Release 2.3.2

Bumps [h11](https://github.com/python-hyper/h11) from 0.14.0 to 0.16.0.
- [Commits](https://github.com/python-hyper/h11/compare/v0.14.0...v0.16.0)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: h11
  dependency-version: 0.16.0
  dependency-type: indirect
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

CHANGES.md

@@ -1,16 +1,29 @@
 # Microdot change log
 
+**Release 2.3.2** - 2025-05-08
+
+- Use async error handlers in auth module [#298](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/issues/298) ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/d9d7ff0825e4c5fbed6564d3684374bf3937df11))
+
+**Release 2.3.1** - 2025-04-13
+
+- Additional support needed when using `orjson` ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/cd0b3234ddb0c8ff4861d369836ec2aed77494db))
+
+**Release 2.3.0** - 2025-04-12
+
+- Support optional authentication methods ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/f317b15bdbf924007e5e3414e0c626baccc3ede6))
+- Catch SSL exceptions while writing the response [#206](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/issues/206) ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/e7ee74d6bba74cfd89b9ddc38f28e02514eb1791))
+- Use `orjson` instead of `json` if available ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/086f2af3deab86d4340f3f1feb9e019de59f351d))
+- Addressed typing warnings from pyright ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/b6f232db1125045d79c444c736a2ae59c5501fdd))
+
 **Release 2.2.0** - 2025-03-22
 
-- Support for multipart/form-data requests [#287](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/issues/287) ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/11a91a60350518e426b557fae8dffe75912f8823))
-- Support custom path components in URLs ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/c92b5ae28222af5a1094f5d2f70a45d4d17653d5))
-- Expose the Jinja environment as Template.jinja_env ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/953dd9432122defe943f0637bbe7e01f2fc7743f))
-- Delay route compilation to allow late register_type calls ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/aa76e6378b37faab52008a8aab8db75f81b29323))
-- urldecoding should always be done in bytes ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/d203df75fef32c7cc0fe7cc6525e77522b37a289))
-- Simplified urldecode logic ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/3bc31f10b2b2d4460c62366013278d87665f0f97))
+- Support for `multipart/form-data` requests [#287](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/issues/287) ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/11a91a60350518e426b557fae8dffe75912f8823))
+- Support custom path components in URLs ([commit #1](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/c92b5ae28222af5a1094f5d2f70a45d4d17653d5) [commit #2](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/aa76e6378b37faab52008a8aab8db75f81b29323))
+- Expose the Jinja environment as `Template.jinja_env` ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/953dd9432122defe943f0637bbe7e01f2fc7743f))
+- Simplified urldecode logic ([commit #1](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/3bc31f10b2b2d4460c62366013278d87665f0f97) [commit #2](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/d203df75fef32c7cc0fe7cc6525e77522b37a289))
 - Additional urldecode tests ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/99f65c0198590c0dfb402c24685b6f8dfba1935d))
-- Update micropython version used in tests to 1.24.1 ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/4cc2e95338a7de3b03742389004147ee21285621))
 - Documentation improvements ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/c6b99b6d8117d4e40e16d5b953dbf4deb023d24d))
+- Update micropython version used in tests to 1.24.1 ([commit](https://github.com/miguelgrinberg/microdot/commit/4cc2e95338a7de3b03742389004147ee21285621))
 
 **Release 2.1.0** - 2025-02-04
 

docs/extensions.rst

@@ -414,10 +414,25 @@ decorator::
 While running an authenticated request, the user object returned by the
 authenticaction function is accessible as ``request.g.current_user``.
 
+If an endpoint is intended to work with or without authentication, then it can
+be protected with the ``auth.optional`` decorator::
+
+    @app.route('/')
+    @auth.optional
+    async def index(request):
+        if g.current_user:
+            return f'Hello, {request.g.current_user}!'
+        else:
+            return 'Hello, anonymous user!'
+
+As shown in the example, a route can check ``g.current_user`` to determine if
+the user is authenticated or not.
+
 Token Authentication
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-To set up token authentication, create an instance of :class:`TokenAuth <microdot.auth.TokenAuth>`::
+To set up token authentication, create an instance of
+:class:`TokenAuth <microdot.auth.TokenAuth>`::
 
     from microdot.auth import TokenAuth
 
@@ -437,7 +452,17 @@ protect your routes::
     @auth
     async def index(request):
         return f'Hello, {request.g.current_user}!'
-        
+
+Optional authentication can also be used with tokens::
+
+    @app.route('/')
+    @auth.optional
+    async def index(request):
+        if g.current_user:
+            return f'Hello, {request.g.current_user}!'
+        else:
+            return 'Hello, anonymous user!'
+
 User Logins
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
 

examples/benchmark/requirements.txt

@@ -32,9 +32,9 @@ flask==3.0.0
     # via
     #   -r requirements.in
     #   quart
-gunicorn==22.0.0
+gunicorn==23.0.0
     # via -r requirements.in
-h11==0.14.0
+h11==0.16.0
     # via
     #   hypercorn
     #   uvicorn

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [project]
 name = "microdot"
-version = "2.2.0"
+version = "2.3.2"
 authors = [
     { name = "Miguel Grinberg", email = "miguel.grinberg@gmail.com" },
 ]

src/microdot/auth.py

@@ -36,6 +36,24 @@ class BaseAuth:
 
         return wrapper
 
+    def optional(self, f):
+        """Decorator to protect a route with optional authentication.
+
+        This decorator makes authentication for the decorated route optional,
+        meaning that the route is allowed to run with or with
+        authentication given in the request.
+        """
+        async def wrapper(request, *args, **kwargs):
+            auth = self._get_auth(request)
+            if not auth:
+                request.g.current_user = None
+            else:
+                request.g.current_user = await invoke_handler(
+                    self.auth_callback, request, *auth)
+            return await invoke_handler(f, request, *args, **kwargs)
+
+        return wrapper
+
 
 class BasicAuth(BaseAuth):
     """Basic Authentication.
@@ -67,7 +85,7 @@ class BasicAuth(BaseAuth):
                 return None
             return username, password
 
-    def authentication_error(self, request):
+    async def authentication_error(self, request):
         return '', self.error_status, {
             'WWW-Authenticate': '{} realm="{}", charset="{}"'.format(
                 self.scheme, self.realm, self.charset)}
@@ -140,5 +158,5 @@ class TokenAuth(BaseAuth):
         """
         self.error_callback = f
 
-    def authentication_error(self, request):
+    async def authentication_error(self, request):
         abort(self.error_status)

src/microdot/microdot.py

@@ -7,10 +7,14 @@ servers for MicroPython and standard Python.
 """
 import asyncio
 import io
-import json
 import re
 import time
 
+try:
+    import orjson as json
+except ImportError:
+    import json
+
 try:
     from inspect import iscoroutinefunction, iscoroutine
     from functools import partial
@@ -574,9 +578,9 @@ class Response:
         self.headers = NoCaseDict(headers or {})
         self.reason = reason
         if isinstance(body, (dict, list)):
-            self.body = json.dumps(body).encode()
+            body = json.dumps(body)
             self.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json; charset=UTF-8'
-        elif isinstance(body, str):
+        if isinstance(body, str):
             self.body = body.encode()
         else:
             # this applies to bytes, file-like objects or generators
@@ -1336,9 +1340,9 @@ class Microdot:
             print_exception(exc)
 
         res = await self.dispatch_request(req)
-        if res != Response.already_handled:  # pragma: no branch
-            await res.write(writer)
         try:
+            if res != Response.already_handled:  # pragma: no branch
+                await res.write(writer)
             await writer.aclose()
         except OSError as exc:  # pragma: no cover
             if exc.errno in MUTED_SOCKET_ERRORS:

src/microdot/sse.py

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 import asyncio
-import json
 from microdot.helpers import wraps
 
+try:
+    import orjson as json
+except ImportError:
+    import json
+
 
 class SSE:
     """Server-Sent Events object.
@@ -25,8 +29,8 @@ class SSE:
                       given, it must be a string.
         """
         if isinstance(data, (dict, list)):
-            data = json.dumps(data).encode()
-        elif isinstance(data, str):
+            data = json.dumps(data)
+        if isinstance(data, str):
             data = data.encode()
         elif not isinstance(data, bytes):
             data = str(data).encode()

src/microdot/test_client.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import json
 from microdot.microdot import Request, Response, AsyncBytesIO
 
 try:
@@ -6,6 +5,11 @@ try:
 except:  # pragma: no cover  # noqa: E722
     WebSocket = None
 
+try:
+    import orjson as json
+except ImportError:
+    import json
+
 __all__ = ['TestClient', 'TestResponse']
 
 
@@ -19,7 +23,7 @@ class TestResponse:
         #: explicitly sets it on the response object.
         self.reason = None
         #: A dictionary with the response headers.
-        self.headers = None
+        self.headers = {}
         #: The body of the response, as a bytes object.
         self.body = None
         #: The body of the response, decoded to a UTF-8 string. Set to
@@ -101,10 +105,10 @@ class TestClient:
         if body is None:
             body = b''
         elif isinstance(body, (dict, list)):
-            body = json.dumps(body).encode()
+            body = json.dumps(body)
             if 'Content-Type' not in headers:  # pragma: no cover
                 headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'
-        elif isinstance(body, str):
+        if isinstance(body, str):
             body = body.encode()
         if body and 'Content-Length' not in headers:
             headers['Content-Length'] = str(len(body))
@@ -195,7 +199,7 @@ class TestClient:
                                    ('127.0.0.1', 1234))
         res = await self.app.dispatch_request(req)
         if res == Response.already_handled:
-            return None
+            return TestResponse()
         res.complete()
 
         self._update_cookies(res)

tests/test_auth.py

@@ -45,6 +45,38 @@ class TestAuth(unittest.TestCase):
                 b'foo:baz').decode()}))
         self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 401)
 
+    def test_basic_optional_auth(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+        basic_auth = BasicAuth()
+
+        @basic_auth.authenticate
+        def authenticate(request, username, password):
+            if username == 'foo' and password == 'bar':
+                return {'username': username}
+
+        @app.route('/')
+        @basic_auth.optional
+        def index(request):
+            return request.g.current_user['username'] \
+                if request.g.current_user else ''
+
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        res = self._run(client.get('/'))
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(res.text, '')
+
+        res = self._run(client.get('/', headers={
+            'Authorization': 'Basic ' + binascii.b2a_base64(
+                b'foo:bar').decode()}))
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(res.text, 'foo')
+
+        res = self._run(client.get('/', headers={
+            'Authorization': 'Basic ' + binascii.b2a_base64(
+                b'foo:baz').decode()}))
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(res.text, '')
+
     def test_token_auth(self):
         app = Microdot()
         token_auth = TokenAuth()
@@ -67,7 +99,7 @@ class TestAuth(unittest.TestCase):
             'Authorization': 'Basic foo'}))
         self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 401)
 
-        res = self._run(client.get('/', headers={'Authorization': 'foo'}))
+        res = self._run(client.get('/', headers={'Authorization': 'invalid'}))
         self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 401)
 
         res = self._run(client.get('/', headers={
@@ -75,6 +107,39 @@ class TestAuth(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
         self.assertEqual(res.text, 'user')
 
+    def test_token_optional_auth(self):
+        app = Microdot()
+        token_auth = TokenAuth()
+
+        @token_auth.authenticate
+        def authenticate(request, token):
+            if token == 'foo':
+                return 'user'
+
+        @app.route('/')
+        @token_auth.optional
+        def index(request):
+            return request.g.current_user or ''
+
+        client = TestClient(app)
+        res = self._run(client.get('/'))
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(res.text, '')
+
+        res = self._run(client.get('/', headers={
+            'Authorization': 'Basic foo'}))
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(res.text, '')
+
+        res = self._run(client.get('/', headers={'Authorization': 'foo'}))
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(res.text, '')
+
+        res = self._run(client.get('/', headers={
+            'Authorization': 'Bearer foo'}))
+        self.assertEqual(res.status_code, 200)
+        self.assertEqual(res.text, 'user')
+
     def test_token_auth_custom_header(self):
         app = Microdot()
         token_auth = TokenAuth(header='X-Auth-Token')

tests/test_microdot.py

@@ -771,7 +771,7 @@ class TestMicrodot(unittest.TestCase):
 
         client = TestClient(app)
         res = self._run(client.get('/'))
-        self.assertEqual(res, None)
+        self.assertEqual(res.body, None)
 
     def test_mount(self):
         subapp = Microdot()

tests/test_websocket.py

@@ -46,11 +46,11 @@ class TestWebSocket(unittest.TestCase):
 
         client = TestClient(app)
         res = self._run(client.websocket('/echo', ws))
-        self.assertIsNone(res)
+        self.assertIsNone(res.body)
         self.assertEqual(results, ['hello', b'bye', b'*' * 300, b'+' * 65537])
 
         res = self._run(client.websocket('/divzero', ws))
-        self.assertIsNone(res)
+        self.assertIsNone(res.body)
         WebSocket.max_message_length = -1
 
     @unittest.skipIf(sys.implementation.name == 'micropython',
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ class TestWebSocket(unittest.TestCase):
 
         client = TestClient(app)
         res = self._run(client.websocket('/echo', ws))
-        self.assertIsNone(res)
+        self.assertIsNone(res.body)
         self.assertEqual(results, [])
         Request.max_body_length = saved_max_body_length