers, {})
+        self.assertEqual(res.body, b'foo')
+        fd = io.BytesIO()
+        res.write(fd)
+        response = fd.getvalue()
+        self.assertIn(b'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n', response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 3\r\n', response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', response)
+        self.assertTrue(response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nfoo'))
+
+    def test_create_empty(self):
+        res = Response(headers={'X-Foo': 'Bar'})
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(res.headers, {'X-Foo': 'Bar'})
+        self.assertEqual(res.body, b'')
+        fd = io.BytesIO()
+        res.write(fd)
+        response = fd.getvalue()
+        self.assertIn(b'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n', response)
+        self.assertIn(b'X-Foo: Bar\r\n', response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 0\r\n', response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', response)
+        self.assertTrue(response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\n'))
+
+    def test_create_json(self):
+        res = Response({'foo': 'bar'})
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(res.headers, {'Content-Type': 'application/json'})
+        self.assertEqual(res.body, b'{"foo": "bar"}')
+        fd = io.BytesIO()
+        res.write(fd)
+        response = fd.getvalue()
+        self.assertIn(b'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n', response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 14\r\n', response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: application/json\r\n', response)
+        self.assertTrue(response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\n{"foo": "bar"}'))
+
+        res = Response([1, '2'])
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(res.headers, {'Content-Type': 'application/json'})
+        self.assertEqual(res.body, b'[1, "2"]')
+        fd = io.BytesIO()
+        res.write(fd)
+        response = fd.getvalue()
+        self.assertIn(b'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n', response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 8\r\n', response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: application/json\r\n', response)
+        self.assertTrue(response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\n[1, "2"]'))
+
+    def test_create_from_none(self):
+        res = Response(None)
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 204)
+        self.assertEqual(res.body, b'')
+        fd = io.BytesIO()
+        res.write(fd)
+        response = fd.getvalue()
+        self.assertIn(b'HTTP/1.0 204 N/A\r\n', response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 0\r\n', response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', response)
+        self.assertTrue(response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\n'))
+
+    def test_create_from_other(self):
+        res = Response(123)
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(res.headers, {})
+        self.assertEqual(res.body, 123)
+
+    def test_create_with_status_code(self):
+        res = Response('not found', 404)
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 404)
+        self.assertEqual(res.headers, {})
+        self.assertEqual(res.body, b'not found')
+
+    def test_create_with_headers(self):
+        res = Response('foo', headers={'X-Test': 'Foo'})
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(res.headers, {'X-Test': 'Foo'})
+        self.assertEqual(res.body, b'foo')
+
+    def test_create_with_status_code_and_headers(self):
+        res = Response('foo', 202, {'X-Test': 'Foo'})
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 202)
+        self.assertEqual(res.headers, {'X-Test': 'Foo'})
+        self.assertEqual(res.body, b'foo')
+
+    def test_create_with_reason(self):
+        res = Response('foo', reason='ALL GOOD!')
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(res.headers, {})
+        self.assertEqual(res.reason, 'ALL GOOD!')
+        self.assertEqual(res.body, b'foo')
+        fd = io.BytesIO()
+        res.write(fd)
+        response = fd.getvalue()
+        self.assertIn(b'HTTP/1.0 200 ALL GOOD!\r\n', response)
+
+    def test_create_with_status_and_reason(self):
+        res = Response('not found', 404, reason='NOT FOUND')
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 404)
+        self.assertEqual(res.headers, {})
+        self.assertEqual(res.reason, 'NOT FOUND')
+        self.assertEqual(res.body, b'not found')
+        fd = io.BytesIO()
+        res.write(fd)
+        response = fd.getvalue()
+        self.assertIn(b'HTTP/1.0 404 NOT FOUND\r\n', response)
+
+    def test_cookies(self):
+        res = Response('ok')
+        res.set_cookie('foo1', 'bar1')
+        res.set_cookie('foo2', 'bar2', path='/')
+        res.set_cookie('foo3', 'bar3', domain='example.com:1234')
+        res.set_cookie('foo4', 'bar4',
+                       expires=datetime(2019, 11, 5, 2, 23, 54))
+        res.set_cookie('foo5', 'bar5', max_age=123)
+        res.set_cookie('foo6', 'bar6', secure=True, http_only=True)
+        res.set_cookie('foo7', 'bar7', path='/foo', domain='example.com:1234',
+                       expires=datetime(2019, 11, 5, 2, 23, 54), max_age=123,
+                       secure=True, http_only=True)
+        self.assertEqual(res.headers, {'Set-Cookie': [
+            'foo1=bar1',
+            'foo2=bar2; Path=/',
+            'foo3=bar3; Domain=example.com:1234',
+            'foo4=bar4; Expires=Tue, 05 Nov 2019 02:23:54 GMT',
+            'foo5=bar5; Max-Age=123',
+            'foo6=bar6; Secure; HttpOnly',
+            'foo7=bar7; Path=/foo; Domain=example.com:1234; '
+            'Expires=Tue, 05 Nov 2019 02:23:54 GMT; Max-Age=123; Secure; '
+            'HttpOnly'
+        ]})
+
+    def test_redirect(self):
+        res = Response.redirect('/foo')
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 302)
+        self.assertEqual(res.headers['Location'], '/foo')
+
+        res = Response.redirect('/foo', status_code=301)
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 301)
+        self.assertEqual(res.headers['Location'], '/foo')
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            Response.redirect('/foo\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a<p>Foo</p>')
+
+    def test_send_file(self):
+        files = [
+            ('test.txt', 'text/plain'),
+            ('test.gif', 'image/gif'),
+            ('test.jpg', 'image/jpeg'),
+            ('test.png', 'image/png'),
+            ('test.html', 'text/html'),
+            ('test.css', 'text/css'),
+            ('test.js', 'application/javascript'),
+            ('test.json', 'application/json'),
+            ('test.bin', 'application/octet-stream'),
+        ]
+        for file, content_type in files:
+            res = Response.send_file('tests/files/' + file)
+            self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
+            self.assertEqual(res.headers['Content-Type'], content_type)
+            fd = io.BytesIO()
+            res.write(fd)
+            response = fd.getvalue()
+            self.assertEqual(response, (
+                b'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: ' + content_type.encode()
+                + b'\r\n\r\nfoo\n'))
+        res = Response.send_file('tests/files/test.txt',
+                                 content_type='text/html')
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(res.headers['Content-Type'], 'text/html')
+        fd = io.BytesIO()
+        res.write(fd)
+        response = fd.getvalue()
+        self.assertEqual(
+            response,
+            b'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\n\r\nfoo\n')
+
+    def test_send_file_small_buffer(self):
+        original_buffer_size = Response.send_file_buffer_size
+        Response.send_file_buffer_size = 2
+        res = Response.send_file('tests/files/test.txt',
+                                 content_type='text/html')
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(res.headers['Content-Type'], 'text/html')
+        fd = io.BytesIO()
+        res.write(fd)
+        response = fd.getvalue()
+        self.assertEqual(
+            response,
+            b'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\n\r\nfoo\n')
+        Response.send_file_buffer_size = original_buffer_size

tests/microdot/test_url_pattern.py

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+import unittest
+from microdot import URLPattern
+
+
+class TestURLPattern(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_static(self):
+        p = URLPattern('/')
+        self.assertEqual(p.match('/'), {})
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/foo'))
+
+        p = URLPattern('/foo/bar')
+        self.assertEqual(p.match('/foo/bar'), {})
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/foo'))
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/foo/bar/'))
+
+        p = URLPattern('/foo//bar/baz/')
+        self.assertEqual(p.match('/foo//bar/baz/'), {})
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/foo/bar/baz/'))
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/foo'))
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/foo/bar/baz'))
+
+    def test_string_argument(self):
+        p = URLPattern('/<arg>')
+        self.assertEqual(p.match('/foo'), {'arg': 'foo'})
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/'))
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/foo/'))
+
+        p = URLPattern('/<arg>/')
+        self.assertEqual(p.match('/foo/'), {'arg': 'foo'})
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/'))
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/foo'))
+
+        p = URLPattern('/<string:arg>')
+        self.assertEqual(p.match('/foo'), {'arg': 'foo'})
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/'))
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/foo/'))
+
+        p = URLPattern('/<string:arg>/')
+        self.assertEqual(p.match('/foo/'), {'arg': 'foo'})
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/'))
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/foo'))
+
+        p = URLPattern('/foo/<arg1>/bar/<arg2>')
+        self.assertEqual(p.match('/foo/one/bar/two'),
+                         {'arg1': 'one', 'arg2': 'two'})
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/'))
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/foo/'))
+
+    def test_int_argument(self):
+        p = URLPattern('/users/<int:id>')
+        self.assertEqual(p.match('/users/123'), {'id': 123})
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/users/'))
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/users/abc'))
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/users/123abc'))
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/users/123/abc'))
+
+        p = URLPattern('/users/<int:id>/<int:id2>/')
+        self.assertEqual(p.match('/users/123/456/'), {'id': 123, 'id2': 456})
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/users/'))
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/users/123/456'))
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/users/123/abc/'))
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/users/123/456/abc'))
+
+    def test_path_argument(self):
+        p = URLPattern('/users/<path:path>')
+        self.assertEqual(p.match('/users/123'), {'path': '123'})
+        self.assertEqual(p.match('/users/123/'), {'path': '123/'})
+        self.assertEqual(p.match('/users/abc/def'), {'path': 'abc/def'})
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/users/'))
+
+        p = URLPattern('/users/<path:path>/foo')
+        self.assertEqual(p.match('/users/123/foo'), {'path': '123'})
+        self.assertEqual(p.match('/users/foo/foo'), {'path': 'foo'})
+        self.assertEqual(p.match('/users/abc/def/foo'), {'path': 'abc/def'})
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/users/'))
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/users/foo'))
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/users/foo/'))
+
+    def test_regex_argument(self):
+        p = URLPattern('/users/<re:[a-c]+:id>')
+        self.assertEqual(p.match('/users/ab'), {'id': 'ab'})
+        self.assertEqual(p.match('/users/bca'), {'id': 'bca'})
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/users/abcd'))
+
+    def test_many_arguments(self):
+        p = URLPattern('/foo/<path:path>/<int:id>/bar/<name>')
+        self.assertEqual(p.match('/foo/abc/def/123/bar/test'),
+                         {'path': 'abc/def', 'id': 123, 'name': 'test'})
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/foo/123/bar/test'))
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/foo/abc/def/ghi/bar/test'))
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/foo/abc/def/123/bar'))
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/foo/abc/def/123/bar/'))
+        self.assertIsNone(p.match('/foo/abc/def/123/test'))
+
+    def test_invalid_url_patterns(self):
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, URLPattern, '/users/<foo/bar')
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, URLPattern, '/users/<badtype:id>')

tests/microdot_asgi/test_microdot_asgi.py

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+import unittest
+import sys
+
+try:
+    import asyncio
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+try:
+    from unittest import mock
+except ImportError:
+    mock = None
+
+from microdot_asgi import Microdot, Response
+from tests import mock_asyncio
+
+
+@unittest.skipIf(sys.implementation.name == 'micropython',
+                 'not supported under MicroPython')
+class TestMicrodotASGI(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_asgi_request_with_query_string(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.post('/foo/bar')
+        async def index(req):
+            self.assertEqual(req.app, app)
+            self.assertEqual(req.client_addr, ('1.2.3.4', 1234))
+            self.assertEqual(req.method, 'POST')
+            self.assertEqual(req.http_version, 'HTTP/1.1')
+            self.assertEqual(req.path, '/foo/bar')
+            self.assertEqual(req.args, {'baz': ['1']})
+            self.assertEqual(req.cookies, {'session': 'xyz'})
+            self.assertEqual(req.body, b'body')
+
+            class R:
+                def __init__(self):
+                    self.i = 0
+                    self.body = [b're', b'sp', b'on', b'se', b'']
+
+                async def read(self, n):
+                    data = self.body[self.i]
+                    self.i += 1
+                    return data
+
+            return Response(body=R(), headers={'Content-Length': '8'})
+
+        scope = {
+            'type': 'http',
+            'path': '/foo/bar',
+            'query_string': b'baz=1',
+            'headers': [('Authorization', 'Bearer 123'),
+                        ('Cookie', 'session=xyz'),
+                        ('Content-Length', 4)],
+            'client': ['1.2.3.4', 1234],
+            'method': 'POST',
+            'http_version': '1.1',
+        }
+
+        event_index = 0
+
+        async def receive():
+            nonlocal event_index
+
+            if event_index == 0:
+                event_index = 1
+                return {
+                    'type': 'http.request',
+                    'body': b'body',
+                    'more_body': False,
+                }
+
+            await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+            return {
+                'type': 'http.disconnect',
+            }
+
+        async def send(packet):
+            if packet['type'] == 'http.response.start':
+                self.assertEqual(packet['status'], 200)
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    packet['headers'],
+                    [('Content-Length', '8'), ('Content-Type', 'text/plain')])
+            elif packet['type'] == 'http.response.body':
+                self.assertIn(packet['body'],
+                              [b're', b'sp', b'on', b'se', b''])
+
+        original_buffer_size = Response.send_file_buffer_size
+        Response.send_file_buffer_size = 2
+
+        mock_asyncio.run(app(scope, receive, send))
+
+        Response.send_file_buffer_size = original_buffer_size
+
+    def test_wsgi_request_without_query_string(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.route('/foo/bar')
+        async def index(req):
+            self.assertEqual(req.path, '/foo/bar')
+            self.assertEqual(req.args, {})
+            return 'response'
+
+        scope = {
+            'type': 'http',
+            'path': '/foo/bar',
+            'headers': [('Authorization', 'Bearer 123'),
+                        ('Cookie', 'session=xyz'),
+                        ('Content-Length', 4)],
+            'client': ['1.2.3.4', 1234],
+            'method': 'POST',
+            'http_version': '1.1',
+        }
+
+        event_index = 0
+
+        async def receive():
+            nonlocal event_index
+
+            if event_index == 0:
+                event_index = 1
+                return {
+                    'type': 'http.request',
+                    'body': b'body',
+                    'more_body': False,
+                }
+
+            await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+            return {
+                'type': 'http.disconnect',
+            }
+
+        async def send(packet):
+            pass
+
+        mock_asyncio.run(app(scope, receive, send))
+
+    def test_shutdown(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.route('/shutdown')
+        async def shutdown(request):
+            request.app.shutdown()
+
+        scope = {
+            'type': 'http',
+            'path': '/shutdown',
+            'client': ['1.2.3.4', 1234],
+            'method': 'GET',
+            'http_version': '1.1',
+        }
+
+        async def receive():
+            pass
+
+        async def send(packet):
+            pass
+
+        with mock.patch('microdot_asgi.os.kill') as kill:
+            mock_asyncio.run(app(scope, receive, send))
+
+        kill.assert_called()

tests/microdot_asyncio/test_microdot_asyncio.py

@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+import sys
+import unittest
+from microdot_asyncio import Microdot, Response
+from tests import mock_asyncio, mock_socket
+
+
+class TestMicrodotAsync(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        # mock socket module
+        self.original_asyncio = sys.modules['microdot_asyncio'].asyncio
+        sys.modules['microdot_asyncio'].asyncio = mock_asyncio
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        # restore original socket module
+        sys.modules['microdot_asyncio'].asyncio = self.original_asyncio
+
+    def _add_shutdown(self, app):
+        @app.route('/shutdown')
+        def shutdown(req):
+            app.shutdown()
+            return ''
+
+        mock_socket.add_request('GET', '/shutdown')
+
+    def test_get_request(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.route('/')
+        def index(req):
+            return 'foo'
+
+        @app.route('/async')
+        async def index2(req):
+            return 'foo-async'
+
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fd = mock_socket.add_request('GET', '/')
+        fd2 = mock_socket.add_request('GET', '/async')
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 3\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nfoo'))
+        self.assertTrue(fd2.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 9\r\n', fd2.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd2.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd2.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nfoo-async'))
+
+    def test_post_request(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.route('/')
+        def index(req):
+            return 'foo'
+
+        @app.route('/', methods=['POST'])
+        def index_post(req):
+            return Response('bar')
+
+        @app.route('/async', methods=['POST'])
+        async def index_post2(req):
+            return Response('bar-async')
+
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fd = mock_socket.add_request('POST', '/')
+        fd2 = mock_socket.add_request('POST', '/async')
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 3\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nbar'))
+        self.assertTrue(fd2.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 9\r\n', fd2.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd2.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd2.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nbar-async'))
+
+    def test_empty_request(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fd = mock_socket.FakeStream(b'\n')
+        mock_socket._requests.append(fd)
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 400 N/A\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 11\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nBad request'))
+
+    def test_before_after_request(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.before_request
+        def before_request(req):
+            if req.path == '/bar':
+                return 'bar', 202
+            req.g.message = 'baz'
+
+        @app.after_request
+        def after_request_one(req, res):
+            res.headers['X-One'] = '1'
+
+        @app.after_request
+        async def after_request_two(req, res):
+            res.set_cookie('foo', 'bar')
+            return res
+
+        @app.route('/bar')
+        def bar(req):
+            return 'foo'
+
+        @app.route('/baz')
+        def baz(req):
+            return req.g.message
+
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fd = mock_socket.add_request('GET', '/bar')
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 202 N/A\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'X-One: 1\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Set-Cookie: foo=bar\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 3\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nbar'))
+
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fd = mock_socket.add_request('GET', '/baz')
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'X-One: 1\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Set-Cookie: foo=bar\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 3\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nbaz'))
+
+    def test_404(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.route('/')
+        def index(req):
+            return 'foo'
+
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fd = mock_socket.add_request('GET', '/foo')
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 404 N/A\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 9\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nNot found'))
+
+    def test_404_handler(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.route('/')
+        def index(req):
+            return 'foo'
+
+        @app.errorhandler(404)
+        async def handle_404(req):
+            return '404'
+
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fd = mock_socket.add_request('GET', '/foo')
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 3\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\n404'))
+
+    def test_413(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.route('/')
+        def index(req):
+            return 'foo'
+
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fd = mock_socket.add_request('GET', '/foo', body='x' * 17000)
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 413 N/A\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 17\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nPayload too large'))
+
+    def test_413_handler(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.route('/')
+        def index(req):
+            return 'foo'
+
+        @app.errorhandler(413)
+        async def handle_413(req):
+            return '413', 400
+
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fd = mock_socket.add_request('GET', '/foo', body='x' * 17000)
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 400 N/A\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 3\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\n413'))
+
+    def test_500(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.route('/')
+        def index(req):
+            return 1 / 0
+
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fd = mock_socket.add_request('GET', '/')
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 500 N/A\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 21\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nInternal server error'))
+
+    def test_500_handler(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.route('/')
+        def index(req):
+            return 1 / 0
+
+        @app.errorhandler(500)
+        def handle_500(req):
+            return '501', 501
+
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fd = mock_socket.add_request('GET', '/')
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 501 N/A\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 3\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\n501'))
+
+    def test_exception_handler(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.route('/')
+        def index(req):
+            return 1 / 0
+
+        @app.errorhandler(ZeroDivisionError)
+        async def handle_div_zero(req, exc):
+            return '501', 501
+
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fd = mock_socket.add_request('GET', '/')
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 501 N/A\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 3\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\n501'))
+
+    def test_streaming(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.route('/')
+        def index(req):
+            class stream():
+                def __init__(self):
+                    self.i = 0
+                    self.data = ['foo', b'bar']
+
+                def __aiter__(self):
+                    return self
+
+                async def __anext__(self):
+                    if self.i >= len(self.data):
+                        raise StopAsyncIteration
+                    data = self.data[self.i]
+                    self.i += 1
+                    return data
+
+            return stream()
+
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fd = mock_socket.add_request('GET', '/')
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nfoobar'))

tests/microdot_asyncio/test_request_asyncio.py

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+try:
+    import uasyncio as asyncio
+except ImportError:
+    import asyncio
+
+import unittest
+from microdot import MultiDict
+from microdot_asyncio import Request
+from tests.mock_socket import get_async_request_fd
+
+
+def _run(coro):
+    return asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(coro)
+
+
+class TestRequestAsync(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_create_request(self):
+        fd = get_async_request_fd('GET', '/foo')
+        req = _run(Request.create('app', fd, 'addr'))
+        self.assertEqual(req.app, 'app')
+        self.assertEqual(req.client_addr, 'addr')
+        self.assertEqual(req.method, 'GET')
+        self.assertEqual(req.path, '/foo')
+        self.assertEqual(req.http_version, '1.0')
+        self.assertIsNone(req.query_string)
+        self.assertEqual(req.args, {})
+        self.assertEqual(req.headers, {'Host': 'example.com:1234'})
+        self.assertEqual(req.cookies, {})
+        self.assertEqual(req.content_length, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(req.content_type, None)
+        self.assertEqual(req.body, b'')
+        self.assertEqual(req.json, None)
+        self.assertEqual(req.form, None)
+
+    def test_headers(self):
+        fd = get_async_request_fd('GET', '/foo', headers={
+            'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+            'Cookie': 'foo=bar;abc=def',
+            'Content-Length': '3'}, body='aaa')
+        req = _run(Request.create('app', fd, 'addr'))
+        self.assertEqual(req.headers, {
+            'Host': 'example.com:1234',
+            'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+            'Cookie': 'foo=bar;abc=def',
+            'Content-Length': '3'})
+        self.assertEqual(req.content_type, 'application/json')
+        self.assertEqual(req.cookies, {'foo': 'bar', 'abc': 'def'})
+        self.assertEqual(req.content_length, 3)
+        self.assertEqual(req.body, b'aaa')
+
+    def test_args(self):
+        fd = get_async_request_fd('GET', '/?foo=bar&abc=def&x=%2f%%')
+        req = _run(Request.create('app', fd, 'addr'))
+        self.assertEqual(req.query_string, 'foo=bar&abc=def&x=%2f%%')
+        self.assertEqual(req.args, MultiDict(
+            {'foo': 'bar', 'abc': 'def', 'x': '/%%'}))
+
+    def test_json(self):
+        fd = get_async_request_fd('GET', '/foo', headers={
+            'Content-Type': 'application/json'}, body='{"foo":"bar"}')
+        req = _run(Request.create('app', fd, 'addr'))
+        json = req.json
+        self.assertEqual(json, {'foo': 'bar'})
+        self.assertTrue(req.json is json)
+
+        fd = get_async_request_fd('GET', '/foo', headers={
+            'Content-Type': 'application/json'}, body='[1, "2"]')
+        req = _run(Request.create('app', fd, 'addr'))
+        self.assertEqual(req.json, [1, '2'])
+
+        fd = get_async_request_fd('GET', '/foo', headers={
+            'Content-Type': 'application/xml'}, body='[1, "2"]')
+        req = _run(Request.create('app', fd, 'addr'))
+        self.assertIsNone(req.json)
+
+    def test_form(self):
+        fd = get_async_request_fd('GET', '/foo', headers={
+            'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'},
+            body='foo=bar&abc=def&x=%2f%%')
+        req = _run(Request.create('app', fd, 'addr'))
+        form = req.form
+        self.assertEqual(form, MultiDict(
+            {'foo': 'bar', 'abc': 'def', 'x': '/%%'}))
+        self.assertTrue(req.form is form)
+
+        fd = get_async_request_fd('GET', '/foo', headers={
+            'Content-Type': 'application/json'},
+            body='foo=bar&abc=def&x=%2f%%')
+        req = _run(Request.create('app', fd, 'addr'))
+        self.assertIsNone(req.form)
+
+    def test_large_line(self):
+        saved_max_readline = Request.max_readline
+        Request.max_readline = 16
+
+        fd = get_async_request_fd('GET', '/foo', headers={
+            'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'},
+            body='foo=bar&abc=def&x=y')
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            _run(Request.create('app', fd, 'addr'))
+
+        Request.max_readline = saved_max_readline
+
+    def test_stream(self):
+        fd = get_async_request_fd('GET', '/foo', headers={
+            'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
+            'Content-Length': '19'},
+            body='foo=bar&abc=def&x=y')
+        req = _run(Request.create('app', fd, 'addr'))
+        self.assertEqual(req.body, b'foo=bar&abc=def&x=y')
+        data = _run(req.stream.read())
+        self.assertEqual(data, b'foo=bar&abc=def&x=y')
+
+    def test_large_payload(self):
+        saved_max_content_length = Request.max_content_length
+        saved_max_body_length = Request.max_body_length
+        Request.max_content_length = 32
+        Request.max_body_length = 16
+
+        fd = get_async_request_fd('GET', '/foo', headers={
+            'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
+            'Content-Length': '19'},
+            body='foo=bar&abc=def&x=y')
+        req = _run(Request.create('app', fd, 'addr'))
+        self.assertEqual(req.body, b'')
+        data = _run(req.stream.read())
+        self.assertEqual(data, b'foo=bar&abc=def&x=y')
+
+        Request.max_content_length = saved_max_content_length
+        Request.max_body_length = saved_max_body_length

tests/microdot_asyncio/test_response_asyncio.py

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+try:
+    import uasyncio as asyncio
+except ImportError:
+    import asyncio
+
+import unittest
+from microdot_asyncio import Response
+from tests.mock_socket import FakeStreamAsync
+
+
+def _run(coro):
+    return asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(coro)
+
+
+class TestResponseAsync(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_create_from_string(self):
+        res = Response('foo')
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(res.headers, {})
+        self.assertEqual(res.body, b'foo')
+        fd = FakeStreamAsync()
+        _run(res.write(fd))
+        self.assertIn(b'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 3\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nfoo'))
+
+    def test_create_from_string_with_content_length(self):
+        res = Response('foo', headers={'Content-Length': '2'})
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(res.headers, {'Content-Length': '2'})
+        self.assertEqual(res.body, b'foo')
+        fd = FakeStreamAsync()
+        _run(res.write(fd))
+        self.assertIn(b'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 2\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nfoo'))
+
+    def test_create_from_bytes(self):
+        res = Response(b'foo')
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(res.headers, {})
+        self.assertEqual(res.body, b'foo')
+        fd = FakeStreamAsync()
+        _run(res.write(fd))
+        self.assertIn(b'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 3\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nfoo'))
+
+    def test_create_empty(self):
+        res = Response(headers={'X-Foo': 'Bar'})
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(res.headers, {'X-Foo': 'Bar'})
+        self.assertEqual(res.body, b'')
+        fd = FakeStreamAsync()
+        _run(res.write(fd))
+        self.assertIn(b'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'X-Foo: Bar\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 0\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\n'))
+
+    def test_create_json(self):
+        res = Response({'foo': 'bar'})
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(res.headers, {'Content-Type': 'application/json'})
+        self.assertEqual(res.body, b'{"foo": "bar"}')
+        fd = FakeStreamAsync()
+        _run(res.write(fd))
+        self.assertIn(b'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 14\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: application/json\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\n{"foo": "bar"}'))
+
+        res = Response([1, '2'])
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(res.headers, {'Content-Type': 'application/json'})
+        self.assertEqual(res.body, b'[1, "2"]')
+        fd = FakeStreamAsync()
+        _run(res.write(fd))
+        self.assertIn(b'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 8\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: application/json\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\n[1, "2"]'))
+
+    def test_create_with_reason(self):
+        res = Response('foo', reason='ALL GOOD!')
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(res.headers, {})
+        self.assertEqual(res.reason, 'ALL GOOD!')
+        self.assertEqual(res.body, b'foo')
+        fd = FakeStreamAsync()
+        _run(res.write(fd))
+        self.assertIn(b'HTTP/1.0 200 ALL GOOD!\r\n', fd.response)
+
+    def test_create_with_status_and_reason(self):
+        res = Response('not found', 404, reason='NOT FOUND')
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 404)
+        self.assertEqual(res.headers, {})
+        self.assertEqual(res.reason, 'NOT FOUND')
+        self.assertEqual(res.body, b'not found')
+        fd = FakeStreamAsync()
+        _run(res.write(fd))
+        self.assertIn(b'HTTP/1.0 404 NOT FOUND\r\n', fd.response)
+
+    def test_send_file(self):
+        res = Response.send_file('tests/files/test.txt',
+                                 content_type='text/html')
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(res.headers['Content-Type'], 'text/html')
+        fd = FakeStreamAsync()
+        _run(res.write(fd))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            fd.response,
+            b'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\n\r\nfoo\n')
+
+    def test_send_file_small_buffer(self):
+        original_buffer_size = Response.send_file_buffer_size
+        Response.send_file_buffer_size = 2
+        res = Response.send_file('tests/files/test.txt',
+                                 content_type='text/html')
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(res.headers['Content-Type'], 'text/html')
+        fd = FakeStreamAsync()
+        _run(res.write(fd))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            fd.response,
+            b'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\n\r\nfoo\n')
+        Response.send_file_buffer_size = original_buffer_size

tests/microdot_wsgi/test_microdot_wsgi.py

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+import unittest
+import sys
+
+try:
+    import uio as io
+except ImportError:
+    import io
+
+try:
+    from unittest import mock
+except ImportError:
+    mock = None
+
+from microdot_wsgi import Microdot
+
+
+@unittest.skipIf(sys.implementation.name == 'micropython',
+                 'not supported under MicroPython')
+class TestMicrodotWSGI(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_wsgi_request_with_query_string(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.post('/foo/bar')
+        def index(req):
+            self.assertEqual(req.app, app)
+            self.assertEqual(req.client_addr, ('1.2.3.4', 1234))
+            self.assertEqual(req.method, 'POST')
+            self.assertEqual(req.http_version, 'HTTP/1.1')
+            self.assertEqual(req.path, '/foo/bar')
+            self.assertEqual(req.args, {'baz': ['1']})
+            self.assertEqual(req.cookies, {'session': 'xyz'})
+            self.assertEqual(req.body, b'body')
+            return 'response'
+
+        environ = {
+            'SCRIPT_NAME': '/foo',
+            'PATH_INFO': '/bar',
+            'QUERY_STRING': 'baz=1',
+            'HTTP_AUTHORIZATION': 'Bearer 123',
+            'HTTP_COOKIE': 'session=xyz',
+            'HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH': '4',
+            'REMOTE_ADDR': '1.2.3.4',
+            'REMOTE_PORT': '1234',
+            'REQUEST_METHOD': 'POST',
+            'SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/1.1',
+            'wsgi.input': io.BytesIO(b'body'),
+        }
+
+        def start_response(status, headers):
+            self.assertEqual(status, '200 OK')
+            self.assertEqual(
+                headers,
+                [('Content-Length', '8'), ('Content-Type', 'text/plain')])
+
+        r = app(environ, start_response)
+        self.assertEqual(next(r), b'response')
+
+    def test_wsgi_request_without_query_string(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.route('/foo/bar')
+        def index(req):
+            self.assertEqual(req.path, '/foo/bar')
+            self.assertEqual(req.args, {})
+            return 'response'
+
+        environ = {
+            'SCRIPT_NAME': '/foo',
+            'PATH_INFO': '/bar',
+            'REMOTE_ADDR': '1.2.3.4',
+            'REMOTE_PORT': '1234',
+            'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET',
+            'SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/1.1',
+            'wsgi.input': io.BytesIO(b''),
+        }
+
+        def start_response(status, headers):
+            pass
+
+        app(environ, start_response)
+
+    def test_shutdown(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.route('/shutdown')
+        def shutdown(request):
+            request.app.shutdown()
+
+        environ = {
+            'PATH_INFO': '/shutdown',
+            'REMOTE_ADDR': '1.2.3.4',
+            'REMOTE_PORT': '1234',
+            'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET',
+            'SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/1.1',
+            'wsgi.input': io.BytesIO(b''),
+        }
+
+        def start_response(status, headers):
+            pass
+
+        with mock.patch('microdot_wsgi.os.kill') as kill:
+            app(environ, start_response)
+
+        kill.assert_called()

tests/mock_asyncio.py

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+try:
+    import uasyncio as asyncio
+except ImportError:
+    import asyncio
+
+from tests import mock_socket
+
+
+def get_event_loop():
+    return asyncio.get_event_loop()
+
+
+async def start_server(cb, host, port):
+    class MockServer:
+        def __init__(self):
+            self.closed = False
+
+        async def run(self):
+            s = mock_socket.socket()
+            while not self.closed:
+                fd, addr = s.accept()
+                fd = mock_socket.FakeStreamAsync(fd)
+                await cb(fd, fd)
+
+        def close(self):
+            self.closed = True
+
+        async def wait_closed(self):
+            while not self.closed:
+                await asyncio.sleep(0.01)
+
+    server = MockServer()
+    asyncio.get_event_loop().create_task(server.run())
+    return server
+
+
+def run(coro):
+    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+    return loop.run_until_complete(coro)

tests/mock_socket.py

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+try:
+    import uio as io
+except ImportError:
+    import io
+
+SOL_SOCKET = 'SOL_SOCKET'
+SO_REUSEADDR = 'SO_REUSEADDR'
+
+_requests = []
+
+
+def getaddrinfo(host, port):
+    return (('family', 'addr'), 'socktype', 'proto', 'canonname', 'sockaddr')
+
+
+class socket:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.request_index = 0
+
+    def setsockopt(self, level, optname, value):
+        pass
+
+    def bind(self, addr):
+        pass
+
+    def listen(self, backlog):
+        pass
+
+    def accept(self):
+        self.request_index += 1
+        return _requests[self.request_index - 1], 'addr'
+
+    def close(self):
+        pass
+
+
+class FakeStream(io.BytesIO):
+    def __init__(self, input_data):
+        super().__init__(input_data)
+        self.response = b''
+
+    def write(self, data):
+        self.response += data
+
+
+class FakeStreamAsync:
+    def __init__(self, stream=None):
+        if stream is None:
+            stream = FakeStream(b'')
+        self.stream = stream
+
+    @property
+    def response(self):
+        return self.stream.response
+
+    async def readline(self):
+        return self.stream.readline()
+
+    async def read(self, n=-1):
+        return self.stream.read(n)
+
+    async def readexactly(self, n):
+        return self.stream.read(n)
+
+    async def awrite(self, data):
+        self.stream.write(data)
+
+    async def aclose(self):
+        pass
+
+    def get_extra_info(self, name, default=None):
+        return name
+
+
+def get_request_fd(method, path, headers=None, body=None):
+    if headers is None:
+        headers = {}
+    if body is None:
+        body = ''
+    elif 'Content-Length' not in headers:
+        headers['Content-Length'] = str(len(body))
+    request_bytes = '{method} {path} HTTP/1.0\n'.format(
+        method=method, path=path)
+    if 'Host' not in headers:
+        headers['Host'] = 'example.com:1234'
+    for header, value in headers.items():
+        request_bytes += '{header}: {value}\n'.format(
+            header=header, value=value)
+    request_bytes += '\n' + body
+    return FakeStream(request_bytes.encode())
+
+
+def get_async_request_fd(method, path, headers=None, body=None):
+    fd = get_request_fd(method, path, headers=headers, body=body)
+    return FakeStreamAsync(fd)
+
+
+def clear_requests():
+    _requests.clear()
+
+
+def add_request(method, path, headers=None, body=None):
+    fd = get_request_fd(method, path, headers=headers, body=body)
+    _requests.append(fd)
+    return fd

tools/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+FROM ubuntu:latest
+
+ARG DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+
+RUN apt-get update && \
+    apt-get install -y build-essential libffi-dev git pkg-config python python3 && \
+    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* && \
+    git clone https://github.com/micropython/micropython.git && \
+    cd micropython && \
+    git checkout v1.15 && \
+    git submodule update --init && \
+    cd mpy-cross && \
+    make && \
+    cd .. && \
+    cd ports/unix && \
+    make axtls && \
+    make && \
+    make test && \
+    make install && \
+    apt-get purge --auto-remove -y  build-essential libffi-dev git pkg-config python python3 && \
+    cd ../../.. && \
+    rm -rf micropython
+
+CMD ["/usr/local/bin/micropython"]
+

tools/update-micropython.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# this script updates the micropython binary in the /bin directory that is
+# used to run unit tests under GitHub Actions builds
+docker build -t micropython .
+docker create -it --name dummy-micropython micropython
+docker cp dummy-micropython:/usr/local/bin/micropython ../bin/micropython
+docker rm dummy-micropython

tox.ini

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+[tox]
+envlist=flake8,py36,py37,py38,py39,py310,upy
+skipsdist=True
+skip_missing_interpreters=True
+
+[gh-actions]
+python =
+    3.6: py36
+    3.7: py37
+    3.8: py38
+    3.9: py39
+    3.10: py310
+    pypy3: pypy3
+
+[testenv]
+commands=
+    pip install -e .
+    pytest -p no:logging --cov=src --cov-branch --cov-report=term-missing
+deps=
+    pytest
+    pytest-cov
+
+[testenv:flake8]
+deps=
+    flake8
+commands=
+    flake8 --ignore=W503 --exclude tests/libs src tests examples
+
+[testenv:upy]
+whitelist_externals=sh
+commands=sh -c "bin/micropython run_tests.py"
+
+[testenv:upy-mac]
+whitelist_externals=micropython
+commands=micropython run_tests.py
+deps=