Release 0.7.2

Fixes #21

.github/workflows/tests.yml

@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ name: build
 on:
   push:
     branches:
-      - master
+      - main
   pull_request:
     branches:
-      - master
+      - main
 jobs:
   lint:
     name: lint

CHANGES.md

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+# Microdot change log
+
+**Release 0.7.2** - 2021-09-28
+
+- Document a security risk in the send_file function ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/d29ed6aaa1f2080fcf471bf6ae0f480f95ff1716)) (thanks **Ky Tran**!)
+- Validate redirect URLs ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/8e5fb92ff1ccd50972b0c1cb5a6c3bd5eb54d86b)) (thanks **Ky Tran**!)
+- Return a 400 error when request object could not be created ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/06015934b834622d39f52b3e13d16bfee9dc8e5a))
+
+**Release 0.7.1** - 2021-09-27
+
+- Breaking change: Limit the size of each request line to 2KB. A different maximum can be set in `Request.max_readline`. ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/de9c991a9ab836d57d5c08bf4282f99f073b502a)) (thanks **Ky Tran**!)
+
+**Release 0.7.0** - 2021-09-27
+
+- Breaking change: Limit the size of the request body to 16KB. A different maximum can be set in `Request.max_content_length`. ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/5003a5b3d948a7cf365857b419bebf6e388593a1))
+- Add documentation for `request.client_addr` [#27](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/issues/27) ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/833fecb105ce456b95f1d2a6ea96dceca1075814)) (thanks **Mark Blakeney**!)
+- Added documentation for reason argument in the Response object ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/d527bdb7c32ab918a1ecf6956cf3a9f544504354))
+
+**Release 0.6.0** - 2021-08-11
+
+- Better handling of content types in form and json methods [#24](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/issues/24) ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/da32f23e35f871470a40638e7000e84b0ff6d17f))
+- Accept a custom reason phrase for the HTTP response [#25](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/issues/25) ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/bd74bcab74f283c89aadffc8f9c20d6ff0f771ce))
+- Make mime type check for form submissions more robust ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/dd3fc20507715a23d0fa6fa3aae3715c8fbc0351))
+- Copy client headers to avoid write back [#23](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/issues/23) ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/0641466faa9dda0c54f78939ac05993c0812e84a)) (thanks **Mark Blakeney**!)
+- Work around a bug in uasyncio's create_server() function ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/46963ba4644d7abc8dc653c99bc76222af526964))
+- More unit tests ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/5cd3ace5166ec549579b0b1149ae3d7be195974a))
+- Installation instructions ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/1a8db51cb3754308da6dcc227512dcdeb4ce4557))
+- Run tests with pytest ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/8b4ebbd9535b3c083fb2a955284609acba07f05e))
+- Deprecated the microdot-asyncio package ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/a82ed55f56e14fbcea93e8171af86ab42657fa96))
+
+**Release 0.5.0** - 2021-06-06
+
+- [Documentation](https://microdot.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) site ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/12cd60305b7b48ab151da52661fc5988684dbcd8))
+- Support duplicate arguments in query string and form submissions [#21](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/issues/21) ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/b0c25a1a7298189373be5df1668e0afb5532cdaf))
+- Merge `microdot-asyncio` package with `microdot` ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/b7b881e3c7f1c6ede6546e498737e93928425c30))
+- Added a change log ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/9955ac99a6ac20308644f02d6e6e32847d28b70c))
+- Improve project structure ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/4b101d15971fa2883d187f0bab0be999ae30b583))
+
+**Release v0.4.0** - 2021-06-04
+
+- Add HTTP method-specific route decorators ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/a3288a63ed45f700f79b67d0b57fc4dd20e844c1))
+- Server shutdown [#19](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/issues/19) ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/0ad538df91f8b6b8a3885aa602c014ee7fe4526b))
+- Update microypthon binary for tests to 1.15 ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/3bd7fe8cea4598a7dbd0efcb9c6ce57ec2b79f9c))
+
+**Release v0.3.1** - 2021-02-06
+
+- Support large downloads in send_file [#3](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/issues/3) ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/3e29af57753dbb7961ff98719a4fc4f71c0b4e3e))
+- Move socket import and add simple hello example [#12](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/issues/12) ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/c5e1873523b609680ff67d7abfada72568272250)) (thanks **Damien George**!)
+- Update python versions to build ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/dfbe2edd797153fc9be40bc1928d93bdee7e7be5))
+- Handle Chrome preconnect [#8](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/issues/8) ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/125af4b4a92b1d78acfa9d57ad2f507e759b6938)) (thanks **Ricardo Mendonça Ferreira**!)
+- Readme update ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/1aacb3cf46bd0b634ec3bc852ff9439f3c5dd773))
+- Switch to GitHub actions for builds ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/4c0afa2beca0c3b0f167fd25c6849d6937c412ba))
+
+**Release v0.3.0** - 2019-05-05
+
+- g, before_request and after_request ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/8aa50f171d2d04bc15c472ab1d9b3288518f7a21))
+- Threaded mode ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/494800ff9ff474c38644979086057e3584573969))
+- Optional asyncio support ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/3d9b5d7084d52e749553ca79206ed7060f963f9d))
+- Debug mode ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/4c83cb75636572066958ef2cc0802909deafe542))
+- Print exceptions ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/491202de1fce232b9629b7f1db63594fd13f84a3))
+- Flake8 ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/92edc17522d7490544c7186d62a2964caf35c861))
+- Unit testing framework ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/f741ed7cf83320d25ce16a1a29796af6fdfb91e9))
+- More robust header checking in tests ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/03efe46a26e7074f960dd4c9a062c53d6f72bfa0))
+- Response unit tests ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/cd71986a5042dcc308617a3db89476f28dd13ecf))
+- Request unit tests ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/0b95feafc96dc91d7d34528ff2d8931a8aa3d612))
+- More unit tests ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/76ab1fa6d72dd9deaa24aeaf4895a0c6fc883bcb))
+- Async request and response unit tests ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/89f7f09b9a2d0dfccefabebbe9b83307133bd97c))
+- More asyncio unit tests ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/ba986a89ff72ebbd9a65307b81ee769879961594))
+- Improve code structure ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/b16466f1a9432a608eb23769907e8952fe304a9a))
+- URL pattern matching unit tests ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/0a373775d54df571ceddaac090094bb62dbe6c72))
+- Rename microdot_async to microdot_asyncio ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/e5525c5c485ae8901c9602da7e4582b58fb2da40))
+
+**Release 0.2.0** - 2019-04-19
+
+- Error handlers ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/0f2c749f6d1b9edbf124523160e10449c932ea45))
+- Fleshed out example GPIO application ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/52f2d0c4918d00d1a7e46cc7fd9a909ef6d259c1))
+- More robust parsing of cookie header ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/2f58c41cc89946d51646df83d4f9ae0e24e447b9))
+
+**Release 0.1.1** - 2019-04-17
+
+- Minor fixes for micropython ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/e4ff70cf8fe839f5b5297157bf028569188b9031))
+- Initial commit ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/311a82a44430d427948866b09cb6136e60a5b1c9))

README.md

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 # microdot
-[![Build status](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/workflows/build/badge.svg)](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/actions) [![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/miguelgrinberg/microdot/branch/master/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/miguelgrinberg/microdot)
+[![Build status](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/workflows/build/badge.svg)](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/actions) [![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/miguelgrinberg/microdot/branch/main/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/miguelgrinberg/microdot)
 
 A minimalistic Python web framework for microcontrollers inspired by Flask
 
-## Documentation
+## Resources
 
-Coming soon!
+- [Documentation](https://microdot.readthedocs.io/en/latest/)
+- [Change Log](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/blob/main/CHANGES.md)

SECURITY.md

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Security Policy
+
+## Reporting a Vulnerability
+
+If you think you've found a vulnerability on this project, please send me (Miguel Grinberg) an email at miguel.grinberg@gmail.com with a description of the problem. I will personally review the issue and respond to you with next steps.
+
+If the issue is highly sensitive, you are welcome to encrypt your message. Here is my [PGP key](https://keyserver.ubuntu.com/pks/lookup?search=miguel.grinberg%40gmail.com&fingerprint=on&op=index).
+
+Please do not disclose vulnerabilities publicly before discussing how to proceed with me.

docs/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Minimal makefile for Sphinx documentation
+#
+
+# You can set these variables from the command line, and also
+# from the environment for the first two.
+SPHINXOPTS    ?=
+SPHINXBUILD   ?= sphinx-build
+SOURCEDIR     = .
+BUILDDIR      = _build
+
+# Put it first so that "make" without argument is like "make help".
+help:
+	@$(SPHINXBUILD) -M help "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS) $(O)
+
+.PHONY: help Makefile
+
+# Catch-all target: route all unknown targets to Sphinx using the new
+# "make mode" option.  $(O) is meant as a shortcut for $(SPHINXOPTS).
+%: Makefile
+	@$(SPHINXBUILD) -M $@ "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS) $(O)

docs/_static/css/custom.css

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+.py .class, .py .method, .py .property {
+  margin-top: 20px;
+}

docs/api.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+API Reference
+=============
+
+``microdot`` module
+-------------------
+
+The ``microdot`` module defines a few classes that help implement HTTP-based
+servers for MicroPython and standard Python, with multithreading support for
+Python interpreters that support it.
+
+``Microdot`` class
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. autoclass:: microdot.Microdot
+   :members:
+
+``Request`` class
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. autoclass:: microdot.Request
+   :members:
+
+``Response`` class
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. autoclass:: microdot.Response
+   :members:
+
+``MultiDict`` class
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. autoclass:: microdot.MultiDict
+   :members:
+
+``microdot_asyncio`` module
+---------------------------
+
+The ``microdot_asyncio`` module defines a few classes that help implement
+HTTP-based servers for MicroPython and standard Python that use ``asyncio``
+and coroutines.
+
+``Microdot`` class
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. autoclass:: microdot_asyncio.Microdot
+   :inherited-members:
+   :members:
+
+``Request`` class
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. autoclass:: microdot_asyncio.Request
+   :inherited-members:
+   :members:
+
+``Response`` class
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. autoclass:: microdot_asyncio.Response
+   :inherited-members:
+   :members:
+

docs/conf.py

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# Configuration file for the Sphinx documentation builder.
+#
+# This file only contains a selection of the most common options. For a full
+# list see the documentation:
+# https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/configuration.html
+
+# -- Path setup --------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory,
+# add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
+# documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
+#
+import os
+import sys
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('../src'))
+
+
+# -- Project information -----------------------------------------------------
+
+project = 'Microdot'
+copyright = '2021, Miguel Grinberg'
+author = 'Miguel Grinberg'
+
+
+# -- General configuration ---------------------------------------------------
+
+# Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be
+# extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom
+# ones.
+extensions = [
+    'sphinx.ext.autodoc',
+]
+
+# Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
+templates_path = ['_templates']
+
+# List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
+# directories to ignore when looking for source files.
+# This pattern also affects html_static_path and html_extra_path.
+exclude_patterns = ['_build', 'Thumbs.db', '.DS_Store']
+
+
+# -- Options for HTML output -------------------------------------------------
+
+# The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages.  See the documentation for
+# a list of builtin themes.
+#
+html_theme = 'alabaster'
+
+# Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
+# relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
+# so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
+html_static_path = ['_static']
+
+html_css_files = [
+    'css/custom.css',
+]
+
+html_theme_options = {
+    'github_user': 'miguelgrinberg',
+    'github_repo': 'microdot',
+    'github_banner': True,
+    'github_button': True,
+    'github_type': 'star',
+    'fixed_sidebar': True,
+}
+
+autodoc_default_options = {
+    'member-order': 'bysource',
+}

docs/index.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+.. Microdot documentation master file, created by
+   sphinx-quickstart on Fri Jun  4 17:40:19 2021.
+   You can adapt this file completely to your liking, but it should at least
+   contain the root `toctree` directive.
+
+Microdot
+========
+
+Microdot is a minimalistic Python web framework inspired by
+`Flask <https://flask.palletsprojects.com/>`_, and designed to run on
+systems with limited resources such as microcontrollers. It runs on standard
+Python and on `MicroPython <https://micropython.org>`_.
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 3
+
+   intro
+   api
+
+* :ref:`genindex`
+* :ref:`search`

docs/intro.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+Installation
+------------
+
+Microdot can be installed with ``pip``::
+
+    pip install microdot
+
+For platforms that do not support or cannot run ``pip``, you can also manually
+copy and install the ``microdot.py`` and ``microdot_asyncio.py`` source files.
+
+Examples
+--------
+
+The following is an example of a standard single or multi-threaded web
+server::
+
+    from microdot import Microdot
+
+    app = Microdot()
+
+    @app.route('/')
+    def hello(request):
+        return 'Hello, world!'
+
+    app.run()
+
+Microdot also supports the asynchronous model and can be used under
+``asyncio``. The example that follows is equivalent to the one above, but uses
+coroutines for concurrency::
+
+    from microdot_asyncio import Microdot
+
+    app = Microdot()
+
+    @app.route('/')
+    async def hello(request):
+        return 'Hello, world!'
+
+    app.run()

docs/make.bat

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+@ECHO OFF
+
+pushd %~dp0
+
+REM Command file for Sphinx documentation
+
+if "%SPHINXBUILD%" == "" (
+	set SPHINXBUILD=sphinx-build
+)
+set SOURCEDIR=.
+set BUILDDIR=_build
+
+if "%1" == "" goto help
+
+%SPHINXBUILD% >NUL 2>NUL
+if errorlevel 9009 (
+	echo.
+	echo.The 'sphinx-build' command was not found. Make sure you have Sphinx
+	echo.installed, then set the SPHINXBUILD environment variable to point
+	echo.to the full path of the 'sphinx-build' executable. Alternatively you
+	echo.may add the Sphinx directory to PATH.
+	echo.
+	echo.If you don't have Sphinx installed, grab it from
+	echo.http://sphinx-doc.org/
+	exit /b 1
+)
+
+%SPHINXBUILD% -M %1 %SOURCEDIR% %BUILDDIR% %SPHINXOPTS% %O%
+goto end
+
+:help
+%SPHINXBUILD% -M help %SOURCEDIR% %BUILDDIR% %SPHINXOPTS% %O%
+
+:end
+popd

legacy/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+microdot-asyncio
+================
+
+This package has been merged with the ``microdot`` package. It currently
+installs as an empty package that depends on it.

legacy/pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[build-system]
+requires = [
+    "setuptools>=42",
+    "wheel"
+]
+build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"

legacy/setup.cfg

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+[metadata]
+name = microdot-asyncio
+version = 0.5.0
+author = Miguel Grinberg
+author_email = miguel.grinberg@gmail.com
+description = AsyncIO support for the Microdot web framework'
+long_description = file: README.md
+long_description_content_type = text/markdown
+url = https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot
+project_urls =
+    Bug Tracker = https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/issues
+classifiers =
+    Environment :: Web Environment
+    Intended Audience :: Developers
+    Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+    Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: MicroPython
+    License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+    Operating System :: OS Independent
+[options]
+zip_safe = False
+include_package_data = True
+py_modules =
+install_requires =
+    microdot

legacy/setup.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import setuptools
+
+setuptools.setup()

microdot-asyncio/microdot_asyncio.py

@@ -1,173 +0,0 @@
-try:
-    import uasyncio as asyncio
-except ImportError:
-    import asyncio
-from microdot import Microdot as BaseMicrodot
-from microdot import print_exception
-from microdot import Request as BaseRequest
-from microdot import Response as BaseResponse
-
-
-def _iscoroutine(coro):
-    return hasattr(coro, 'send') and hasattr(coro, 'throw')
-
-
-class Request(BaseRequest):
-    @staticmethod
-    async def create(app, stream, client_addr):
-        # request line
-        line = (await stream.readline()).strip().decode()
-        if not line:  # pragma: no cover
-            return None
-        method, url, http_version = line.split()
-        http_version = http_version.split('/', 1)[1]
-
-        # headers
-        headers = {}
-        content_length = 0
-        while True:
-            line = (await stream.readline()).strip().decode()
-            if line == '':
-                break
-            header, value = line.split(':', 1)
-            value = value.strip()
-            headers[header] = value
-            if header == 'Content-Length':
-                content_length = int(value)
-
-        # body
-        body = await stream.read(content_length) \
-            if content_length else b''
-
-        return Request(app, client_addr, method, url, http_version, headers,
-                       body)
-
-
-class Response(BaseResponse):
-    async def write(self, stream):
-        self.complete()
-
-        # status code
-        await stream.awrite('HTTP/1.0 {status_code} {reason}\r\n'.format(
-            status_code=self.status_code,
-            reason='OK' if self.status_code == 200 else 'N/A').encode())
-
-        # headers
-        for header, value in self.headers.items():
-            values = value if isinstance(value, list) else [value]
-            for value in values:
-                await stream.awrite('{header}: {value}\r\n'.format(
-                    header=header, value=value).encode())
-        await stream.awrite(b'\r\n')
-
-        # body
-        if self.body:
-            if hasattr(self.body, 'read'):
-                while True:
-                    buf = self.body.read(self.send_file_buffer_size)
-                    if len(buf):
-                        await stream.awrite(buf)
-                    if len(buf) < self.send_file_buffer_size:
-                        break
-                if hasattr(self.body, 'close'):
-                    self.body.close()
-            else:
-                await stream.awrite(self.body)
-
-
-class Microdot(BaseMicrodot):
-    async def start_server(self, host='0.0.0.0', port=5000, debug=False):
-        self.debug = debug
-
-        async def serve(reader, writer):
-            if not hasattr(writer, 'awrite'):  # pragma: no cover
-                # CPython provides the awrite and aclose methods in 3.8+
-                async def awrite(self, data):
-                    self.write(data)
-                    await self.drain()
-
-                async def aclose(self):
-                    self.close()
-                    await self.wait_closed()
-
-                from types import MethodType
-                writer.awrite = MethodType(awrite, writer)
-                writer.aclose = MethodType(aclose, writer)
-
-            await self.dispatch_request(reader, writer)
-
-        if self.debug:  # pragma: no cover
-            print('Starting async server on {host}:{port}...'.format(
-                host=host, port=port))
-
-        self.server = await asyncio.start_server(serve, host, port)
-        await self.server.wait_closed()
-
-    def run(self, host='0.0.0.0', port=5000, debug=False):
-        asyncio.run(self.start_server(host=host, port=port, debug=debug))
-
-    def shutdown(self):
-        self.server.close()
-
-    async def dispatch_request(self, reader, writer):
-        req = await Request.create(self, reader,
-                                   writer.get_extra_info('peername'))
-        if req:
-            f = self.find_route(req)
-            try:
-                res = None
-                if f:
-                    for handler in self.before_request_handlers:
-                        res = await self._invoke_handler(handler, req)
-                        if res:
-                            break
-                    if res is None:
-                        res = await self._invoke_handler(
-                            f, req, **req.url_args)
-                    if isinstance(res, tuple):
-                        res = Response(*res)
-                    elif not isinstance(res, Response):
-                        res = Response(res)
-                    for handler in self.after_request_handlers:
-                        res = await self._invoke_handler(
-                            handler, req, res) or res
-                elif 404 in self.error_handlers:
-                    res = await self._invoke_handler(
-                        self.error_handlers[404], req)
-                else:
-                    res = 'Not found', 404
-            except Exception as exc:
-                print_exception(exc)
-                res = None
-                if exc.__class__ in self.error_handlers:
-                    try:
-                        res = await self._invoke_handler(
-                            self.error_handlers[exc.__class__], req, exc)
-                    except Exception as exc2:  # pragma: no cover
-                        print_exception(exc2)
-                if res is None:
-                    if 500 in self.error_handlers:
-                        res = await self._invoke_handler(
-                            self.error_handlers[500], req)
-                    else:
-                        res = 'Internal server error', 500
-            if isinstance(res, tuple):
-                res = Response(*res)
-            elif not isinstance(res, Response):
-                res = Response(res)
-            await res.write(writer)
-        await writer.aclose()
-        if self.debug and req:  # pragma: no cover
-            print('{method} {path} {status_code}'.format(
-                method=req.method, path=req.path,
-                status_code=res.status_code))
-
-    async def _invoke_handler(self, f_or_coro, *args, **kwargs):
-        ret = f_or_coro(*args, **kwargs)
-        if _iscoroutine(ret):
-            ret = await ret
-        return ret
-
-
-redirect = Response.redirect
-send_file = Response.send_file

microdot-asyncio/setup.py

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-"""
-Microdot-AsyncIO
-----------------
-
-AsyncIO support for the Microdot web framework.
-"""
-from setuptools import setup
-
-setup(
-    name='microdot-asyncio',
-    version="0.4.0",
-    url='http://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/',
-    license='MIT',
-    author='Miguel Grinberg',
-    author_email='miguel.grinberg@gmail.com',
-    description='AsyncIO support for the Microdot web framework',
-    long_description=__doc__,
-    py_modules=['microdot_asyncio'],
-    platforms='any',
-    install_requires=[
-        'microdot',
-        'micropython-uasyncio;implementation_name=="micropython"'
-    ],
-    classifiers=[
-        'Environment :: Web Environment',
-        'Intended Audience :: Developers',
-        'License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License',
-        'Operating System :: OS Independent',
-        'Programming Language :: Python',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: MicroPython',
-        'Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content',
-        'Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules'
-    ]
-)

microdot/microdot.py

@@ -1,452 +0,0 @@
-try:
-    from sys import print_exception
-except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
-    import traceback
-
-    def print_exception(exc):
-        traceback.print_exc()
-try:
-    import uerrno as errno
-except ImportError:
-    import errno
-
-concurrency_mode = 'threaded'
-
-try:  # pragma: no cover
-    import threading
-
-    def create_thread(f, *args, **kwargs):
-        """Use the threading module."""
-        threading.Thread(target=f, args=args, kwargs=kwargs).start()
-except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
-    try:
-        import _thread
-
-        def create_thread(f, *args, **kwargs):
-            """Use MicroPython's _thread module."""
-            def run():
-                f(*args, **kwargs)
-
-            _thread.start_new_thread(run, ())
-    except ImportError:
-        def create_thread(f, *args, **kwargs):
-            """No threads available, call function synchronously."""
-            f(*args, **kwargs)
-
-        concurrency_mode = 'sync'
-try:
-    import ujson as json
-except ImportError:
-    import json
-
-try:
-    import ure as re
-except ImportError:
-    import re
-
-try:
-    import usocket as socket
-except ImportError:
-    try:
-        import socket
-    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
-        socket = None
-
-
-def urldecode(string):
-    string = string.replace('+', ' ')
-    parts = string.split('%')
-    if len(parts) == 1:
-        return string
-    result = [parts[0]]
-    for item in parts[1:]:
-        if item == '':
-            result.append('%')
-        else:
-            code = item[:2]
-            result.append(chr(int(code, 16)))
-            result.append(item[2:])
-    return ''.join(result)
-
-
-class Request():
-    class G:
-        pass
-
-    def __init__(self, app, client_addr, method, url, http_version, headers,
-                 body):
-        self.app = app
-        self.client_addr = client_addr
-        self.method = method
-        self.path = url
-        self.http_version = http_version
-        if '?' in self.path:
-            self.path, self.query_string = self.path.split('?', 1)
-            self.args = self._parse_urlencoded(self.query_string)
-        else:
-            self.query_string = None
-            self.args = {}
-        self.headers = headers
-        self.cookies = {}
-        self.content_length = 0
-        self.content_type = None
-        for header, value in self.headers.items():
-            if header == 'Content-Length':
-                self.content_length = int(value)
-            elif header == 'Content-Type':
-                self.content_type = value
-            elif header == 'Cookie':
-                for cookie in value.split(';'):
-                    name, value = cookie.strip().split('=', 1)
-                    self.cookies[name] = value
-        self.body = body
-        self._json = None
-        self._form = None
-        self.g = Request.G()
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def create(app, client_stream, client_addr):
-        # request line
-        line = client_stream.readline().strip().decode()
-        if not line:  # pragma: no cover
-            return None
-        method, url, http_version = line.split()
-        http_version = http_version.split('/', 1)[1]
-
-        # headers
-        headers = {}
-        content_length = 0
-        while True:
-            line = client_stream.readline().strip().decode()
-            if line == '':
-                break
-            header, value = line.split(':', 1)
-            value = value.strip()
-            headers[header] = value
-            if header == 'Content-Length':
-                content_length = int(value)
-
-        # body
-        body = client_stream.read(content_length) if content_length else b''
-
-        return Request(app, client_addr, method, url, http_version, headers,
-                       body)
-
-    def _parse_urlencoded(self, urlencoded):
-        return {
-            urldecode(key): urldecode(value) for key, value in [
-                pair.split('=', 1) for pair in
-                urlencoded.split('&')]}
-
-    @property
-    def json(self):
-        if self.content_type != 'application/json':
-            return None
-        if self._json is None:
-            self._json = json.loads(self.body.decode())
-        return self._json
-
-    @property
-    def form(self):
-        if self.content_type != 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded':
-            return None
-        if self._form is None:
-            self._form = self._parse_urlencoded(self.body.decode())
-        return self._form
-
-
-class Response():
-    types_map = {
-        'css': 'text/css',
-        'gif': 'image/gif',
-        'html': 'text/html',
-        'jpg': 'image/jpeg',
-        'js': 'application/javascript',
-        'json': 'application/json',
-        'png': 'image/png',
-        'txt': 'text/plain',
-    }
-    send_file_buffer_size = 1024
-
-    def __init__(self, body='', status_code=200, headers=None):
-        self.status_code = status_code
-        self.headers = headers or {}
-        if isinstance(body, (dict, list)):
-            self.body = json.dumps(body).encode()
-            self.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'
-        elif isinstance(body, str):
-            self.body = body.encode()
-        else:
-            # this applies to bytes or file-like objects
-            self.body = body
-
-    def set_cookie(self, cookie, value, path=None, domain=None, expires=None,
-                   max_age=None, secure=False, http_only=False):
-        http_cookie = '{cookie}={value}'.format(cookie=cookie, value=value)
-        if path:
-            http_cookie += '; Path=' + path
-        if domain:
-            http_cookie += '; Domain=' + domain
-        if expires:
-            http_cookie += '; Expires=' + expires.strftime(
-                "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT")
-        if max_age:
-            http_cookie += '; Max-Age=' + str(max_age)
-        if secure:
-            http_cookie += '; Secure'
-        if http_only:
-            http_cookie += '; HttpOnly'
-        if 'Set-Cookie' in self.headers:
-            self.headers['Set-Cookie'].append(http_cookie)
-        else:
-            self.headers['Set-Cookie'] = [http_cookie]
-
-    def complete(self):
-        if isinstance(self.body, bytes) and \
-                'Content-Length' not in self.headers:
-            self.headers['Content-Length'] = str(len(self.body))
-        if 'Content-Type' not in self.headers:
-            self.headers['Content-Type'] = 'text/plain'
-
-    def write(self, stream):
-        self.complete()
-
-        # status code
-        stream.write('HTTP/1.0 {status_code} {reason}\r\n'.format(
-            status_code=self.status_code,
-            reason='OK' if self.status_code == 200 else 'N/A').encode())
-
-        # headers
-        for header, value in self.headers.items():
-            values = value if isinstance(value, list) else [value]
-            for value in values:
-                stream.write('{header}: {value}\r\n'.format(
-                    header=header, value=value).encode())
-        stream.write(b'\r\n')
-
-        # body
-        if self.body:
-            if hasattr(self.body, 'read'):
-                while True:
-                    buf = self.body.read(self.send_file_buffer_size)
-                    if len(buf):
-                        stream.write(buf)
-                    if len(buf) < self.send_file_buffer_size:
-                        break
-                if hasattr(self.body, 'close'):  # pragma: no close
-                    self.body.close()
-            else:
-                stream.write(self.body)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def redirect(cls, location, status_code=302):
-        return cls(status_code=status_code, headers={'Location': location})
-
-    @classmethod
-    def send_file(cls, filename, status_code=200, content_type=None):
-        if content_type is None:
-            ext = filename.split('.')[-1]
-            if ext in Response.types_map:
-                content_type = Response.types_map[ext]
-            else:
-                content_type = 'application/octet-stream'
-        f = open(filename, 'rb')
-        return cls(body=f, status_code=status_code,
-                   headers={'Content-Type': content_type})
-
-
-class URLPattern():
-    def __init__(self, url_pattern):
-        self.pattern = ''
-        self.args = []
-        use_regex = False
-        for segment in url_pattern.lstrip('/').split('/'):
-            if segment and segment[0] == '<':
-                if segment[-1] != '>':
-                    raise ValueError('invalid URL pattern')
-                segment = segment[1:-1]
-                if ':' in segment:
-                    type_, name = segment.rsplit(':', 1)
-                else:
-                    type_ = 'string'
-                    name = segment
-                if type_ == 'string':
-                    pattern = '[^/]+'
-                elif type_ == 'int':
-                    pattern = '\\d+'
-                elif type_ == 'path':
-                    pattern = '.+'
-                elif type_.startswith('re:'):
-                    pattern = type_[3:]
-                else:
-                    raise ValueError('invalid URL segment type')
-                use_regex = True
-                self.pattern += '/({pattern})'.format(pattern=pattern)
-                self.args.append({'type': type_, 'name': name})
-            else:
-                self.pattern += '/{segment}'.format(segment=segment)
-        if use_regex:
-            self.pattern = re.compile('^' + self.pattern + '$')
-
-    def match(self, path):
-        if isinstance(self.pattern, str):
-            if path != self.pattern:
-                return
-            return {}
-        g = self.pattern.match(path)
-        if not g:
-            return
-        args = {}
-        i = 1
-        for arg in self.args:
-            value = g.group(i)
-            if arg['type'] == 'int':
-                value = int(value)
-            args[arg['name']] = value
-            i += 1
-        return args
-
-
-class Microdot():
-    def __init__(self):
-        self.url_map = []
-        self.before_request_handlers = []
-        self.after_request_handlers = []
-        self.error_handlers = {}
-        self.shutdown_requested = False
-        self.debug = False
-        self.server = None
-
-    def route(self, url_pattern, methods=None):
-        def decorated(f):
-            self.url_map.append(
-                (methods or ['GET'], URLPattern(url_pattern), f))
-            return f
-        return decorated
-
-    def get(self, url_pattern):
-        return self.route(url_pattern, methods=['GET'])
-
-    def post(self, url_pattern):
-        return self.route(url_pattern, methods=['POST'])
-
-    def put(self, url_pattern):
-        return self.route(url_pattern, methods=['PUT'])
-
-    def patch(self, url_pattern):
-        return self.route(url_pattern, methods=['PATCH'])
-
-    def delete(self, url_pattern):
-        return self.route(url_pattern, methods=['DELETE'])
-
-    def before_request(self, f):
-        self.before_request_handlers.append(f)
-        return f
-
-    def after_request(self, f):
-        self.after_request_handlers.append(f)
-        return f
-
-    def errorhandler(self, status_code_or_exception_class):
-        def decorated(f):
-            self.error_handlers[status_code_or_exception_class] = f
-            return f
-        return decorated
-
-    def run(self, host='0.0.0.0', port=5000, debug=False):
-        self.debug = debug
-        self.shutdown_requested = False
-
-        self.server = socket.socket()
-        ai = socket.getaddrinfo(host, port)
-        addr = ai[0][-1]
-
-        if self.debug:  # pragma: no cover
-            print('Starting {mode} server on {host}:{port}...'.format(
-                mode=concurrency_mode, host=host, port=port))
-        self.server.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
-        self.server.bind(addr)
-        self.server.listen(5)
-
-        while not self.shutdown_requested:
-            try:
-                sock, addr = self.server.accept()
-            except OSError as exc:
-                if exc.args[0] == errno.ECONNABORTED:
-                    break
-                else:
-                    raise
-            create_thread(self.dispatch_request, sock, addr)
-
-    def shutdown(self):
-        self.shutdown_requested = True
-
-    def find_route(self, req):
-        f = None
-        for route_methods, route_pattern, route_handler in self.url_map:
-            if req.method in route_methods:
-                req.url_args = route_pattern.match(req.path)
-                if req.url_args is not None:
-                    f = route_handler
-                    break
-        return f
-
-    def dispatch_request(self, sock, addr):
-        if not hasattr(sock, 'readline'):  # pragma: no cover
-            stream = sock.makefile("rwb")
-        else:
-            stream = sock
-
-        req = Request.create(self, stream, addr)
-        if req:
-            f = self.find_route(req)
-            try:
-                res = None
-                if f:
-                    for handler in self.before_request_handlers:
-                        res = handler(req)
-                        if res:
-                            break
-                    if res is None:
-                        res = f(req, **req.url_args)
-                    if isinstance(res, tuple):
-                        res = Response(*res)
-                    elif not isinstance(res, Response):
-                        res = Response(res)
-                    for handler in self.after_request_handlers:
-                        res = handler(req, res) or res
-                elif 404 in self.error_handlers:
-                    res = self.error_handlers[404](req)
-                else:
-                    res = 'Not found', 404
-            except Exception as exc:
-                print_exception(exc)
-                res = None
-                if exc.__class__ in self.error_handlers:
-                    try:
-                        res = self.error_handlers[exc.__class__](req, exc)
-                    except Exception as exc2:  # pragma: no cover
-                        print_exception(exc2)
-                if res is None:
-                    if 500 in self.error_handlers:
-                        res = self.error_handlers[500](req)
-                    else:
-                        res = 'Internal server error', 500
-            if isinstance(res, tuple):
-                res = Response(*res)
-            elif not isinstance(res, Response):
-                res = Response(res)
-            res.write(stream)
-        stream.close()
-        if stream != sock:  # pragma: no cover
-            sock.close()
-        if self.shutdown_requested:  # pragma: no cover
-            self.server.close()
-        if self.debug and req:  # pragma: no cover
-            print('{method} {path} {status_code}'.format(
-                method=req.method, path=req.path,
-                status_code=res.status_code))
-
-
-redirect = Response.redirect
-send_file = Response.send_file

microdot/setup.py

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-"""
-Microdot
---------
-
-The impossibly small web framework for MicroPython.
-"""
-from setuptools import setup
-
-setup(
-    name='microdot',
-    version="0.4.0",
-    url='http://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/',
-    license='MIT',
-    author='Miguel Grinberg',
-    author_email='miguel.grinberg@gmail.com',
-    description='The impossibly small web framework for MicroPython',
-    long_description=__doc__,
-    py_modules=['microdot'],
-    platforms='any',
-    classifiers=[
-        'Environment :: Web Environment',
-        'Intended Audience :: Developers',
-        'License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License',
-        'Operating System :: OS Independent',
-        'Programming Language :: Python',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: MicroPython',
-        'Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Dynamic Content',
-        'Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules'
-    ]
-)

pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[build-system]
+requires = [
+    "setuptools>=42",
+    "wheel"
+]
+build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"

run_tests.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import sys
 
-sys.path.insert(0, 'microdot')
-sys.path.insert(1, 'microdot-asyncio')
+sys.path.insert(0, 'src')
 sys.path.insert(2, 'tests/libs')
 
 import unittest

setup.cfg

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+[metadata]
+name = microdot
+version = 0.7.2
+author = Miguel Grinberg
+author_email = miguel.grinberg@gmail.com
+description = The impossibly small web framework for MicroPython
+long_description = file: README.md
+long_description_content_type = text/markdown
+url = https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot
+project_urls =
+    Bug Tracker = https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/issues
+classifiers =
+    Environment :: Web Environment
+    Intended Audience :: Developers
+    Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+    Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: MicroPython
+    License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
+    Operating System :: OS Independent
+
+[options]
+zip_safe = False
+include_package_data = True
+package_dir =
+    = src
+py_modules =
+    microdot
+    microdot_asyncio

setup.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import setuptools
+
+setuptools.setup()

src/microdot.py

@@ -0,0 +1,867 @@
+"""
+microdot
+--------
+
+The ``microdot`` module defines a few classes that help implement HTTP-based
+servers for MicroPython and standard Python, with multithreading support for
+Python interpreters that support it.
+"""
+try:
+    from sys import print_exception
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    import traceback
+
+    def print_exception(exc):
+        traceback.print_exc()
+try:
+    import uerrno as errno
+except ImportError:
+    import errno
+
+concurrency_mode = 'threaded'
+
+try:  # pragma: no cover
+    import threading
+
+    def create_thread(f, *args, **kwargs):
+        # use the threading module
+        threading.Thread(target=f, args=args, kwargs=kwargs).start()
+except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+    try:
+        import _thread
+
+        def create_thread(f, *args, **kwargs):
+            # use MicroPython's _thread module
+            def run():
+                f(*args, **kwargs)
+
+            _thread.start_new_thread(run, ())
+    except ImportError:
+        def create_thread(f, *args, **kwargs):
+            # no threads available, call function synchronously
+            f(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        concurrency_mode = 'sync'
+try:
+    import ujson as json
+except ImportError:
+    import json
+
+try:
+    import ure as re
+except ImportError:
+    import re
+
+try:
+    import usocket as socket
+except ImportError:
+    try:
+        import socket
+    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
+        socket = None
+
+
+def urldecode(string):
+    string = string.replace('+', ' ')
+    parts = string.split('%')
+    if len(parts) == 1:
+        return string
+    result = [parts[0]]
+    for item in parts[1:]:
+        if item == '':
+            result.append('%')
+        else:
+            code = item[:2]
+            result.append(chr(int(code, 16)))
+            result.append(item[2:])
+    return ''.join(result)
+
+
+class MultiDict(dict):
+    """A subclass of dictionary that can hold multiple values for the same
+    key. It is used to hold key/value pairs decoded from query strings and
+    form submissions.
+
+    :param initial_dict: an initial dictionary of key/value pairs to
+                         initialize this object with.
+
+    Example::
+
+        >>> d = MultiDict()
+        >>> d['sort'] = 'name'
+        >>> d['sort'] = 'email'
+        >>> print(d['sort'])
+        'name'
+        >>> print(d.getlist('sort'))
+        ['name', 'email']
+    """
+    def __init__(self, initial_dict=None):
+        super().__init__()
+        if initial_dict:
+            for key, value in initial_dict.items():
+                self[key] = value
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        if key not in self:
+            super().__setitem__(key, [])
+        super().__getitem__(key).append(value)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        return super().__getitem__(key)[0]
+
+    def get(self, key, default=None, type=None):
+        """Return the value for a given key.
+
+        :param key: The key to retrieve.
+        :param default: A default value to use if the key does not exist.
+        :param type: A type conversion callable to apply to the value.
+
+        If the multidict contains more than one value for the requested key,
+        this method returns the first value only.
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> d = MultiDict()
+            >>> d['age'] = '42'
+            >>> d.get('age')
+            '42'
+            >>> d.get('age', type=int)
+            42
+            >>> d.get('name', default='noname')
+            'noname'
+        """
+        if key not in self:
+            return default
+        value = self[key]
+        if type is not None:
+            value = type(value)
+        return value
+
+    def getlist(self, key, type=None):
+        """Return all the values for a given key.
+
+        :param key: The key to retrieve.
+        :param type: A type conversion callable to apply to the values.
+
+        If the requested key does not exist in the dictionary, this method
+        returns an empty list.
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> d = MultiDict()
+            >>> d.getlist('items')
+            []
+            >>> d['items'] = '3'
+            >>> d.getlist('items')
+            ['3']
+            >>> d['items'] = '56'
+            >>> d.getlist('items')
+            ['3', '56']
+            >>> d.getlist('items', type=int)
+            [3, 56]
+        """
+        if key not in self:
+            return []
+        values = super().__getitem__(key)
+        if type is not None:
+            values = [type(value) for value in values]
+        return values
+
+
+class Request():
+    """An HTTP request class.
+
+    :var app: The application instance to which this request belongs.
+    :var client_addr: The address of the client, as a tuple (host, port).
+    :var method: The HTTP method of the request.
+    :var path: The path portion of the URL.
+    :var query_string: The query string portion of the URL.
+    :var args: The parsed query string, as a :class:`MultiDict` object.
+    :var headers: A dictionary with the headers included in the request.
+    :var cookies: A dictionary with the cookies included in the request.
+    :var content_length: The parsed ``Content-Length`` header.
+    :var content_type: The parsed ``Content-Type`` header.
+    :var body: A stream from where the body can be read.
+    :var json: The parsed JSON body, as a dictionary or list, or ``None`` if
+               the request does not have a JSON body.
+    :var form: The parsed form submission body, as a :class:`MultiDict` object,
+               or ``None`` if the request does not have a form submission.
+    :var g: A general purpose container for applications to store data during
+            the life of the request.
+    """
+    #: Specify the maximum payload size that is accepted. Requests with larger
+    #: payloads will be rejected with a 413 status code. Applications can
+    #: change this maximum as necessary.
+    #:
+    #: Example::
+    #:
+    #:    Request.max_content_length = 1 * 1024 * 1024  # 1MB requests allowed
+    max_content_length = 16 * 1024
+
+    #: Specify the maximum length allowed for a line in the request. Requests
+    #: with longer lines will not be correctly interpreted. Applications can
+    #: change this maximum as necessary.
+    #:
+    #: Example::
+    #:
+    #:    Request.max_readline = 16 * 1024  # 16KB lines allowed
+    max_readline = 2 * 1024
+
+    class G:
+        pass
+
+    def __init__(self, app, client_addr, method, url, http_version, headers,
+                 body):
+        self.app = app
+        self.client_addr = client_addr
+        self.method = method
+        self.path = url
+        self.http_version = http_version
+        if '?' in self.path:
+            self.path, self.query_string = self.path.split('?', 1)
+            self.args = self._parse_urlencoded(self.query_string)
+        else:
+            self.query_string = None
+            self.args = {}
+        self.headers = headers
+        self.cookies = {}
+        self.content_length = 0
+        self.content_type = None
+        for header, value in self.headers.items():
+            if header == 'Content-Length':
+                self.content_length = int(value)
+            elif header == 'Content-Type':
+                self.content_type = value
+            elif header == 'Cookie':
+                for cookie in value.split(';'):
+                    name, value = cookie.strip().split('=', 1)
+                    self.cookies[name] = value
+        self.body = body
+        self._json = None
+        self._form = None
+        self.g = Request.G()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def create(app, client_stream, client_addr):
+        """Create a request object.
+
+        :param app: The Microdot application instance.
+        :param client_stream: An input stream from where the request data can
+                              be read.
+        :param client_addr: The address of the client, as a tuple.
+
+        This method returns a newly created ``Request`` object.
+        """
+        # request line
+        line = Request._safe_readline(client_stream).strip().decode()
+        if not line:
+            return None
+        method, url, http_version = line.split()
+        http_version = http_version.split('/', 1)[1]
+
+        # headers
+        headers = {}
+        content_length = 0
+        while True:
+            line = Request._safe_readline(client_stream).strip().decode()
+            if line == '':
+                break
+            header, value = line.split(':', 1)
+            value = value.strip()
+            headers[header] = value
+            if header == 'Content-Length':
+                content_length = int(value)
+
+        # body
+        body = client_stream.read(content_length) if content_length and \
+            content_length <= Request.max_content_length else b''
+
+        return Request(app, client_addr, method, url, http_version, headers,
+                       body)
+
+    def _parse_urlencoded(self, urlencoded):
+        data = MultiDict()
+        for k, v in [pair.split('=', 1) for pair in urlencoded.split('&')]:
+            data[urldecode(k)] = urldecode(v)
+        return data
+
+    @property
+    def json(self):
+        if self._json is None:
+            if self.content_type is None:
+                return None
+            mime_type = self.content_type.split(';')[0]
+            if mime_type != 'application/json':
+                return None
+            self._json = json.loads(self.body.decode())
+        return self._json
+
+    @property
+    def form(self):
+        if self._form is None:
+            if self.content_type is None:
+                return None
+            mime_type = self.content_type.split(';')[0]
+            if mime_type != 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded':
+                return None
+            self._form = self._parse_urlencoded(self.body.decode())
+        return self._form
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _safe_readline(stream):
+        line = stream.readline(Request.max_readline + 1)
+        if len(line) > Request.max_readline:
+            raise ValueError('line too long')
+        return line
+
+
+class Response():
+    """An HTTP response class.
+
+    :param body: The body of the response. If a dictionary or list is given,
+                 a JSON formatter is used to generate the body.
+    :param status_code: The numeric HTTP status code of the response. The
+                        default is 200.
+    :param headers: A dictionary of headers to include in the response.
+    :param reason: A custom reason phrase to add after the status code. The
+                   default is "OK" for responses with a 200 status code and
+                   "N/A" for any other status codes.
+    """
+    types_map = {
+        'css': 'text/css',
+        'gif': 'image/gif',
+        'html': 'text/html',
+        'jpg': 'image/jpeg',
+        'js': 'application/javascript',
+        'json': 'application/json',
+        'png': 'image/png',
+        'txt': 'text/plain',
+    }
+    send_file_buffer_size = 1024
+
+    def __init__(self, body='', status_code=200, headers=None, reason=None):
+        self.status_code = status_code
+        self.headers = headers.copy() if headers else {}
+        self.reason = reason
+        if isinstance(body, (dict, list)):
+            self.body = json.dumps(body).encode()
+            self.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'
+        elif isinstance(body, str):
+            self.body = body.encode()
+        else:
+            # this applies to bytes or file-like objects
+            self.body = body
+
+    def set_cookie(self, cookie, value, path=None, domain=None, expires=None,
+                   max_age=None, secure=False, http_only=False):
+        """Add a cookie to the response.
+
+        :param cookie: The cookie's name.
+        :param value: The cookie's value.
+        :param path: The cookie's path.
+        :param domain: The cookie's domain.
+        :param expires: The cookie expiration time, as a ``datetime`` object.
+        :param max_age: The cookie's ``Max-Age`` value.
+        :param secure: The cookie's ``secure`` flag.
+        :param http_only: The cookie's ``HttpOnly`` flag.
+        """
+        http_cookie = '{cookie}={value}'.format(cookie=cookie, value=value)
+        if path:
+            http_cookie += '; Path=' + path
+        if domain:
+            http_cookie += '; Domain=' + domain
+        if expires:
+            http_cookie += '; Expires=' + expires.strftime(
+                "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT")
+        if max_age:
+            http_cookie += '; Max-Age=' + str(max_age)
+        if secure:
+            http_cookie += '; Secure'
+        if http_only:
+            http_cookie += '; HttpOnly'
+        if 'Set-Cookie' in self.headers:
+            self.headers['Set-Cookie'].append(http_cookie)
+        else:
+            self.headers['Set-Cookie'] = [http_cookie]
+
+    def complete(self):
+        if isinstance(self.body, bytes) and \
+                'Content-Length' not in self.headers:
+            self.headers['Content-Length'] = str(len(self.body))
+        if 'Content-Type' not in self.headers:
+            self.headers['Content-Type'] = 'text/plain'
+
+    def write(self, stream):
+        self.complete()
+
+        # status code
+        reason = self.reason if self.reason is not None else \
+            ('OK' if self.status_code == 200 else 'N/A')
+        stream.write('HTTP/1.0 {status_code} {reason}\r\n'.format(
+            status_code=self.status_code, reason=reason).encode())
+
+        # headers
+        for header, value in self.headers.items():
+            values = value if isinstance(value, list) else [value]
+            for value in values:
+                stream.write('{header}: {value}\r\n'.format(
+                    header=header, value=value).encode())
+        stream.write(b'\r\n')
+
+        # body
+        if self.body:
+            if hasattr(self.body, 'read'):
+                while True:
+                    buf = self.body.read(self.send_file_buffer_size)
+                    if len(buf):
+                        stream.write(buf)
+                    if len(buf) < self.send_file_buffer_size:
+                        break
+                if hasattr(self.body, 'close'):  # pragma: no cover
+                    self.body.close()
+            else:
+                stream.write(self.body)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def redirect(cls, location, status_code=302):
+        """Return a redirect response.
+
+        :param location: The URL to redirect to.
+        :param status_code: The 3xx status code to use for the redirect. The
+                            default is 302.
+        """
+        if '\x0d' in location or '\x0a' in location:
+            raise ValueError('invalid redirect URL')
+        return cls(status_code=status_code, headers={'Location': location})
+
+    @classmethod
+    def send_file(cls, filename, status_code=200, content_type=None):
+        """Send file contents in a response.
+
+        :param filename: The filename of the file.
+        :param status_code: The 3xx status code to use for the redirect. The
+                            default is 302.
+        :param content_type: The ``Content-Type`` header to use in the
+                             response. If omitted, it is generated
+                             automatically from the file extension.
+
+        Security note: The filename is assumed to be trusted. Never pass
+        filenames provided by the user before validating and sanitizing them
+        first.
+        """
+        if content_type is None:
+            ext = filename.split('.')[-1]
+            if ext in Response.types_map:
+                content_type = Response.types_map[ext]
+            else:
+                content_type = 'application/octet-stream'
+        f = open(filename, 'rb')
+        return cls(body=f, status_code=status_code,
+                   headers={'Content-Type': content_type})
+
+
+class URLPattern():
+    def __init__(self, url_pattern):
+        self.pattern = ''
+        self.args = []
+        use_regex = False
+        for segment in url_pattern.lstrip('/').split('/'):
+            if segment and segment[0] == '<':
+                if segment[-1] != '>':
+                    raise ValueError('invalid URL pattern')
+                segment = segment[1:-1]
+                if ':' in segment:
+                    type_, name = segment.rsplit(':', 1)
+                else:
+                    type_ = 'string'
+                    name = segment
+                if type_ == 'string':
+                    pattern = '[^/]+'
+                elif type_ == 'int':
+                    pattern = '\\d+'
+                elif type_ == 'path':
+                    pattern = '.+'
+                elif type_.startswith('re:'):
+                    pattern = type_[3:]
+                else:
+                    raise ValueError('invalid URL segment type')
+                use_regex = True
+                self.pattern += '/({pattern})'.format(pattern=pattern)
+                self.args.append({'type': type_, 'name': name})
+            else:
+                self.pattern += '/{segment}'.format(segment=segment)
+        if use_regex:
+            self.pattern = re.compile('^' + self.pattern + '$')
+
+    def match(self, path):
+        if isinstance(self.pattern, str):
+            if path != self.pattern:
+                return
+            return {}
+        g = self.pattern.match(path)
+        if not g:
+            return
+        args = {}
+        i = 1
+        for arg in self.args:
+            value = g.group(i)
+            if arg['type'] == 'int':
+                value = int(value)
+            args[arg['name']] = value
+            i += 1
+        return args
+
+
+class Microdot():
+    """An HTTP application class.
+
+    This class implements an HTTP application instance and is heavily
+    influenced by the ``Flask`` class of the Flask framework. It is typically
+    declared near the start of the main application script.
+
+    Example::
+
+        from microdot import Microdot
+
+        app = Microdot()
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.url_map = []
+        self.before_request_handlers = []
+        self.after_request_handlers = []
+        self.error_handlers = {}
+        self.shutdown_requested = False
+        self.debug = False
+        self.server = None
+
+    def route(self, url_pattern, methods=None):
+        """Decorator that is used to register a function as a request handler
+        for a given URL.
+
+        :param url_pattern: The URL pattern that will be compared against
+                            incoming requests.
+        :param methods: The list of HTTP methods to be handled by the
+                        decorated function. If omitted, only ``GET`` requests
+                        are handled.
+
+        The URL pattern can be a static path (for example, ``/users`` or
+        ``/api/invoices/search``) or a path with dynamic components enclosed
+        in ``<`` and ``>`` (for example, ``/users/<id>`` or
+        ``/invoices/<number>/products``). Dynamic path components can also
+        include a type prefix, separated from the name with a colon (for
+        example, ``/users/<int:id>``). The type can be ``string`` (the
+        default), ``int``, ``path`` or ``re:[regular-expression]``.
+
+        The first argument of the decorated function must be
+        the request object. Any path arguments that are specified in the URL
+        pattern are passed as keyword arguments. The return value of the
+        function must be a :class:`Response` instance, or the arguments to
+        be passed to this class.
+
+        Example::
+
+            @app.route('/')
+            def index(request):
+                return 'Hello, world!'
+        """
+        def decorated(f):
+            self.url_map.append(
+                (methods or ['GET'], URLPattern(url_pattern), f))
+            return f
+        return decorated
+
+    def get(self, url_pattern):
+        """Decorator that is used to register a function as a ``GET`` request
+        handler for a given URL.
+
+        :param url_pattern: The URL pattern that will be compared against
+                            incoming requests.
+
+        This decorator can be used as an alias to the ``route`` decorator with
+        ``methods=['GET']``.
+
+        Example::
+
+            @app.get('/users/<int:id>')
+            def get_user(request, id):
+                # ...
+        """
+        return self.route(url_pattern, methods=['GET'])
+
+    def post(self, url_pattern):
+        """Decorator that is used to register a function as a ``POST`` request
+        handler for a given URL.
+
+        :param url_pattern: The URL pattern that will be compared against
+                            incoming requests.
+
+        This decorator can be used as an alias to the``route`` decorator with
+        ``methods=['POST']``.
+
+        Example::
+
+            @app.post('/users')
+            def create_user(request):
+                # ...
+        """
+        return self.route(url_pattern, methods=['POST'])
+
+    def put(self, url_pattern):
+        """Decorator that is used to register a function as a ``PUT`` request
+        handler for a given URL.
+
+        :param url_pattern: The URL pattern that will be compared against
+                            incoming requests.
+
+        This decorator can be used as an alias to the ``route`` decorator with
+        ``methods=['PUT']``.
+
+        Example::
+
+            @app.put('/users/<int:id>')
+            def edit_user(request, id):
+                # ...
+        """
+        return self.route(url_pattern, methods=['PUT'])
+
+    def patch(self, url_pattern):
+        """Decorator that is used to register a function as a ``PATCH`` request
+        handler for a given URL.
+
+        :param url_pattern: The URL pattern that will be compared against
+                            incoming requests.
+
+        This decorator can be used as an alias to the ``route`` decorator with
+        ``methods=['PATCH']``.
+
+        Example::
+
+            @app.patch('/users/<int:id>')
+            def edit_user(request, id):
+                # ...
+        """
+        return self.route(url_pattern, methods=['PATCH'])
+
+    def delete(self, url_pattern):
+        """Decorator that is used to register a function as a ``DELETE``
+        request handler for a given URL.
+
+        :param url_pattern: The URL pattern that will be compared against
+                            incoming requests.
+
+        This decorator can be used as an alias to the ``route`` decorator with
+        ``methods=['DELETE']``.
+
+        Example::
+
+            @app.delete('/users/<int:id>')
+            def delete_user(request, id):
+                # ...
+        """
+        return self.route(url_pattern, methods=['DELETE'])
+
+    def before_request(self, f):
+        """Decorator to register a function to run before each request is
+        handled. The decorated function must take a single argument, the
+        request object.
+
+        Example::
+
+            @app.before_request
+            def func(request):
+                # ...
+        """
+        self.before_request_handlers.append(f)
+        return f
+
+    def after_request(self, f):
+        """Decorator to register a function to run after each request is
+        handled. The decorated function must take two arguments, the request
+        and response objects. The return value of the function must be an
+        updated response object.
+
+        Example::
+
+            @app.before_request
+            def func(request, response):
+                # ...
+        """
+        self.after_request_handlers.append(f)
+        return f
+
+    def errorhandler(self, status_code_or_exception_class):
+        """Decorator to register a function as an error handler. Error handler
+        functions for numeric HTTP status codes must accept a single argument,
+        the request object. Error handler functions for Python exceptions
+        must accept two arguments, the request object and the exception
+        object.
+
+        :param status_code_or_exception_class: The numeric HTTP status code or
+                                               Python exception class to
+                                               handle.
+
+        Examples::
+
+            @app.errorhandler(404)
+            def not_found(request):
+                return 'Not found'
+
+            @app.errorhandler(RuntimeError)
+            def runtime_error(request, exception):
+                return 'Runtime error'
+        """
+        def decorated(f):
+            self.error_handlers[status_code_or_exception_class] = f
+            return f
+        return decorated
+
+    def run(self, host='0.0.0.0', port=5000, debug=False):
+        """Start the web server. This function does not normally return, as
+        the server enters an endless listening loop. The :func:`shutdown`
+        function provides a method for terminating the server gracefully.
+
+        :param host: The hostname or IP address of the network interface that
+                     will be listening for requests. A value of ``'0.0.0.0'``
+                     (the default) indicates that the server should listen for
+                     requests on all the available interfaces, and a value of
+                     ``127.0.0.1`` indicates that the server should listen
+                     for requests only on the internal networking interface of
+                     the host.
+        :param port: The port number to listen for requests. The default is
+                     port 5000.
+        :param debug: If ``True``, the server logs debugging information. The
+                      default is ``False``.
+
+        Example::
+
+            from microdot import Microdot
+
+            app = Microdot()
+
+            @app.route('/')
+            def index():
+                return 'Hello, world!'
+
+            app.run(debug=True)
+        """
+        self.debug = debug
+        self.shutdown_requested = False
+
+        self.server = socket.socket()
+        ai = socket.getaddrinfo(host, port)
+        addr = ai[0][-1]
+
+        if self.debug:  # pragma: no cover
+            print('Starting {mode} server on {host}:{port}...'.format(
+                mode=concurrency_mode, host=host, port=port))
+        self.server.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
+        self.server.bind(addr)
+        self.server.listen(5)
+
+        while not self.shutdown_requested:
+            try:
+                sock, addr = self.server.accept()
+            except OSError as exc:  # pragma: no cover
+                if exc.args[0] == errno.ECONNABORTED:
+                    break
+                else:
+                    raise
+            create_thread(self.dispatch_request, sock, addr)
+
+    def shutdown(self):
+        """Request a server shutdown. The server will then exit its request
+        listening loop and the :func:`run` function will return. This function
+        can be safely called from a route handler, as it only schedules the
+        server to terminate as soon as the request completes.
+
+        Example::
+
+            @app.route('/shutdown')
+            def shutdown(request):
+                request.app.shutdown()
+                return 'The server is shutting down...'
+        """
+        self.shutdown_requested = True
+
+    def find_route(self, req):
+        f = None
+        for route_methods, route_pattern, route_handler in self.url_map:
+            if req.method in route_methods:
+                req.url_args = route_pattern.match(req.path)
+                if req.url_args is not None:
+                    f = route_handler
+                    break
+        return f
+
+    def dispatch_request(self, sock, addr):
+        if not hasattr(sock, 'readline'):  # pragma: no cover
+            stream = sock.makefile("rwb")
+        else:
+            stream = sock
+
+        req = None
+        try:
+            req = Request.create(self, stream, addr)
+        except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover
+            print_exception(exc)
+        if req:
+            if req.content_length > req.max_content_length:
+                if 413 in self.error_handlers:
+                    res = self.error_handlers[413](req)
+                else:
+                    res = 'Payload too large', 413
+            else:
+                f = self.find_route(req)
+                try:
+                    res = None
+                    if f:
+                        for handler in self.before_request_handlers:
+                            res = handler(req)
+                            if res:
+                                break
+                        if res is None:
+                            res = f(req, **req.url_args)
+                        if isinstance(res, tuple):
+                            res = Response(*res)
+                        elif not isinstance(res, Response):
+                            res = Response(res)
+                        for handler in self.after_request_handlers:
+                            res = handler(req, res) or res
+                    elif 404 in self.error_handlers:
+                        res = self.error_handlers[404](req)
+                    else:
+                        res = 'Not found', 404
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    print_exception(exc)
+                    res = None
+                    if exc.__class__ in self.error_handlers:
+                        try:
+                            res = self.error_handlers[exc.__class__](req, exc)
+                        except Exception as exc2:  # pragma: no cover
+                            print_exception(exc2)
+                    if res is None:
+                        if 500 in self.error_handlers:
+                            res = self.error_handlers[500](req)
+                        else:
+                            res = 'Internal server error', 500
+        else:
+            res = 'Bad request', 400
+        if isinstance(res, tuple):
+            res = Response(*res)
+        elif not isinstance(res, Response):
+            res = Response(res)
+        res.write(stream)
+        stream.close()
+        if stream != sock:  # pragma: no cover
+            sock.close()
+        if self.shutdown_requested:  # pragma: no cover
+            self.server.close()
+        if self.debug and req:  # pragma: no cover
+            print('{method} {path} {status_code}'.format(
+                method=req.method, path=req.path,
+                status_code=res.status_code))
+
+
+redirect = Response.redirect
+send_file = Response.send_file

src/microdot_asyncio.py

@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+"""
+microdot_asyncio
+----------------
+
+The ``microdot_asyncio`` module defines a few classes that help implement
+HTTP-based servers for MicroPython and standard Python that use ``asyncio``
+and coroutines.
+"""
+try:
+    import uasyncio as asyncio
+except ImportError:
+    import asyncio
+from microdot import Microdot as BaseMicrodot
+from microdot import print_exception
+from microdot import Request as BaseRequest
+from microdot import Response as BaseResponse
+
+
+def _iscoroutine(coro):
+    return hasattr(coro, 'send') and hasattr(coro, 'throw')
+
+
+class Request(BaseRequest):
+    @staticmethod
+    async def create(app, client_stream, client_addr):
+        """Create a request object.
+
+        :param app: The Microdot application instance.
+        :param client_stream: An input stream from where the request data can
+                              be read.
+        :param client_addr: The address of the client, as a tuple.
+
+        This method is a coroutine. It returns a newly created ``Request``
+        object.
+        """
+        # request line
+        line = (await Request._safe_readline(client_stream)).strip().decode()
+        if not line:  # pragma: no cover
+            return None
+        method, url, http_version = line.split()
+        http_version = http_version.split('/', 1)[1]
+
+        # headers
+        headers = {}
+        content_length = 0
+        while True:
+            line = (await Request._safe_readline(
+                client_stream)).strip().decode()
+            if line == '':
+                break
+            header, value = line.split(':', 1)
+            value = value.strip()
+            headers[header] = value
+            if header == 'Content-Length':
+                content_length = int(value)
+
+        # body
+        body = await client_stream.read(content_length) if content_length and \
+            content_length <= Request.max_content_length else b''
+
+        return Request(app, client_addr, method, url, http_version, headers,
+                       body)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def _safe_readline(stream):
+        line = (await stream.readline())
+        if len(line) > Request.max_readline:
+            raise ValueError('line too long')
+        return line
+
+
+class Response(BaseResponse):
+    """An HTTP response class.
+
+    :param body: The body of the response. If a dictionary or list is given,
+                 a JSON formatter is used to generate the body.
+    :param status_code: The numeric HTTP status code of the response. The
+                        default is 200.
+    :param headers: A dictionary of headers to include in the response.
+    :param reason: A custom reason phrase to add after the status code. The
+                   default is "OK" for responses with a 200 status code and
+                   "N/A" for any other status codes.
+    """
+    async def write(self, stream):
+        self.complete()
+
+        # status code
+        reason = self.reason if self.reason is not None else \
+            ('OK' if self.status_code == 200 else 'N/A')
+        await stream.awrite('HTTP/1.0 {status_code} {reason}\r\n'.format(
+            status_code=self.status_code, reason=reason).encode())
+
+        # headers
+        for header, value in self.headers.items():
+            values = value if isinstance(value, list) else [value]
+            for value in values:
+                await stream.awrite('{header}: {value}\r\n'.format(
+                    header=header, value=value).encode())
+        await stream.awrite(b'\r\n')
+
+        # body
+        if self.body:
+            if hasattr(self.body, 'read'):
+                while True:
+                    buf = self.body.read(self.send_file_buffer_size)
+                    if len(buf):
+                        await stream.awrite(buf)
+                    if len(buf) < self.send_file_buffer_size:
+                        break
+                if hasattr(self.body, 'close'):  # pragma: no cover
+                    self.body.close()
+            else:
+                await stream.awrite(self.body)
+
+
+class Microdot(BaseMicrodot):
+    async def start_server(self, host='0.0.0.0', port=5000, debug=False):
+        """Start the Microdot web server as a coroutine. This coroutine does
+        not normally return, as the server enters an endless listening loop.
+        The :func:`shutdown` function provides a method for terminating the
+        server gracefully.
+
+        :param host: The hostname or IP address of the network interface that
+                     will be listening for requests. A value of ``'0.0.0.0'``
+                     (the default) indicates that the server should listen for
+                     requests on all the available interfaces, and a value of
+                     ``127.0.0.1`` indicates that the server should listen
+                     for requests only on the internal networking interface of
+                     the host.
+        :param port: The port number to listen for requests. The default is
+                     port 5000.
+        :param debug: If ``True``, the server logs debugging information. The
+                      default is ``False``.
+
+        This method is a coroutine.
+
+        Example::
+
+            import asyncio
+            from microdot_asyncio import Microdot
+
+            app = Microdot()
+
+            @app.route('/')
+            async def index():
+                return 'Hello, world!'
+
+            async def main():
+                await app.start_server(debug=True)
+
+            asyncio.run(main())
+        """
+        self.debug = debug
+
+        async def serve(reader, writer):
+            if not hasattr(writer, 'awrite'):  # pragma: no cover
+                # CPython provides the awrite and aclose methods in 3.8+
+                async def awrite(self, data):
+                    self.write(data)
+                    await self.drain()
+
+                async def aclose(self):
+                    self.close()
+                    await self.wait_closed()
+
+                from types import MethodType
+                writer.awrite = MethodType(awrite, writer)
+                writer.aclose = MethodType(aclose, writer)
+
+            await self.dispatch_request(reader, writer)
+
+        if self.debug:  # pragma: no cover
+            print('Starting async server on {host}:{port}...'.format(
+                host=host, port=port))
+
+        self.server = await asyncio.start_server(serve, host, port)
+        while True:
+            try:
+                await self.server.wait_closed()
+                break
+            except AttributeError:  # pragma: no cover
+                # the task hasn't been initialized in the server object yet
+                # wait a bit and try again
+                await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+
+    def run(self, host='0.0.0.0', port=5000, debug=False):
+        """Start the web server. This function does not normally return, as
+        the server enters an endless listening loop. The :func:`shutdown`
+        function provides a method for terminating the server gracefully.
+
+        :param host: The hostname or IP address of the network interface that
+                     will be listening for requests. A value of ``'0.0.0.0'``
+                     (the default) indicates that the server should listen for
+                     requests on all the available interfaces, and a value of
+                     ``127.0.0.1`` indicates that the server should listen
+                     for requests only on the internal networking interface of
+                     the host.
+        :param port: The port number to listen for requests. The default is
+                     port 5000.
+        :param debug: If ``True``, the server logs debugging information. The
+                      default is ``False``.
+
+        Example::
+
+            from microdot_asyncio import Microdot
+
+            app = Microdot()
+
+            @app.route('/')
+            async def index():
+                return 'Hello, world!'
+
+            app.run(debug=True)
+        """
+        asyncio.run(self.start_server(host=host, port=port, debug=debug))
+
+    def shutdown(self):
+        self.server.close()
+
+    async def dispatch_request(self, reader, writer):
+        req = None
+        try:
+            req = await Request.create(self, reader,
+                                       writer.get_extra_info('peername'))
+        except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover
+            print_exception(exc)
+        if req:
+            if req.content_length > req.max_content_length:
+                if 413 in self.error_handlers:
+                    res = await self._invoke_handler(
+                        self.error_handlers[413], req)
+                else:
+                    res = 'Payload too large', 413
+            else:
+                f = self.find_route(req)
+                try:
+                    res = None
+                    if f:
+                        for handler in self.before_request_handlers:
+                            res = await self._invoke_handler(handler, req)
+                            if res:
+                                break
+                        if res is None:
+                            res = await self._invoke_handler(
+                                f, req, **req.url_args)
+                        if isinstance(res, tuple):
+                            res = Response(*res)
+                        elif not isinstance(res, Response):
+                            res = Response(res)
+                        for handler in self.after_request_handlers:
+                            res = await self._invoke_handler(
+                                handler, req, res) or res
+                    elif 404 in self.error_handlers:
+                        res = await self._invoke_handler(
+                            self.error_handlers[404], req)
+                    else:
+                        res = 'Not found', 404
+                except Exception as exc:
+                    print_exception(exc)
+                    res = None
+                    if exc.__class__ in self.error_handlers:
+                        try:
+                            res = await self._invoke_handler(
+                                self.error_handlers[exc.__class__], req, exc)
+                        except Exception as exc2:  # pragma: no cover
+                            print_exception(exc2)
+                    if res is None:
+                        if 500 in self.error_handlers:
+                            res = await self._invoke_handler(
+                                self.error_handlers[500], req)
+                        else:
+                            res = 'Internal server error', 500
+        else:
+            res = 'Bad request', 400
+        if isinstance(res, tuple):
+            res = Response(*res)
+        elif not isinstance(res, Response):
+            res = Response(res)
+        await res.write(writer)
+        await writer.aclose()
+        if self.debug and req:  # pragma: no cover
+            print('{method} {path} {status_code}'.format(
+                method=req.method, path=req.path,
+                status_code=res.status_code))
+
+    async def _invoke_handler(self, f_or_coro, *args, **kwargs):
+        ret = f_or_coro(*args, **kwargs)
+        if _iscoroutine(ret):
+            ret = await ret
+        return ret
+
+
+redirect = Response.redirect
+send_file = Response.send_file

tests/__init__.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from tests.microdot.test_multidict import TestMultiDict
 from tests.microdot.test_request import TestRequest
 from tests.microdot.test_response import TestResponse
 from tests.microdot.test_url_pattern import TestURLPattern

tests/microdot/test_microdot.py

@@ -65,6 +65,52 @@ class TestMicrodot(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
         self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nbar'))
 
+    def test_empty_request(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fd = mock_socket.FakeStream(b'\n')
+        mock_socket._requests.append(fd)
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 400 N/A\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 11\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nBad request'))
+
+    def test_method_decorators(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.get('/get')
+        def get(req):
+            return 'GET'
+
+        @app.post('/post')
+        def post(req):
+            return 'POST'
+
+        @app.put('/put')
+        def put(req):
+            return 'PUT'
+
+        @app.patch('/patch')
+        def patch(req):
+            return 'PATCH'
+
+        @app.delete('/delete')
+        def delete(req):
+            return 'DELETE'
+
+        methods = ['GET', 'POST', 'PUT', 'PATCH', 'DELETE']
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fds = [mock_socket.add_request(method, '/' + method.lower())
+               for method in methods]
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        for fd, method in zip(fds, methods):
+            self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(
+                b'\r\n\r\n' + method.encode()))
+
     def test_before_after_request(self):
         app = Microdot()
 
@@ -149,6 +195,42 @@ class TestMicrodot(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
         self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\n404'))
 
+    def test_413(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.route('/')
+        def index(req):
+            return 'foo'
+
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fd = mock_socket.add_request('GET', '/foo', body='x' * 17000)
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 413 N/A\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 17\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nPayload too large'))
+
+    def test_413_handler(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.route('/')
+        def index(req):
+            return 'foo'
+
+        @app.errorhandler(413)
+        def handle_413(req):
+            return '413', 400
+
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fd = mock_socket.add_request('GET', '/foo', body='x' * 17000)
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 400 N/A\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 3\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\n413'))
+
     def test_500(self):
         app = Microdot()
 

tests/microdot/test_multidict.py

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import unittest
+from microdot import MultiDict
+
+
+class TestMultiDict(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_multidict(self):
+        d = MultiDict()
+
+        assert dict(d) == {}
+        assert d.get('zero') is None
+        assert d.get('zero', default=0) == 0
+        assert d.getlist('zero') == []
+        assert d.getlist('zero', type=int) == []
+
+        d['one'] = 1
+        assert d['one'] == 1
+        assert d.get('one') == 1
+        assert d.get('one', default=2) == 1
+        assert d.get('one', type=int) == 1
+        assert d.get('one', type=str) == '1'
+
+        d['two'] = 1
+        d['two'] = 2
+        assert d['two'] == 1
+        assert d.get('two') == 1
+        assert d.get('two', default=2) == 1
+        assert d.get('two', type=int) == 1
+        assert d.get('two', type=str) == '1'
+        assert d.getlist('two') == [1, 2]
+        assert d.getlist('two', type=int) == [1, 2]
+        assert d.getlist('two', type=str) == ['1', '2']

tests/microdot/test_request.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import unittest
-from microdot import Request
+from microdot import Request, MultiDict
 from tests.mock_socket import get_request_fd
 
 
@@ -42,7 +42,8 @@ class TestRequest(unittest.TestCase):
         fd = get_request_fd('GET', '/?foo=bar&abc=def&x=%2f%%')
         req = Request.create('app', fd, 'addr')
         self.assertEqual(req.query_string, 'foo=bar&abc=def&x=%2f%%')
-        self.assertEqual(req.args, {'foo': 'bar', 'abc': 'def', 'x': '/%%'})
+        self.assertEqual(req.args, MultiDict(
+            {'foo': 'bar', 'abc': 'def', 'x': '/%%'}))
 
     def test_json(self):
         fd = get_request_fd('GET', '/foo', headers={
@@ -68,7 +69,8 @@ class TestRequest(unittest.TestCase):
             body='foo=bar&abc=def&x=%2f%%')
         req = Request.create('app', fd, 'addr')
         form = req.form
-        self.assertEqual(form, {'foo': 'bar', 'abc': 'def', 'x': '/%%'})
+        self.assertEqual(form, MultiDict(
+            {'foo': 'bar', 'abc': 'def', 'x': '/%%'}))
         self.assertTrue(req.form is form)
 
         fd = get_request_fd('GET', '/foo', headers={
@@ -76,3 +78,27 @@ class TestRequest(unittest.TestCase):
             body='foo=bar&abc=def&x=%2f%%')
         req = Request.create('app', fd, 'addr')
         self.assertIsNone(req.form)
+
+    def test_large_line(self):
+        saved_max_readline = Request.max_readline
+        Request.max_readline = 16
+
+        fd = get_request_fd('GET', '/foo', headers={
+            'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'},
+            body='foo=bar&abc=def&x=y')
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            Request.create('app', fd, 'addr')
+
+        Request.max_readline = saved_max_readline
+
+    def test_large_payload(self):
+        saved_max_content_length = Request.max_content_length
+        Request.max_content_length = 16
+
+        fd = get_request_fd('GET', '/foo', headers={
+            'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'},
+            body='foo=bar&abc=def&x=y')
+        req = Request.create('app', fd, 'addr')
+        self.assertEqual(req.body, b'')
+
+        Request.max_content_length = saved_max_content_length

tests/microdot/test_response.py

@@ -112,6 +112,28 @@ class TestResponse(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(res.headers, {'X-Test': 'Foo'})
         self.assertEqual(res.body, b'foo')
 
+    def test_create_with_reason(self):
+        res = Response('foo', reason='ALL GOOD!')
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(res.headers, {})
+        self.assertEqual(res.reason, 'ALL GOOD!')
+        self.assertEqual(res.body, b'foo')
+        fd = io.BytesIO()
+        res.write(fd)
+        response = fd.getvalue()
+        self.assertIn(b'HTTP/1.0 200 ALL GOOD!\r\n', response)
+
+    def test_create_with_status_and_reason(self):
+        res = Response('not found', 404, reason='NOT FOUND')
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 404)
+        self.assertEqual(res.headers, {})
+        self.assertEqual(res.reason, 'NOT FOUND')
+        self.assertEqual(res.body, b'not found')
+        fd = io.BytesIO()
+        res.write(fd)
+        response = fd.getvalue()
+        self.assertIn(b'HTTP/1.0 404 NOT FOUND\r\n', response)
+
     def test_cookies(self):
         res = Response('ok')
         res.set_cookie('foo1', 'bar1')

tests/microdot_asyncio/test_microdot_asyncio.py

@@ -76,6 +76,19 @@ class TestMicrodotAsync(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd2.response)
         self.assertTrue(fd2.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nbar-async'))
 
+    def test_empty_request(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fd = mock_socket.FakeStream(b'\n')
+        mock_socket._requests.append(fd)
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 400 N/A\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 11\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nBad request'))
+
     def test_before_after_request(self):
         app = Microdot()
 
@@ -160,6 +173,42 @@ class TestMicrodotAsync(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
         self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\n404'))
 
+    def test_413(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.route('/')
+        def index(req):
+            return 'foo'
+
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fd = mock_socket.add_request('GET', '/foo', body='x' * 17000)
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 413 N/A\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 17\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\nPayload too large'))
+
+    def test_413_handler(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+
+        @app.route('/')
+        def index(req):
+            return 'foo'
+
+        @app.errorhandler(413)
+        async def handle_413(req):
+            return '413', 400
+
+        mock_socket.clear_requests()
+        fd = mock_socket.add_request('GET', '/foo', body='x' * 17000)
+        self._add_shutdown(app)
+        app.run()
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.startswith(b'HTTP/1.0 400 N/A\r\n'))
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Length: 3\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: text/plain\r\n', fd.response)
+        self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\n413'))
+
     def test_500(self):
         app = Microdot()
 

tests/microdot_asyncio/test_request_asyncio.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ except ImportError:
     import asyncio
 
 import unittest
+from microdot import MultiDict
 from microdot_asyncio import Request
 from tests.mock_socket import get_async_request_fd
 
@@ -51,7 +52,8 @@ class TestRequestAsync(unittest.TestCase):
         fd = get_async_request_fd('GET', '/?foo=bar&abc=def&x=%2f%%')
         req = _run(Request.create('app', fd, 'addr'))
         self.assertEqual(req.query_string, 'foo=bar&abc=def&x=%2f%%')
-        self.assertEqual(req.args, {'foo': 'bar', 'abc': 'def', 'x': '/%%'})
+        self.assertEqual(req.args, MultiDict(
+            {'foo': 'bar', 'abc': 'def', 'x': '/%%'}))
 
     def test_json(self):
         fd = get_async_request_fd('GET', '/foo', headers={
@@ -77,7 +79,8 @@ class TestRequestAsync(unittest.TestCase):
             body='foo=bar&abc=def&x=%2f%%')
         req = _run(Request.create('app', fd, 'addr'))
         form = req.form
-        self.assertEqual(form, {'foo': 'bar', 'abc': 'def', 'x': '/%%'})
+        self.assertEqual(form, MultiDict(
+            {'foo': 'bar', 'abc': 'def', 'x': '/%%'}))
         self.assertTrue(req.form is form)
 
         fd = get_async_request_fd('GET', '/foo', headers={
@@ -85,3 +88,27 @@ class TestRequestAsync(unittest.TestCase):
             body='foo=bar&abc=def&x=%2f%%')
         req = _run(Request.create('app', fd, 'addr'))
         self.assertIsNone(req.form)
+
+    def test_large_line(self):
+        saved_max_readline = Request.max_readline
+        Request.max_readline = 16
+
+        fd = get_async_request_fd('GET', '/foo', headers={
+            'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'},
+            body='foo=bar&abc=def&x=y')
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            _run(Request.create('app', fd, 'addr'))
+
+        Request.max_readline = saved_max_readline
+
+    def test_large_payload(self):
+        saved_max_content_length = Request.max_content_length
+        Request.max_content_length = 16
+
+        fd = get_async_request_fd('GET', '/foo', headers={
+            'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'},
+            body='foo=bar&abc=def&x=y')
+        req = _run(Request.create('app', fd, 'addr'))
+        self.assertEqual(req.body, b'')
+
+        Request.max_content_length = saved_max_content_length

tests/microdot_asyncio/test_response_asyncio.py

@@ -85,6 +85,26 @@ class TestResponseAsync(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIn(b'Content-Type: application/json\r\n', fd.response)
         self.assertTrue(fd.response.endswith(b'\r\n\r\n[1, "2"]'))
 
+    def test_create_with_reason(self):
+        res = Response('foo', reason='ALL GOOD!')
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(res.headers, {})
+        self.assertEqual(res.reason, 'ALL GOOD!')
+        self.assertEqual(res.body, b'foo')
+        fd = FakeStreamAsync()
+        _run(res.write(fd))
+        self.assertIn(b'HTTP/1.0 200 ALL GOOD!\r\n', fd.response)
+
+    def test_create_with_status_and_reason(self):
+        res = Response('not found', 404, reason='NOT FOUND')
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 404)
+        self.assertEqual(res.headers, {})
+        self.assertEqual(res.reason, 'NOT FOUND')
+        self.assertEqual(res.body, b'not found')
+        fd = FakeStreamAsync()
+        _run(res.write(fd))
+        self.assertIn(b'HTTP/1.0 404 NOT FOUND\r\n', fd.response)
+
     def test_send_file(self):
         res = Response.send_file('tests/files/test.txt',
                                  content_type='text/html')

tox.ini

@@ -13,17 +13,17 @@ python =
 
 [testenv]
 commands=
-    pip install -e microdot
-    pip install -e microdot-asyncio
-    coverage run --branch --include="microdot*.py" -m unittest tests
-    coverage report --show-missing
-deps=coverage
+    pip install -e .
+    pytest -p no:logging --cov=src --cov-branch --cov-report=term-missing
+deps=
+    pytest
+    pytest-cov
 
 [testenv:flake8]
 deps=
     flake8
 commands=
-    flake8 --ignore=W503 --exclude tests/libs microdot microdot-asyncio tests
+    flake8 --ignore=W503 --exclude tests/libs src tests
 
 [testenv:upy]
 whitelist_externals=sh