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v1.25-tonb ... main-tonbe

Author SHA1 Message Date
Matthias Blankertz
9fdf5586f5 rp2/modmachine: Use atomic section macros. 
To avoid undefined references to
mp_thread_begin_atomic_section/mp_thread_end_atomic_section, replace
them with the MICROPY_BEGIN_ATOMIC_SECTION / MICROPY_END_ATOMIC_SECTION
macros. That way, the support for building with MICROPY_PY_THREAD
disabled introduced by commit efa54c27b9 ("rp2/mpconfigport: Allow
MICROPY_PY_THREAD to be disabled by a board.") is useable again.

Fixes commit 19844b4983 ("rp2/modmachine: Prevent lock-up when
lightsleep() called within thread.").

Signed-off-by: Matthias Blankertz <matthias@blankertz.org>
 2024-05-31 19:00:13 +02:00
1619 changed files with 9742 additions and 55219 deletions
Expand all files Collapse all files

30
.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.yml vendored
View File

@@ -11,10 +11,19 @@ body:
* If you have a question \"How Do I ...?\", please post it on [GitHub Discussions](https://github.com/orgs/micropython/discussions/) or [Discord](https://discord.gg/RB8HZSAExQ) instead of here.
* For missing or incorrect documentation, or feature requests, then please [choose a different issue type](https://github.com/micropython/micropython/issues/new/choose).
#### Existing issue?
* Please search for [existing issues](https://github.com/micropython/micropython/issues) matching this bug before reporting.
- type: checkboxes
id: terms
attributes:
label: Checks
description: |
Before submitting your bug report, please go over these check points:
options:
- label: |
I agree to follow the MicroPython [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/micropython/micropython/blob/master/CODEOFCONDUCT.md) to ensure a safe and respectful space for everyone.
required: true
- label: |
I've searched for [existing issues](https://github.com/micropython/micropython/issues) matching this bug, and didn't find any.
required: true
- type: input
id: port-board-hw
attributes:
@@ -24,7 +33,7 @@ body:
placeholder: |
esp32 port, ESP32-Fantastic board.
validations:
required: true
required: true
- type: textarea
id: version
attributes:
@@ -92,17 +101,6 @@ body:
description: |
Is there anything else that might help to resolve this issue?
value: No, I've provided everything above.
- type: dropdown
id: code-of-conduct
attributes:
label: Code of Conduct
description: |
Do you agree to follow the MicroPython [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/micropython/micropython/blob/master/CODEOFCONDUCT.md) to ensure a safe and respectful space for everyone?
options:
- "Yes, I agree"
multiple: true
validations:
required: true
- type: markdown
attributes:
value: |

28
.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/documentation.yml vendored
View File

@@ -9,10 +9,19 @@ body:
This form is for reporting issues with the documentation or examples provided with MicroPython.
If you have a general question \"How Do I ...?\", please post it on [GitHub Discussions](https://github.com/orgs/micropython/discussions/) or [Discord](https://discord.gg/RB8HZSAExQ) instead of here.
#### Existing issue?
* Please search for [existing issues](https://github.com/micropython/micropython/issues) before reporting a new one.
- type: checkboxes
id: terms
attributes:
label: Checks
description: |
Before submitting your bug report, please go over these check points:
options:
- label: |
I agree to follow the MicroPython [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/micropython/micropython/blob/master/CODEOFCONDUCT.md) to ensure a safe and respectful space for everyone.
required: true
- label: |
I've searched for [existing issues](https://github.com/micropython/micropython/issues) and didn't find any that matched.
required: true
- type: input
id: page
attributes:
@@ -29,17 +38,6 @@ body:
Please describe what was missing from the documentation and/or what was incorrect/incomplete.
validations:
required: true
- type: dropdown
id: code-of-conduct
attributes:
label: Code of Conduct
description: |
Do you agree to follow the MicroPython [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/micropython/micropython/blob/master/CODEOFCONDUCT.md) to ensure a safe and respectful space for everyone?
options:
- "Yes, I agree"
multiple: true
validations:
required: true
- type: markdown
attributes:
value: |

43
.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.yml vendored
View File

@@ -15,10 +15,19 @@ body:
* If you have a question \"How Do I ...?\", please post it on GitHub Discussions or Discord instead of here.
* Could this feature be implemented as a pure Python library? If so, please open the request on the [micropython-lib repository](https://github.com/micropython/micropython-lib/issues) instead.
#### Existing issue?
* Please search for [existing issues](https://github.com/micropython/micropython/issues) before opening a new one.
- type: checkboxes
id: terms
attributes:
label: Checks
description: |
Before submitting your feature request, please go over these check points:
options:
- label: |
I agree to follow the MicroPython [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/micropython/micropython/blob/master/CODEOFCONDUCT.md) to ensure a safe and respectful space for everyone.
required: true
- label: |
I've searched for [existing issues](https://github.com/micropython/micropython/issues) regarding this feature, and didn't find any.
required: true
- type: textarea
id: feature
attributes:
@@ -42,32 +51,14 @@ body:
MicroPython aims to strike a balance between functionality and code size. Can this feature be optionally enabled?
If you believe the usefulness of this feature would outweigh the additional code size, please explain. (It's OK to say you're unsure here, we're happy to discuss this with you.)
- type: dropdown
- type: checkboxes
id: implementation
attributes:
label: Implementation
description: |
What is your suggestion for implementing this feature?
(See also: [How to sponsor](https://github.com/sponsors/micropython#sponsors), [How to submit a Pull Request](https://github.com/micropython/micropython/wiki/ContributorGuidelines).)
options:
- I hope the MicroPython maintainers or community will implement this feature
- I intend to implement this feature and would submit a Pull Request if desirable
- I would like to sponsor development of this feature
multiple: true
validations:
required: true
- type: dropdown
id: code-of-conduct
attributes:
label: Code of Conduct
description: |
Do you agree to follow the MicroPython [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/micropython/micropython/blob/master/CODEOFCONDUCT.md) to ensure a safe and respectful space for everyone?
options:
- "Yes, I agree"
multiple: true
validations:
required: true
- label: I intend to implement this feature and would submit a Pull Request if desirable.
- label: I hope the MicroPython maintainers or community will implement this feature.
- label: I would like to [Sponsor](https://github.com/sponsors/micropython#sponsors) development of this feature.
- type: markdown
attributes:
value: |

31
.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/security.yml vendored
View File

@@ -9,11 +9,21 @@ body:
1. For issues that are readily exploitable or have high impact, please email contact@micropython.org instead.
1. If this is a question about security, please ask it in [Discussions](https://github.com/orgs/micropython/discussions/) or [Discord](https://discord.gg/RB8HZSAExQ) instead.
#### Existing issue?
* Please search for [existing issues](https://github.com/micropython/micropython/issues) before reporting a new one.
- type: checkboxes
id: terms
attributes:
label: Checks
description: |
Before submitting your bug report, please go over these check points:
options:
- label: |
I agree to follow the MicroPython [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/micropython/micropython/blob/master/CODEOFCONDUCT.md) to ensure a safe and respectful space for everyone.
required: true
- label: I wish to report a specific security issue that is **not readily exploitable and does not have high impact** for MicroPython developers or users.
required: true
- label: |
I've searched for [existing issues](https://github.com/micropython/micropython/issues) and didn't find any that matched.
required: true
- type: input
id: port-board-hw
attributes:
@@ -47,14 +57,3 @@ body:
* How does the attacker exploit this issue?
validations:
required: true
- type: dropdown
id: code-of-conduct
attributes:
label: Code of Conduct
description: |
Do you agree to follow the MicroPython [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/micropython/micropython/blob/master/CODEOFCONDUCT.md) to ensure a safe and respectful space for everyone?
options:
- "Yes, I agree"
multiple: true
validations:
required: true

33
.github/pull_request_template.md vendored
View File

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
<!-- Thanks for submitting a Pull Request! We appreciate you spending the
time to improve MicroPython. Please provide enough information so that
others can review your Pull Request.
Before submitting, please read:
https://github.com/micropython/micropython/blob/master/CODEOFCONDUCT.md
https://github.com/micropython/micropython/wiki/ContributorGuidelines
Please check any CI failures that appear after your Pull Request is opened.
-->
### Summary
<!-- Explain the reason for making this change. What problem does the pull request
solve, or what improvement does it add? Add links if relevant. -->
### Testing
<!-- Explain what testing you did, and on which boards/ports. If there are
boards or ports that you couldn't test, please mention this here as well.
If you leave this empty then your Pull Request may be closed. -->
### Trade-offs and Alternatives
<!-- If the Pull Request has some negative impact (i.e. increased code size)
then please explain why you think the trade-off improvement is worth it.
If you can think of alternative ways to do this, please explain that here too.
Delete this heading if not relevant (i.e. small fixes) -->

3
.github/workflows/code_size.yml vendored
View File

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
name: Check code size
on:
push:
pull_request:
paths:
- '.github/workflows/*.yml'
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ concurrency:
jobs:
build:
runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
with:

2
.github/workflows/code_size_comment.yml vendored
View File

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ concurrency:
jobs:
comment:
runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
steps:
- name: 'Download artifact'
id: download-artifact

2
.github/workflows/codespell.yml vendored
View File

@@ -8,6 +8,6 @@ jobs:
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
# codespell version should be kept in sync with .pre-commit-config.yml
- run: pip install --user codespell==2.4.1 tomli
- run: pip install --user codespell==2.2.6 tomli
- run: codespell

4
.github/workflows/commit_formatting.yml vendored
View File

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
name: Check commit message formatting
on: [pull_request]
on: [push, pull_request]
concurrency:
group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
with:
fetch-depth: 100
fetch-depth: '100'
- uses: actions/setup-python@v5
- name: Check commit message formatting
run: source tools/ci.sh && ci_commit_formatting_run

2
.github/workflows/mpy_format.yml vendored
View File

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ concurrency:
jobs:
test:
runs-on: ubuntu-22.04 # use 22.04 to get python2
runs-on: ubuntu-20.04 # use 20.04 to get python2
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Install packages

6
.github/workflows/ports_esp32.yml vendored
View File

@@ -25,13 +25,13 @@ jobs:
ci_func: # names are functions in ci.sh
- esp32_build_cmod_spiram_s2
- esp32_build_s3_c3
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- id: idf_ver
name: Read the ESP-IDF version (including Python version)
run: source tools/ci.sh && echo "IDF_VER=${IDF_VER}-py${PYTHON_VER}" | tee "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
name: Read the ESP-IDF version
run: source tools/ci.sh && echo "IDF_VER=$IDF_VER" | tee "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
- name: Cached ESP-IDF install
id: cache_esp_idf

2
.github/workflows/ports_mimxrt.yml vendored
View File

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ concurrency:
jobs:
build:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
defaults:
run:
working-directory: 'micropython repo' # test build with space in path

2
.github/workflows/ports_nrf.yml vendored
View File

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ concurrency:
jobs:
build:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Install packages

21
.github/workflows/ports_alif.yml → .github/workflows/ports_qemu-arm.yml vendored
View File

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
name: alif port
name: qemu-arm port
on:
push:
@@ -11,23 +11,22 @@ on:
- 'shared/**'
- 'lib/**'
- 'drivers/**'
- 'ports/alif/**'
- 'ports/qemu-arm/**'
- 'tests/**'
concurrency:
group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
cancel-in-progress: true
jobs:
build_alif:
strategy:
fail-fast: false
matrix:
ci_func: # names are functions in ci.sh
- alif_ae3_build
build_and_test:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Install packages
run: source tools/ci.sh && ci_alif_setup
- name: Build ci_${{matrix.ci_func }}
run: source tools/ci.sh && ci_${{ matrix.ci_func }}
run: source tools/ci.sh && ci_qemu_arm_setup
- name: Build and run test suite
run: source tools/ci.sh && ci_qemu_arm_build
- name: Print failures
if: failure()
run: grep --before-context=100 --text "FAIL" ports/qemu-arm/build/console.out

44
.github/workflows/ports_qemu.yml vendored
View File

@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
name: qemu port
on:
push:
pull_request:
paths:
- '.github/workflows/*.yml'
- 'tools/**'
- 'py/**'
- 'extmod/**'
- 'shared/**'
- 'lib/**'
- 'drivers/**'
- 'ports/qemu/**'
- 'tests/**'
concurrency:
group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
cancel-in-progress: true
jobs:
build_and_test_arm:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Install packages
run: source tools/ci.sh && ci_qemu_setup_arm
- name: Build and run test suite
run: source tools/ci.sh && ci_qemu_build_arm
- name: Print failures
if: failure()
run: tests/run-tests.py --print-failures
build_and_test_rv32:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Install packages
run: source tools/ci.sh && ci_qemu_setup_rv32
- name: Build and run test suite
run: source tools/ci.sh && ci_qemu_build_rv32
- name: Print failures
if: failure()
run: tests/run-tests.py --print-failures

2
.github/workflows/ports_renesas-ra.yml vendored
View File

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ concurrency:
jobs:
build_renesas_ra_board:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Install packages

2
.github/workflows/ports_stm32.yml vendored
View File

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ jobs:
- stm32_pyb_build
- stm32_nucleo_build
- stm32_misc_build
runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Install packages

43
.github/workflows/ports_unix.yml vendored
View File

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ jobs:
(cd ports/unix && gcov -o build-coverage/py ../../py/*.c || true)
(cd ports/unix && gcov -o build-coverage/extmod ../../extmod/*.c || true)
- name: Upload coverage to Codecov
uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
with:
fail_ci_if_error: true
verbose: true
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ jobs:
run: tests/run-tests.py --print-failures
coverage_32bit:
runs-on: ubuntu-22.04 # use 22.04 to get libffi-dev:i386
runs-on: ubuntu-20.04 # use 20.04 to get libffi-dev:i386
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Install packages
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ jobs:
run: tests/run-tests.py --print-failures
nanbox:
runs-on: ubuntu-22.04 # use 22.04 to get python2, and libffi-dev:i386
runs-on: ubuntu-20.04 # use 20.04 to get python2, and libffi-dev:i386
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Install packages
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ jobs:
run: tests/run-tests.py --print-failures
stackless_clang:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Install packages
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ jobs:
run: tests/run-tests.py --print-failures
float_clang:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Install packages
@@ -173,11 +173,6 @@ jobs:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- uses: actions/setup-python@v5
# Python 3.12 is the default for ubuntu-24.04, but that has compatibility issues with settrace tests.
# Can remove this step when ubuntu-latest uses a more recent Python 3.x as the default.
with:
python-version: '3.11'
- name: Build
run: source tools/ci.sh && ci_unix_settrace_build
- name: Run main test suite
@@ -190,11 +185,6 @@ jobs:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- uses: actions/setup-python@v5
# Python 3.12 is the default for ubuntu-24.04, but that has compatibility issues with settrace tests.
# Can remove this step when ubuntu-latest uses a more recent Python 3.x as the default.
with:
python-version: '3.11'
- name: Build
run: source tools/ci.sh && ci_unix_settrace_stackless_build
- name: Run main test suite
@@ -204,7 +194,7 @@ jobs:
run: tests/run-tests.py --print-failures
macos:
runs-on: macos-latest
runs-on: macos-11.0
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- uses: actions/setup-python@v5
@@ -219,8 +209,7 @@ jobs:
run: tests/run-tests.py --print-failures
qemu_mips:
# ubuntu-22.04 is needed for older libffi.
runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Install packages
@@ -234,8 +223,7 @@ jobs:
run: tests/run-tests.py --print-failures
qemu_arm:
# ubuntu-22.04 is needed for older libffi.
runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Install packages
@@ -247,18 +235,3 @@ jobs:
- name: Print failures
if: failure()
run: tests/run-tests.py --print-failures
qemu_riscv64:
# ubuntu-22.04 is needed for older libffi.
runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Install packages
run: source tools/ci.sh && ci_unix_qemu_riscv64_setup
- name: Build
run: source tools/ci.sh && ci_unix_qemu_riscv64_build
- name: Run main test suite
run: source tools/ci.sh && ci_unix_qemu_riscv64_run_tests
- name: Print failures
if: failure()
run: tests/run-tests.py --print-failures

22
.github/workflows/ports_windows.yml vendored
View File

@@ -42,8 +42,6 @@ jobs:
configuration: Debug
- visualstudio: '2019'
configuration: Debug
env:
CI_BUILD_CONFIGURATION: ${{ matrix.configuration }}
runs-on: ${{ matrix.runner }}
steps:
- name: Install Visual Studio 2017
@@ -110,11 +108,16 @@ jobs:
run:
shell: msys2 {0}
steps:
- uses: actions/setup-python@v5
# note: can go back to installing mingw-w64-${{ matrix.env }}-python after
# MSYS2 updates to Python >3.12 (due to settrace compatibility issue)
with:
python-version: '3.11'
- name: Get Python path
id: python_path
shell: python
run: |
import os
import sys
output = f"python={os.fspath(sys.executable)}"
print(output)
with open(os.environ["GITHUB_OUTPUT"], "w") as f:
f.write(output)
- uses: msys2/setup-msys2@v2
with:
msystem: ${{ matrix.sys }}
@@ -123,9 +126,9 @@ jobs:
make
mingw-w64-${{ matrix.env }}-gcc
pkg-config
python3
git
diffutils
path-type: inherit # Remove when setup-python is removed
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- name: Build mpy-cross.exe
run: make -C mpy-cross -j2
@@ -135,7 +138,8 @@ jobs:
run: make -C ports/windows -j2 VARIANT=${{ matrix.variant }}
- name: Run tests
id: test
run: make -C ports/windows test_full VARIANT=${{ matrix.variant }}
# msys python breaks tests so we need to use "real" windows python
run: MICROPY_CPYTHON3=$(cygpath "${{ steps.python_path.outputs.python }}") make -C ports/windows test_full VARIANT=${{ matrix.variant }}
- name: Print failures
if: failure() && steps.test.conclusion == 'failure'
working-directory: tests

31
.github/workflows/ports_zephyr.yml vendored
View File

@@ -20,41 +20,10 @@ jobs:
build:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: jlumbroso/free-disk-space@main
with:
# Only free up a few things so this step runs quickly.
android: false
dotnet: true
haskell: true
large-packages: false
docker-images: false
swap-storage: false
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- id: versions
name: Read Zephyr version
run: source tools/ci.sh && echo "ZEPHYR=$ZEPHYR_VERSION" | tee "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
- name: Cached Zephyr Workspace
id: cache_workspace
uses: actions/cache@v4
with:
# note that the Zephyr CI docker image is 15GB. At time of writing
# GitHub caches are limited to 10GB total for a project. So we only
# cache the "workspace"
path: ./zephyrproject
key: zephyr-workspace-${{ steps.versions.outputs.ZEPHYR }}
- name: ccache
uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2
with:
key: zephyr
- name: Install packages
run: source tools/ci.sh && ci_zephyr_setup
- name: Install Zephyr
if: steps.cache_workspace.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
run: source tools/ci.sh && ci_zephyr_install
- name: Build
run: source tools/ci.sh && ci_zephyr_build
- name: Run main test suite
run: source tools/ci.sh && ci_zephyr_run_tests
- name: Print failures
if: failure()
run: tests/run-tests.py --print-failures

2
.github/workflows/ruff.yml vendored
View File

@@ -8,6 +8,6 @@ jobs:
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
# ruff version should be kept in sync with .pre-commit-config.yaml
- run: pipx install ruff==0.9.6
- run: pip install --user ruff==0.1.3
- run: ruff check --output-format=github .
- run: ruff format --diff .

3
.gitignore vendored
View File

@@ -11,9 +11,8 @@ build/
build-*/
docs/genrst/
# Test failure outputs and intermediate artefacts
# Test failure outputs
tests/results/*
tests/ports/unix/ffi_lib.so
# Python cache files
__pycache__/

8
.gitmodules vendored
View File

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
url = https://github.com/micropython/axtls.git
[submodule "lib/libffi"]
path = lib/libffi
url = https://github.com/libffi/libffi
url = https://github.com/atgreen/libffi
[submodule "lib/lwip"]
path = lib/lwip
url = https://github.com/lwip-tcpip/lwip.git
@@ -68,9 +68,3 @@
[submodule "lib/arduino-lib"]
path = lib/arduino-lib
url = https://github.com/arduino/arduino-lib-mpy.git
[submodule "lib/alif_ensemble-cmsis-dfp"]
path = lib/alif_ensemble-cmsis-dfp
url = https://github.com/alifsemi/alif_ensemble-cmsis-dfp.git
[submodule "lib/alif-security-toolkit"]
path = lib/alif-security-toolkit
url = https://github.com/micropython/alif-security-toolkit.git

4
.pre-commit-config.yaml
View File

@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@ repos:
stages: [commit-msg]
- repo: https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff-pre-commit
# Version should be kept in sync with .github/workflows/ruff.yml
rev: v0.9.6
rev: v0.1.3
hooks:
- id: ruff
- id: ruff-format
- repo: https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell
# Version should be kept in sync with .github/workflows/codespell.yml
rev: v2.4.1
rev: v2.2.6
hooks:
- id: codespell
name: Spellcheck for changed files (codespell)

4
LICENSE
View File

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) 2013-2025 Damien P. George
Copyright (c) 2013-2024 Damien P. George
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ used during the build process and is not part of the compiled source code.
/pico-sdk (BSD-3-clause)
/re15 (BSD-3-clause)
/stm32lib (BSD-3-clause)
/tinytest (BSD-3-clause)
/tinyusb (MIT)
/uzlib (Zlib)
/wiznet5k (MIT)
@@ -72,7 +73,6 @@ used during the build process and is not part of the compiled source code.
/ppp_set_auth.* (Apache-2.0)
/rp2
/mutex_extra.c (BSD-3-clause)
/clocks_extra.c (BSD-3-clause)
/stm32
/usbd*.c (MCD-ST Liberty SW License Agreement V2)
/stm32_it.* (MIT + BSD-3-clause)

10
README.md
View File

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Python 3.5 and some select features from later versions). The following core
datatypes are provided: `str`(including basic Unicode support), `bytes`,
`bytearray`, `tuple`, `list`, `dict`, `set`, `frozenset`, `array.array`,
`collections.namedtuple`, classes and instances. Builtin modules include
`os`, `sys`, `time`, `re`, and `struct`, etc. Some ports have support for
`os`, `sys`, `time`, `re`, and `struct`, etc. Select ports have support for
`_thread` module (multithreading), `socket` and `ssl` for networking, and
`asyncio`. Note that only a subset of Python 3 functionality is implemented
for the data types and modules.
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ DAC, PWM, SPI, I2C, CAN, Bluetooth, and USB.
Getting started
---------------
See the [online documentation](https://docs.micropython.org/) for the API
reference and information about using MicroPython and information about how
See the [online documentation](https://docs.micropython.org/) for API
references and information about using MicroPython and information about how
it is implemented.
We use [GitHub Discussions](https://github.com/micropython/micropython/discussions)
@@ -108,13 +108,13 @@ track of the code size of the core runtime and VM.
In addition, the following ports are provided in this repository:
- [cc3200](ports/cc3200) -- Texas Instruments CC3200 (including PyCom WiPy).
- [esp32](ports/esp32) -- Espressif ESP32 SoC (including ESP32S2, ESP32S3, ESP32C3, ESP32C6).
- [esp32](ports/esp32) -- Espressif ESP32 SoC (including ESP32S2, ESP32S3, ESP32C3).
- [esp8266](ports/esp8266) -- Espressif ESP8266 SoC.
- [mimxrt](ports/mimxrt) -- NXP m.iMX RT (including Teensy 4.x).
- [nrf](ports/nrf) -- Nordic Semiconductor nRF51 and nRF52.
- [pic16bit](ports/pic16bit) -- Microchip PIC 16-bit.
- [powerpc](ports/powerpc) -- IBM PowerPC (including Microwatt)
- [qemu](ports/qemu) -- QEMU-based emulated target (for testing)
- [qemu-arm](ports/qemu-arm) -- QEMU-based emulated target, for testing)
- [renesas-ra](ports/renesas-ra) -- Renesas RA family.
- [rp2](ports/rp2) -- Raspberry Pi RP2040 (including Pico and Pico W).
- [samd](ports/samd) -- Microchip (formerly Atmel) SAMD21 and SAMD51.

11
docs/conf.py
View File

@@ -36,9 +36,6 @@ html_context = {
"is_release": micropy_version != "latest",
}
# Authors used in various parts of the documentation.
micropy_authors = "MicroPython authors and contributors"
# -- General configuration ------------------------------------------------
@@ -71,7 +68,7 @@ master_doc = "index"
# General information about the project.
project = "MicroPython"
copyright = "- The MicroPython Documentation is Copyright © 2014-2025, " + micropy_authors
copyright = "- The MicroPython Documentation is Copyright © 2014-2024, Damien P. George, Paul Sokolovsky, and contributors"
# The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
# |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the
@@ -247,7 +244,7 @@ latex_documents = [
master_doc,
"MicroPython.tex",
"MicroPython Documentation",
micropy_authors,
"Damien P. George, Paul Sokolovsky, and contributors",
"manual",
),
]
@@ -284,7 +281,7 @@ man_pages = [
"index",
"micropython",
"MicroPython Documentation",
[micropy_authors],
["Damien P. George, Paul Sokolovsky, and contributors"],
1,
),
]
@@ -303,7 +300,7 @@ texinfo_documents = [
master_doc,
"MicroPython",
"MicroPython Documentation",
micropy_authors,
"Damien P. George, Paul Sokolovsky, and contributors",
"MicroPython",
"One line description of project.",
"Miscellaneous",

2
docs/develop/cmodules.rst
View File

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ A MicroPython user C module is a directory with the following files:
SRC_USERMOD_LIB_C += $(EXAMPLE_MOD_DIR)/utils/algorithm.c
Similarly, use ``SRC_USERMOD_CXX`` and ``SRC_USERMOD_LIB_CXX`` for C++
source files. If you want to include assembly files use ``SRC_USERMOD_LIB_ASM``.
source files.
If you have custom compiler options (like ``-I`` to add directories to search
for header files), these should be added to ``CFLAGS_USERMOD`` for C code

2
docs/develop/gettingstarted.rst
View File

@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ To run a selection of tests on a board/device connected over USB use:
.. code-block:: bash
$ cd tests
$ ./run-tests.py -t /dev/ttyACM0
$ ./run-tests.py --target minimal --device /dev/ttyACM0
See also :ref:`writingtests`.

12
docs/develop/natmod.rst
View File

@@ -39,8 +39,7 @@ options for the ``ARCH`` variable, see below):
* ``armv7emsp`` (ARM Thumb 2, single precision float, eg Cortex-M4F, Cortex-M7)
* ``armv7emdp`` (ARM Thumb 2, double precision float, eg Cortex-M7)
* ``xtensa`` (non-windowed, eg ESP8266)
* ``xtensawin`` (windowed with window size 8, eg ESP32, ESP32S3)
* ``rv32imc`` (RISC-V 32 bits with compressed instructions, eg ESP32C3, ESP32C6)
* ``xtensawin`` (windowed with window size 8, eg ESP32)
When compiling and linking the native .mpy file the architecture must be chosen
and the corresponding file can only be imported on that architecture. For more
@@ -70,13 +69,6 @@ The known limitations are:
So, if your C code has writable data, make sure the data is defined globally,
without an initialiser, and only written to within functions.
The native module is not automatically linked against the standard static libraries
like ``libm.a`` and ``libgcc.a``, which can lead to ``undefined symbol`` errors.
You can link the runtime libraries by setting ``LINK_RUNTIME = 1``
in your Makefile. Custom static libraries can also be linked by adding
``MPY_LD_FLAGS += -l path/to/library.a``. Note that these are linked into
the native module and will not be shared with other modules or the system.
Linker limitation: the native module is not linked against the symbol table of the
full MicroPython firmware. Rather, it is linked against an explicit table of exported
symbols found in ``mp_fun_table`` (in ``py/nativeglue.h``), that is fixed at firmware
@@ -180,7 +172,7 @@ The file ``Makefile`` contains:
# Source files (.c or .py)
SRC = factorial.c
# Architecture to build for (x86, x64, armv6m, armv7m, xtensa, xtensawin, rv32imc)
# Architecture to build for (x86, x64, armv6m, armv7m, xtensa, xtensawin)
ARCH = x64
# Include to get the rules for compiling and linking the module

2
docs/develop/writingtests.rst
View File

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ Then to run on a board:
.. code-block:: bash
$ ./run-tests.py -t /dev/ttyACM0
$ ./run-tests.py --target minimal --device /dev/ttyACM0
And to run only a certain set of tests (eg a directory):

180
docs/esp32/quickref.rst
View File

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ working with this board it may be useful to get an overview of the microcontroll
general.rst
tutorial/index.rst
Note that there are several varieties of ESP32 -- ESP32, ESP32C3, ESP32C6, ESP32S2, ESP32S3 --
Note that there are several varieties of ESP32 -- ESP32, ESP32C3, ESP32S2, ESP32S3 --
supported by MicroPython, with some differences in functionality between them.
Installing MicroPython
@@ -61,13 +61,13 @@ The :mod:`esp32` module::
import esp32
esp32.raw_temperature() # read the internal temperature of the MCU, in Fahrenheit
esp32.ULP() # access to the Ultra-Low-Power Co-processor, not on ESP32C3/C6
esp32.ULP() # access to the Ultra-Low-Power Co-processor, not on ESP32C3
Note that the temperature sensor in the ESP32 will typically read higher than
ambient due to the IC getting warm while it runs. This effect can be minimised
by reading the temperature sensor immediately after waking up from sleep.
ESP32C3, ESP32C6, ESP32S2, and ESP32S3 also have an internal temperature sensor available.
ESP32C3, ESP32S2, and ESP32S3 also have an internal temperature sensor available.
It is implemented a bit differently to the ESP32 and returns the temperature in
Celsius::
@@ -79,35 +79,35 @@ Networking
WLAN
^^^^
The :class:`network.WLAN` class in the :mod:`network` module::
The :mod:`network` module::
import network
wlan = network.WLAN() # create station interface (the default, see below for an access point interface)
wlan.active(True) # activate the interface
wlan.scan() # scan for access points
wlan.isconnected() # check if the station is connected to an AP
wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) # create station interface
wlan.active(True) # activate the interface
wlan.scan() # scan for access points
wlan.isconnected() # check if the station is connected to an AP
wlan.connect('ssid', 'key') # connect to an AP
wlan.config('mac') # get the interface's MAC address
wlan.ipconfig('addr4') # get the interface's IPv4 addresses
wlan.config('mac') # get the interface's MAC address
wlan.ifconfig() # get the interface's IP/netmask/gw/DNS addresses
ap = network.WLAN(network.WLAN.IF_AP) # create access-point interface
ap.config(ssid='ESP-AP') # set the SSID of the access point
ap.config(max_clients=10) # set how many clients can connect to the network
ap.active(True) # activate the interface
ap = network.WLAN(network.AP_IF) # create access-point interface
ap.config(ssid='ESP-AP') # set the SSID of the access point
ap.config(max_clients=10) # set how many clients can connect to the network
ap.active(True) # activate the interface
A useful function for connecting to your local WiFi network is::
def do_connect():
import machine, network
wlan = network.WLAN()
import network
wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
wlan.active(True)
if not wlan.isconnected():
print('connecting to network...')
wlan.connect('ssid', 'key')
while not wlan.isconnected():
machine.idle()
print('network config:', wlan.ipconfig('addr4'))
pass
print('network config:', wlan.ifconfig())
Once the network is established the :mod:`socket <socket>` module can be used
to create and use TCP/UDP sockets as usual, and the ``requests`` module for
@@ -121,55 +121,32 @@ calling ``wlan.config(reconnects=n)``, where n are the number of desired reconne
attempts (0 means it won't retry, -1 will restore the default behaviour of trying
to reconnect forever).
.. _esp32_network_lan:
LAN
^^^
Built-in MAC (original ESP32)
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
The original ESP32 SoC has a built-in Ethernet MAC. Using this MAC requires an
external Ethernet PHY to be wired to the chip's EMAC pins. Most of the EMAC pin
assignments are fixed, consult the ESP32 datasheet for details.
If the PHY is connected, the internal Ethernet MAC can be configured via
the :class:`network.LAN` constructor::
To use the wired interfaces one has to specify the pins and mode ::
import network
lan = network.LAN(mdc=PIN_MDC, ...) # Set the pin and mode configuration
lan.active(True) # activate the interface
lan.ipconfig('addr4') # get the interface's IPv4 addresses
lan.ifconfig() # get the interface's IP/netmask/gw/DNS addresses
Required keyword arguments for the constructor:
The keyword arguments for the constructor defining the PHY type and interface are:
- ``mdc`` and ``mdio`` - :class:`machine.Pin` objects (or integers) specifying
the MDC and MDIO pins.
- ``phy_type`` - Select the PHY device type. Supported devices are
``PHY_LAN8710``, ``PHY_LAN8720``, ``PHY_IP101``, ``PHY_RTL8201``,
``PHY_DP83848``, ``PHY_KSZ8041`` and ``PHY_KSZ8081``. These values are all
constants defined in the ``network`` module.
- ``phy_addr`` - The address number of the PHY device. Must be an integer in the
range 0x00 to 0x1f, inclusive. Common values are ``0`` and ``1``.
- mdc=pin-object # set the mdc and mdio pins.
- mdio=pin-object
- reset=pin-object # set the reset pin of the PHY device.
- power=pin-object # set the pin which switches the power of the PHY device.
- phy_type=<type> # Select the PHY device type. Supported devices are PHY_LAN8710,
PHY_LAN8720, PH_IP101, PHY_RTL8201, PHY_DP83848 and PHY_KSZ8041
- phy_addr=number # The address number of the PHY device.
- ref_clk_mode=mode # Defines, whether the ref_clk at the ESP32 is an input
or output. Suitable values are Pin.IN and Pin.OUT.
- ref_clk=pin-object # defines the Pin used for ref_clk.
All of the above keyword arguments must be present to configure the interface.
Optional keyword arguments:
- ``reset`` - :class:`machine.Pin` object (or integer) specifying the PHY reset pin.
- ``power`` - :class:`machine.Pin` object (or integer) specifying a pin which
switches the power of the PHY device.
- ``ref_clk`` - :class:`machine.Pin` object (or integer) specifying the pin used
for the EMAC ``ref_clk`` signal. If not specified, the board default is used
(typically GPIO 0, but may be different if a particular board has Ethernet.)
- ``ref_clk_mode`` - Defines whether the EMAC ``ref_clk`` pin of the ESP32
should be an input or an output. Suitable values are ``machine.Pin.IN`` and
``machine.Pin.OUT``. If not specified, the board default is used
(typically input, but may be different if a particular board has Ethernet.)
These are working configurations for LAN interfaces of some popular ESP32 boards::
These are working configurations for LAN interfaces of popular boards::
# Olimex ESP32-GATEWAY: power controlled by Pin(5)
# Olimex ESP32 PoE and ESP32-PoE ISO: power controlled by Pin(12)
@@ -194,66 +171,6 @@ These are working configurations for LAN interfaces of some popular ESP32 boards
lan = network.LAN(id=0, mdc=Pin(23), mdio=Pin(18), power=Pin(5),
phy_type=network.PHY_IP101, phy_addr=1)
.. _esp32_spi_ethernet:
SPI Ethernet Interface
""""""""""""""""""""""
All ESP32 SoCs support external SPI Ethernet interface chips. These are Ethernet
interfaces that connect via a SPI bus, rather than an Ethernet RMII interface.
.. note:: The only exception is the ESP32 ``d2wd`` variant, where this feature is disabled
to save code size.
SPI Ethernet uses the same :class:`network.LAN` constructor, with a different
set of keyword arguments::
import machine, network
spi = machine.SPI(1, sck=SCK_PIN, mosi=MOSI_PIN, miso=MISO_PIN)
lan = network.LAN(spi=spi, cs=CS_PIN, ...) # Set the pin and mode configuration
lan.active(True) # activate the interface
lan.ipconfig('addr4') # get the interface's IPv4 addresses
Required keyword arguments for the constructor:
- ``spi`` - Should be a :class:`machine.SPI` object configured for this
connection. Note that any clock speed configured on the SPI object is ignored,
the SPI Ethernet clock speed is configured at compile time.
- ``cs`` - :class:`machine.Pin` object (or integer) specifying the CS pin
connected to the interface.
- ``int`` - :class:`machine.Pin` object (or integer) specifying the INT pin
connected to the interface.
- ``phy_type`` - Select the SPI Ethernet interface type. Supported devices are
``PHY_KSZ8851SNL``, ``PHY_DM9051``, ``PHY_W5500``. These values are all
constants defined in the ``network`` module.
- ``phy_addr`` - The address number of the PHY device. Must be an integer in the
range 0x00 to 0x1f, inclusive. This is usually ``0`` for SPI Ethernet devices.
All of the above keyword arguments must be present to configure the interface.
Optional keyword arguments for the constructor:
- ``reset`` - :class:`machine.Pin` object (or integer) specifying the SPI Ethernet
interface reset pin.
- ``power`` - :class:`machine.Pin` object (or integer) specifying a pin which
switches the power of the SPI Ethernet interface.
Here is a sample configuration for a WIZNet W5500 chip connected to pins on
an ESP32-S3 development board::
import machine, network
from machine import Pin, SPI
spi = SPI(1, sck=Pin(12), mosi=Pin(13), miso=Pin(14))
lan = network.LAN(spi=spi, phy_type=network.PHY_W5500, phy_addr=0,
cs=Pin(10), int=Pin(11))
.. note:: WIZnet W5500 Ethernet is also supported on some other MicroPython
ports, but using a :ref:`different software interface
<network.WIZNET5K>`.
Delay and timing
----------------
@@ -659,9 +576,7 @@ See :ref:`machine.RTC <machine.RTC>` ::
from machine import RTC
rtc = RTC()
rtc.datetime((2017, 8, 23, 0, 1, 12, 48, 0)) # set a specific date and
# time, eg. 2017/8/23 1:12:48
# the day-of-week value is ignored
rtc.datetime((2017, 8, 23, 1, 12, 48, 0, 0)) # set a specific date and time
rtc.datetime() # get date and time
WDT (Watchdog timer)
@@ -747,7 +662,7 @@ See :ref:`machine.SDCard <machine.SDCard>`. ::
import machine, os, vfs
# On original ESP32, slot 2 uses pins sck=18, cs=5, miso=19, mosi=23
# Slot 2 uses pins sck=18, cs=5, miso=19, mosi=23
sd = machine.SDCard(slot=2)
vfs.mount(sd, '/sd') # mount
@@ -835,33 +750,20 @@ APA102 (DotStar) uses a different driver as it has an additional clock pin.
Capacitive touch
----------------
ESP32, ESP32-S2 and ESP32-S3 support capacitive touch via the ``TouchPad`` class
in the ``machine`` module::
Use the ``TouchPad`` class in the ``machine`` module::
from machine import TouchPad, Pin
t = TouchPad(Pin(14))
t.read() # Returns a smaller number when touched
``TouchPad.read`` returns a value proportional to the capacitance between the
pin and the board's Ground connection. On ESP32 the number becomes smaller when
the pin (or connected touch pad) is touched, on ESP32-S2 and ESP32-S3 the number
becomes larger when the pin is touched.
``TouchPad.read`` returns a value relative to the capacitive variation. Small numbers (typically in
the *tens*) are common when a pin is touched, larger numbers (above *one thousand*) when
no touch is present. However the values are *relative* and can vary depending on the board
and surrounding composition so some calibration may be required.
In all cases, a touch causes a significant change in the return value. Note the
returned values are *relative* and can vary depending on the board and
surrounding environment so some calibration (i.e. comparison to a baseline or
rolling average) may be required.
========= ==============================================
Chip Touch-enabled pins
--------- ----------------------------------------------
ESP32 0, 2, 4, 12, 13, 14, 15, 27, 32, 33
ESP32-S2 1 to 14 inclusive
ESP32-S3 1 to 14 inclusive
========= ==============================================
Trying to assign to any other pins will result in a ``ValueError``.
There are ten capacitive touch-enabled pins that can be used on the ESP32: 0, 2, 4, 12, 13
14, 15, 27, 32, 33. Trying to assign to any other pins will result in a ``ValueError``.
Note that TouchPads can be used to wake an ESP32 from sleep::

1
docs/esp32/tutorial/index.rst
View File

@@ -21,4 +21,3 @@ to `<https://www.python.org>`__.
intro.rst
pwm.rst
peripheral_access.rst
reset.rst

155
docs/esp32/tutorial/intro.rst
View File

@@ -36,95 +36,104 @@ Getting the firmware
The first thing you need to do is download the most recent MicroPython firmware
.bin file to load onto your ESP32 device. You can download it from the
`MicroPython download page`_. Search for your particular board on this page.
`MicroPython downloads page <https://micropython.org/download#esp32>`_.
From here, you have 3 main choices:
.. note:: If you don't see your specific board on the download page, then it's
very likely that one of the generic firmwares will work. These are
listed at the top of the download page and have names matching the
onboard Espressif chip (i.e. `ESP32 / WROOM`_, `ESP32-C3`_,
`ESP32-S3`_, etc).
* Stable firmware builds
* Daily firmware builds
* Daily firmware builds with SPIRAM support
However, you may need to double check with the vendor you purchased
the board from.
From here, you have a choice to make:
* Download a stable firmware release.
* Download a daily firmware "Preview" build.
If you are just starting with MicroPython, the best bet is to go for the stable
Release firmware builds. If you are an advanced, experienced MicroPython ESP32
user who would like to follow development closely and help with testing new
features, then you may find the Preview builds useful.
.. _esp32_flashing:
If you are just starting with MicroPython, the best bet is to go for the Stable
firmware builds. If you are an advanced, experienced MicroPython ESP32 user
who would like to follow development closely and help with testing new
features, there are daily builds. If your board has SPIRAM support you can
use either the standard firmware or the firmware with SPIRAM support, and in
the latter case you will have access to more RAM for Python objects.
Deploying the firmware
----------------------
Once you have the MicroPython firmware you need to load it onto your ESP32
device. There are two main steps to do this: first you need to put your device
in bootloader mode, and second you need to copy across the firmware. The exact
procedure for these steps is highly dependent on the particular board.
Once you have the MicroPython firmware you need to load it onto your ESP32 device.
There are two main steps to do this: first you need to put your device in
bootloader mode, and second you need to copy across the firmware. The exact
procedure for these steps is highly dependent on the particular board and you will
need to refer to its documentation for details.
Detailed steps can be found on the same `MicroPython download page`_ for your
board. It's recommended that you follow the steps on the download page, as they
are customised for your particular board.
Fortunately, most boards have a USB connector, a USB-serial converter, and the DTR
and RTS pins wired in a special way then deploying the firmware should be easy as
all steps can be done automatically. Boards that have such features
include the Adafruit Feather HUZZAH32, M5Stack, Wemos LOLIN32, and TinyPICO
boards, along with the Espressif DevKitC, PICO-KIT, WROVER-KIT dev-kits.
For best results it is recommended to first erase the entire flash of your
device before putting on new MicroPython firmware.
Currently we only support esptool.py to copy across the firmware. You can find
this tool here: `<https://github.com/espressif/esptool/>`__, or install it
using pip::
pip install esptool
Versions starting with 1.3 support both Python 2.7 and Python 3.4 (or newer).
An older version (at least 1.2.1 is needed) works fine but will require Python
2.7.
Using esptool.py you can erase the flash with the command::
esptool.py --port /dev/ttyUSB0 erase_flash
And then deploy the new firmware using::
esptool.py --chip esp32 --port /dev/ttyUSB0 write_flash -z 0x1000 esp32-20180511-v1.9.4.bin
Notes:
* You might need to change the "port" setting to something else relevant for your
PC
* You may need to reduce the baudrate if you get errors when flashing
(eg down to 115200 by adding ``--baud 115200`` into the command)
* For some boards with a particular FlashROM configuration you may need to
change the flash mode (eg by adding ``-fm dio`` into the command)
* The filename of the firmware should match the file that you have
If the above commands run without error then MicroPython should be installed on
your board! Skip ahead to :ref:`esp32_serial_prompt`.
.. _esp32_troubleshooting_install:
Troubleshooting installation problems
-------------------------------------
If you experience problems during flashing or with running firmware immediately
after flashing, here are some troubleshooting recommendations:
* Esptool will try to detect the serial port where your ESP32 is connected. If
this doesn't work, or you have multiple serial ports, then you may need to
manually specify the port by adding the ``--port`` option to the start of the
``esptool.py`` command line. For example, ``esptool.py --port /dev/ttyUSB0
<rest of line>`` for Linux or ``esptool --port COM4 <rest of line>`` for
Windows.
* If the board isn't responding to esptool at all, it may need to be manually
reset into the bootloader download mode. Look for a button marked "BOOT" or
"IO0" on your board and a second button marked "RESET" or "RST". If you have
both buttons, try these steps:
1. Press "BOOT" (or "IO0") and hold it down.
2. Press "RESET" (or "RST") and immediately release it.
3. Release "BOOT" (or "IO0").
4. Re-run the flashing steps from the download page.
If your board doesn't have these buttons, consult the board manufacturer's
documentation about entering bootloader download mode.
* If you get errors part-way through the flashing process then try reducing the
speed of data transfer by removing the ``--baud 460800`` argument.
* Hardware problems can cause flashing to fail. There are two common problems:
bad power source quality, and defective hardware (especially very low cost
unbranded development boards). Speaking of power source, not just raw amperage
is important, but also low ripple and noise/EMI in general. The most reliable
and convenient power source is a USB port.
* If you still experience problems with flashing the firmware then please also
refer to the `esptool Troubleshooting documentation`_.
.. _esp32_serial_prompt:
your board!
Serial prompt
-------------
Once you have the firmware on the device you can access the REPL (Python prompt)
over either UART0, which might be connected to a USB-serial converter depending
on your board, or the chip's built-in USB device. The baudrate is 115200.
over UART0 (GPIO1=TX, GPIO3=RX), which might be connected to a USB-serial
converter, depending on your board. The baudrate is 115200.
From here you can now follow the ESP8266 tutorial, because these two Espressif chips
are very similar when it comes to using MicroPython on them. The ESP8266 tutorial
is found at :ref:`esp8266_tutorial` (but skip the Introduction section).
.. _esptool Troubleshooting documentation: https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esptool/en/latest/esp32/troubleshooting.html
.. _MicroPython download page: https://micropython.org/download/?port=esp32
.. _ESP32 / WROOM: https://micropython.org/download/ESP32_GENERIC
.. _ESP32-C3: https://micropython.org/download/ESP32_GENERIC_C3
.. _ESP32-S3: https://micropython.org/download/ESP32_GENERIC_S3
Troubleshooting installation problems
-------------------------------------
If you experience problems during flashing or with running firmware immediately
after it, here are troubleshooting recommendations:
* Be aware of and try to exclude hardware problems. There are 2 common
problems: bad power source quality, and worn-out/defective FlashROM.
Speaking of power source, not just raw amperage is important, but also low
ripple and noise/EMI in general. The most reliable and convenient power
source is a USB port.
* The flashing instructions above use flashing speed of 460800 baud, which is
good compromise between speed and stability. However, depending on your
module/board, USB-UART converter, cables, host OS, etc., the above baud
rate may be too high and lead to errors. Try a more common 115200 baud
rate instead in such cases.
* To catch incorrect flash content (e.g. from a defective sector on a chip),
add ``--verify`` switch to the commands above.
* If you still experience problems with flashing the firmware please
refer to esptool.py project page, https://github.com/espressif/esptool
for additional documentation and a bug tracker where you can report problems.
* If you are able to flash the firmware but the ``--verify`` option returns
errors even after multiple retries the you may have a defective FlashROM chip.

12
docs/esp32/tutorial/peripheral_access.rst
View File

@@ -32,18 +32,6 @@ the prescaler of the MCPWM0 peripheral.
mem32[MCPWM0] = 0x55 # change PWM_CLK_PRESCALE
print(hex(mem32[MCPWM0])) # read PWM_CLK_CFG_REG
The specific addresses will be different on different ESP32
models. For example, ESP32-S3 uses these values:
.. code-block:: python3
DR_REG_DPORT_BASE = const(0x600C_0000)
DPORT_PERIP_CLK_EN0_REG = const(DR_REG_DPORT_BASE + 0x0018)
DPORT_PERIP_RST_EN0_REG = const(DR_REG_DPORT_BASE + 0x0020)
DPORT_PWM0_CLK_EN = const(1 << 17)
MCPWM0 = const(0x6001_E000 + 0x0004)
...
Note that before a peripheral can be used its clock must be enabled and it must
be taken out of reset. In the above example the following registers are used
for this:

25
docs/esp32/tutorial/reset.rst
View File

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
Factory reset
=============
If something unexpected happens and your ESP32-based board no longer boots
MicroPython, then you may have to factory reset it. For more details, see
:ref:`soft_bricking`.
Factory resetting the MicroPython esp32 port involves fully erasing the flash
and resetting the flash memory, so you will need to re-flash the MicroPython
firmware afterwards and copy any Python files to the filesystem again.
1. You will need the Espressif `esptool`_ installed on your system. This is the
same tool that you may have used to initially install MicroPython on your
board (see :ref:`installation instructions <esp32_flashing>`).
2. Find the serial port name of your board, and then use esptool to erase the
entire flash contents::
esptool.py -p PORTNAME erase_flash
3. Use esptool to flash the MicroPython file to your board again. If needed,
this file and flashing instructions can be found on the `MicroPython
downloads page`_.
.. _esptool: https://github.com/espressif/esptool
.. _MicroPython downloads page: https://micropython.org/download/?port=esp32

35
docs/esp8266/general.rst
View File

@@ -74,7 +74,40 @@ as possible after use.
Boot process
------------
See :doc:`/reference/reset_boot`.
On boot, MicroPython EPS8266 port executes ``_boot.py`` script from internal
frozen modules. It mounts filesystem in FlashROM, or if it's not available,
performs first-time setup of the module and creates the filesystem. This
part of the boot process is considered fixed, and not available for customization
for end users (even if you build from source, please refrain from changes to
it; customization of early boot process is available only to advanced users
and developers, who can diagnose themselves any issues arising from
modifying the standard process).
Once the filesystem is mounted, ``boot.py`` is executed from it. The standard
version of this file is created during first-time module set up and has
commands to start a WebREPL daemon (disabled by default, configurable
with ``webrepl_setup`` module), etc. This
file is customizable by end users (for example, you may want to set some
parameters or add other services which should be run on
a module start-up). But keep in mind that incorrect modifications to boot.py
may still lead to boot loops or lock ups, requiring to reflash a module
from scratch. (In particular, it's recommended that you use either
``webrepl_setup`` module or manual editing to configure WebREPL, but not
both).
As a final step of boot procedure, ``main.py`` is executed from filesystem,
if exists. This file is a hook to start up a user application each time
on boot (instead of going to REPL). For small test applications, you may
name them directly as ``main.py``, and upload to module, but instead it's
recommended to keep your application(s) in separate files, and have just
the following in ``main.py``::
import my_app
my_app.main()
This will allow to keep the structure of your application clear, as well as
allow to install multiple applications on a board, and switch among them.
Known Issues
------------

24
docs/esp8266/quickref.rst
View File

@@ -49,19 +49,19 @@ The :mod:`esp` module::
Networking
----------
The :class:`network.WLAN` class in the :mod:`network` module::
The :mod:`network` module::
import network
wlan = network.WLAN(network.WLAN.IF_STA) # create station interface
wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) # create station interface
wlan.active(True) # activate the interface
wlan.scan() # scan for access points
wlan.isconnected() # check if the station is connected to an AP
wlan.connect('ssid', 'key') # connect to an AP
wlan.config('mac') # get the interface's MAC address
wlan.ipconfig('addr4') # get the interface's IPv4 addresses
wlan.ifconfig() # get the interface's IP/netmask/gw/DNS addresses
ap = network.WLAN(network.WLAN.IF_AP) # create access-point interface
ap = network.WLAN(network.AP_IF) # create access-point interface
ap.active(True) # activate the interface
ap.config(ssid='ESP-AP') # set the SSID of the access point
@@ -69,14 +69,14 @@ A useful function for connecting to your local WiFi network is::
def do_connect():
import network
wlan = network.WLAN(network.WLAN.IF_STA)
wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
wlan.active(True)
if not wlan.isconnected():
print('connecting to network...')
wlan.connect('ssid', 'key')
while not wlan.isconnected():
pass
print('network config:', wlan.ipconfig('addr4'))
print('network config:', wlan.ifconfig())
Once the network is established the :mod:`socket <socket>` module can be used
to create and use TCP/UDP sockets as usual.
@@ -163,10 +163,10 @@ sys.stdin.read() if it's needed to read characters from the UART(0)
while it's also used for the REPL (or detach, read, then reattach).
When detached the UART(0) can be used for other purposes.
If there are no objects in any of the dupterm slots when the REPL is started (on
:doc:`hard or soft reset </reference/reset_boot>`) then UART(0) is automatically
attached. Without this, the only way to recover a board without a REPL would be
to completely erase and reflash (which would install the default boot.py which
If there are no objects in any of the dupterm slots when the REPL is
started (on hard or soft reset) then UART(0) is automatically attached.
Without this, the only way to recover a board without a REPL would be to
completely erase and reflash (which would install the default boot.py which
attaches the REPL).
To detach the REPL from UART0, use::
@@ -284,9 +284,7 @@ See :ref:`machine.RTC <machine.RTC>` ::
from machine import RTC
rtc = RTC()
rtc.datetime((2017, 8, 23, 0, 1, 12, 48, 0)) # set a specific date and
# time, eg. 2017/8/23 1:12:48
# the day-of-week value is ignored
rtc.datetime((2017, 8, 23, 1, 12, 48, 0, 0)) # set a specific date and time
rtc.datetime() # get date and time
# synchronize with ntp

25
docs/esp8266/tutorial/network_basics.rst
View File

@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
Network basics
==============
The :class:`network.WLAN` class in the :mod:`network` module is used to
configure the WiFi connection. There are two WiFi interfaces, one for
the station (when the ESP8266 connects to a router) and one for the
access point (for other devices to connect to the ESP8266). Create
The network module is used to configure the WiFi connection. There are two WiFi
interfaces, one for the station (when the ESP8266 connects to a router) and one
for the access point (for other devices to connect to the ESP8266). Create
instances of these objects using::
>>> import network
>>> sta_if = network.WLAN(network.WLAN.IF_STA)
>>> ap_if = network.WLAN(network.WLAN.IF_AP)
>>> sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
>>> ap_if = network.WLAN(network.AP_IF)
You can check if the interfaces are active by::
@@ -20,10 +19,10 @@ You can check if the interfaces are active by::
You can also check the network settings of the interface by::
>>> ap_if.ipconfig('addr4')
('192.168.4.1', '255.255.255.0')
>>> ap_if.ifconfig()
('192.168.4.1', '255.255.255.0', '192.168.4.1', '8.8.8.8')
The returned values are: IP address and netmask.
The returned values are: IP address, netmask, gateway, DNS.
Configuration of the WiFi
-------------------------
@@ -46,8 +45,8 @@ To check if the connection is established use::
Once established you can check the IP address::
>>> sta_if.ipconfig('addr4')
('192.168.0.2', '255.255.255.0')
>>> sta_if.ifconfig()
('192.168.0.2', '255.255.255.0', '192.168.0.1', '8.8.8.8')
You can then disable the access-point interface if you no longer need it::
@@ -58,14 +57,14 @@ connect to your WiFi network::
def do_connect():
import network
sta_if = network.WLAN(network.WLAN.IF_STA)
sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
if not sta_if.isconnected():
print('connecting to network...')
sta_if.active(True)
sta_if.connect('<ssid>', '<key>')
while not sta_if.isconnected():
pass
print('network config:', sta_if.ipconfig('addr4'))
print('network config:', sta_if.ifconfig())
Sockets
-------

2
docs/esp8266/tutorial/repl.rst
View File

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ browser. The latest versions of Firefox and Chrome are supported.
For your convenience, WebREPL client is hosted at
`<http://micropython.org/webrepl>`__. Alternatively, you can install it
locally from the GitHub repository
locally from the the GitHub repository
`<https://github.com/micropython/webrepl>`__.
Before connecting to WebREPL, you should set a password and enable it via

4
docs/library/array.rst
View File

@@ -19,10 +19,6 @@ Classes
array are given by *iterable*. If it is not provided, an empty
array is created.
In addition to the methods below, array objects also implement the buffer
protocol. This means the contents of the entire array can be accessed as raw
bytes via a `memoryview` or other interfaces which use this protocol.
.. method:: append(val)
Append new element *val* to the end of array, growing it.

6
docs/library/binascii.rst
View File

@@ -36,9 +36,3 @@ Functions
Encode binary data in base64 format, as in `RFC 3548
<https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3548.html>`_. Returns the encoded data
followed by a newline character if newline is true, as a bytes object.
.. function:: crc32(data, [value])
Compute CRC-32, the 32-bit checksum of *data*, starting with an initial CRC
of *value*. The default initial CRC is zero. The algorithm is consistent
with the ZIP file checksum.

2
docs/library/bluetooth.rst
View File

@@ -665,7 +665,7 @@ L2CAP connection-oriented-channels
Connect to a listening peer on the specified *psm* with local MTU set to *mtu*.
On successful connection, the ``_IRQ_L2CAP_CONNECT`` event will be
On successful connection, the the ``_IRQ_L2CAP_CONNECT`` event will be
raised, allowing the client to obtain the CID and the local and remote (peer) MTU.
An unsuccessful connection will raise the ``_IRQ_L2CAP_DISCONNECT`` event

18
docs/library/builtins.rst
View File

@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ Functions and types
.. class:: bytearray()
|see_cpython| `python:bytearray`.
.. class:: bytes()
|see_cpython| `python:bytes`.
@@ -84,10 +82,6 @@ Functions and types
In MicroPython, `byteorder` parameter must be positional (this is
compatible with CPython).
.. note:: The optional ``signed`` kwarg from CPython is not supported.
MicroPython currently converts negative integers as signed,
and positive as unsigned. (:ref:`Details <cpydiff_types_int_to_bytes>`.)
.. function:: isinstance()
.. function:: issubclass()
@@ -106,8 +100,6 @@ Functions and types
.. class:: memoryview()
|see_cpython| `python:memoryview`.
.. function:: min()
.. function:: next()
@@ -174,10 +166,6 @@ Exceptions
.. exception:: KeyboardInterrupt
|see_cpython| `python:KeyboardInterrupt`.
See also in the context of :ref:`soft_bricking`.
.. exception:: KeyError
.. exception:: MemoryError
@@ -198,12 +186,6 @@ Exceptions
|see_cpython| `python:SystemExit`.
On non-embedded ports (i.e. Windows and Unix), an unhandled ``SystemExit``
exits the MicroPython process in a similar way to CPython.
On embedded ports, an unhandled ``SystemExit`` currently causes a
:ref:`soft_reset` of MicroPython.
.. exception:: TypeError
|see_cpython| `python:TypeError`.

39
docs/library/espnow.rst
View File

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ A simple example would be:
import espnow
# A WLAN interface must be active to send()/recv()
sta = network.WLAN(network.WLAN.IF_STA) # Or network.WLAN.IF_AP
sta = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) # Or network.AP_IF
sta.active(True)
sta.disconnect() # For ESP8266
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ A simple example would be:
import espnow
# A WLAN interface must be active to send()/recv()
sta = network.WLAN(network.WLAN.IF_STA)
sta = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
sta.active(True)
sta.disconnect() # Because ESP8266 auto-connects to last Access Point
@@ -164,13 +164,11 @@ Configuration
wait forever. The timeout can also be provided as arg to
`recv()`/`irecv()`/`recvinto()`.
*rate*: (ESP32 only) Set the transmission speed for
*rate*: (ESP32 only, IDF>=4.3.0 only) Set the transmission speed for
ESPNow packets. Must be set to a number from the allowed numeric values
in `enum wifi_phy_rate_t
<https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/v5.2.3/esp32/
api-reference/network/esp_wifi.html#_CPPv415wifi_phy_rate_t>`_. This
parameter is actually *write-only* due to ESP-IDF not providing any
means for querying the radio interface's rate parameter.
<https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/v4.4.1/esp32/
api-reference/network/esp_wifi.html#_CPPv415wifi_phy_rate_t>`_.
.. data:: Returns:
@@ -184,14 +182,14 @@ Configuration
Sending and Receiving Data
--------------------------
A wifi interface (``network.WLAN.IF_STA`` or ``network.WLAN.IF_AP``) must be
A wifi interface (``network.STA_IF`` or ``network.AP_IF``) must be
`active()<network.WLAN.active>` before messages can be sent or received,
but it is not necessary to connect or configure the WLAN interface.
For example::
import network
sta = network.WLAN(network.WLAN.IF_STA)
sta = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
sta.active(True)
sta.disconnect() # For ESP8266
@@ -443,14 +441,12 @@ must first register the sender and use the same encryption keys as the sender
- *channel*: The wifi channel (2.4GHz) to communicate with this peer.
Must be an integer from 0 to 14. If channel is set to 0 the current
channel of the wifi device will be used, if channel is set to another
value then this must match the channel currently configured on the
interface (see :func:`WLAN.config`). (default=0)
channel of the wifi device will be used. (default=0)
- *ifidx*: (ESP32 only) Index of the wifi interface which will be
used to send data to this peer. Must be an integer set to
``network.WLAN.IF_STA`` (=0) or ``network.WLAN.IF_AP`` (=1).
(default=0/``network.WLAN.IF_STA``). See `ESPNow and Wifi Operation`_
``network.STA_IF`` (=0) or ``network.AP_IF`` (=1).
(default=0/``network.STA_IF``). See `ESPNow and Wifi Operation`_
below for more information.
- *encrypt*: (ESP32 only) If set to ``True`` data exchanged with
@@ -474,9 +470,6 @@ must first register the sender and use the same encryption keys as the sender
registered.
- ``OSError(num, "ESP_ERR_ESPNOW_FULL")`` if too many peers are
already registered.
- ``OSError(num, "ESP_ERR_ESPNOW_CHAN")`` if a channel value was
set that doesn't match the channel currently configured for this
interface.
- ``ValueError()`` on invalid keyword args or values.
.. method:: ESPNow.del_peer(mac)
@@ -595,7 +588,7 @@ api-reference/network/esp_now.html#api-reference>`_. For example::
elif err.args[1] == 'ESP_ERR_ESPNOW_NOT_FOUND':
e.add_peer(peer)
elif err.args[1] == 'ESP_ERR_ESPNOW_IF':
network.WLAN(network.WLAN.IF_STA).active(True)
network.WLAN(network.STA_IF).active(True)
else:
raise err
@@ -652,7 +645,7 @@ A small async server example::
import asyncio
# A WLAN interface must be active to send()/recv()
network.WLAN(network.WLAN.IF_STA).active(True)
network.WLAN(network.STA_IF).active(True)
e = aioespnow.AIOESPNow() # Returns AIOESPNow enhanced with async support
e.active(True)
@@ -754,8 +747,8 @@ ESPNow and Wifi Operation
-------------------------
ESPNow messages may be sent and received on any `active()<network.WLAN.active>`
`WLAN<network.WLAN()>` interface (``network.WLAN.IF_STA`` or ``network.WLAN.IF_AP``),
even if that interface is also connected to a wifi network or configured as an access
`WLAN<network.WLAN()>` interface (``network.STA_IF`` or ``network.AP_IF``), even
if that interface is also connected to a wifi network or configured as an access
point. When an ESP32 or ESP8266 device connects to a Wifi Access Point (see
`ESP32 Quickref <../esp32/quickref.html#networking>`__) the following things
happen which affect ESPNow communications:
@@ -839,8 +832,8 @@ Other issues to take care with when using ESPNow with wifi are:
import network, time
def wifi_reset(): # Reset wifi to AP_IF off, STA_IF on and disconnected
sta = network.WLAN(network.WLAN.IF_STA); sta.active(False)
ap = network.WLAN(network.WLAN.IF_AP); ap.active(False)
sta = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF); sta.active(False)
ap = network.WLAN(network.AP_IF); ap.active(False)
sta.active(True)
while not sta.active():
time.sleep(0.1)

2
docs/library/framebuf.rst
View File

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ Drawing text
.. method:: FrameBuffer.text(s, x, y[, c])
Write text to the FrameBuffer using the coordinates as the upper-left
Write text to the FrameBuffer using the the coordinates as the upper-left
corner of the text. The color of the text can be defined by the optional
argument but is otherwise a default value of 1. All characters have
dimensions of 8x8 pixels and there is currently no way to change the font.

1
docs/library/index.rst
View File

@@ -69,7 +69,6 @@ library.
heapq.rst
io.rst
json.rst
marshal.rst
math.rst
os.rst
platform.rst

10
docs/library/machine.Pin.rst
View File

@@ -209,13 +209,13 @@ The following methods are not part of the core Pin API and only implemented on c
Set pin to "0" output level.
Availability: mimxrt, nrf, renesas-ra, rp2, samd, stm32 ports.
Availability: nrf, rp2, stm32 ports.
.. method:: Pin.high()
Set pin to "1" output level.
Availability: mimxrt, nrf, renesas-ra, rp2, samd, stm32 ports.
Availability: nrf, rp2, stm32 ports.
.. method:: Pin.mode([mode])
@@ -238,12 +238,6 @@ The following methods are not part of the core Pin API and only implemented on c
Availability: cc3200 port.
.. method:: Pin.toggle()
Toggle output pin from "0" to "1" or vice-versa.
Availability: cc3200, esp32, esp8266, mimxrt, rp2, samd ports.
Constants
---------

18
docs/library/machine.RTC.rst
View File

@@ -42,21 +42,12 @@ Methods
Initialise the RTC. Datetime is a tuple of the form:
``(year, month, day, hour, minute, second, microsecond, tzinfo)``
All eight arguments must be present. The ``microsecond`` and ``tzinfo``
values are currently ignored but might be used in the future.
Availability: CC3200, ESP32, MIMXRT, SAMD. The rtc.init() method on
the stm32 and renesas-ra ports just (re-)starts the RTC and does not
accept arguments.
``(year, month, day[, hour[, minute[, second[, microsecond[, tzinfo]]]]])``
.. method:: RTC.now()
Get get the current datetime tuple.
Availability: WiPy.
.. method:: RTC.deinit()
Resets the RTC to the time of January 1, 2015 and starts running it again.
@@ -71,13 +62,10 @@ Methods
Get the number of milliseconds left before the alarm expires.
.. method:: RTC.alarm_cancel(alarm_id=0)
.. method:: RTC.cancel(alarm_id=0)
Cancel a running alarm.
The mimxrt port also exposes this function as ``RTC.cancel(alarm_id=0)``, but this is
scheduled to be removed in MicroPython 2.0.
.. method:: RTC.irq(*, trigger, handler=None, wake=machine.IDLE)
Create an irq object triggered by a real time clock alarm.
@@ -95,7 +83,7 @@ Methods
a `bytes` object.
Data written to RTC user memory is persistent across restarts, including
:ref:`soft_reset` and `machine.deepsleep()`.
`machine.soft_reset()` and `machine.deepsleep()`.
The maximum length of RTC user memory is 2048 bytes by default on esp32,
and 492 bytes on esp8266.

173
docs/library/machine.SDCard.rst
View File

@@ -23,8 +23,7 @@ arguments that might need to be set in order to use either a non-standard slot
or a non-standard pin assignment. The exact subset of arguments supported will
vary from platform to platform.
.. class:: SDCard(slot=1, width=1, cd=None, wp=None, sck=None, miso=None, mosi=None,
cs=None, cmd=None, data=None, freq=20000000)
.. class:: SDCard(slot=1, width=1, cd=None, wp=None, sck=None, miso=None, mosi=None, cs=None, freq=20000000)
This class provides access to SD or MMC storage cards using either
a dedicated SD/MMC interface hardware or through an SPI channel.
@@ -38,8 +37,7 @@ vary from platform to platform.
- *slot* selects which of the available interfaces to use. Leaving this
unset will select the default interface.
- *width* selects the bus width for the SD/MMC interface. This many data
pins must be connected to the SD card.
- *width* selects the bus width for the SD/MMC interface.
- *cd* can be used to specify a card-detect pin.
@@ -53,14 +51,7 @@ vary from platform to platform.
- *cs* can be used to specify an SPI chip select pin.
The following additional parameters are only present on ESP32 port:
- *cmd* can be used to specify the SD CMD pin (ESP32-S3 only).
- *data* can be used to specify a list or tuple of SD data bus pins
(ESP32-S3 only).
- *freq* selects the SD/MMC interface frequency in Hz.
- *freq* selects the SD/MMC interface frequency in Hz (only supported on the ESP32).
Implementation-specific details
-------------------------------
@@ -76,130 +67,52 @@ The standard PyBoard has just one slot. No arguments are necessary or supported.
ESP32
`````
SD cards support access in both SD/MMC mode and the simpler (but slower) SPI
mode.
The ESP32 provides two channels of SD/MMC hardware and also supports
access to SD Cards through either of the two SPI ports that are
generally available to the user. As a result the *slot* argument can
take a value between 0 and 3, inclusive. Slots 0 and 1 use the
built-in SD/MMC hardware while slots 2 and 3 use the SPI ports. Slot 0
supports 1, 4 or 8-bit wide access while slot 1 supports 1 or 4-bit
access; the SPI slots only support 1-bit access.
SPI mode makes use of a `SPI` host peripheral, which cannot concurrently be used
for other SPI interactions.
.. note:: Slot 0 is used to communicate with on-board flash memory
on most ESP32 modules and so will be unavailable to the
user.
The ``slot`` argument determines which mode is used. Different values are
supported on different chips:
.. note:: Most ESP32 modules that provide an SD card slot using the
dedicated hardware only wire up 1 data pin, so the default
value for *width* is 1.
========== ======== ======== ============ ============
Chip Slot 0 Slot 1 Slot 2 Slot 3
========== ======== ======== ============ ============
ESP32 SD/MMC SPI (id=1) SPI (id=0)
ESP32-C3 SPI (id=0)
ESP32-C6 SPI (id=0)
ESP32-S2 SPI (id=1) SPI (id=0)
ESP32-S3 SD/MMC SD/MMC SPI (id=1) SPI (id=0)
========== ======== ======== ============ ============
The pins used by the dedicated SD/MMC hardware are fixed. The pins
used by the SPI hardware can be reassigned.
Different slots support different data bus widths (number of data pins):
.. note:: If any of the SPI signals are remapped then all of the SPI
signals will pass through a GPIO multiplexer unit which
can limit the performance of high frequency signals. Since
the normal operating speed for SD cards is 40MHz this can
cause problems on some cards.
========== ========== =====================
Slot Type Supported data widths
========== ========== =====================
0 SD/MMC 1, 4, 8
1 SD/MMC 1, 4
2 SPI 1
3 SPI 1
========== ========== =====================
The default (and preferred) pin assignment are as follows:
.. note:: Most ESP32 modules that provide an SD card slot using the
dedicated hardware only wire up 1 data pin, so the default
value for ``width`` is 1.
Additional details depend on which ESP32 family chip is in use:
Original ESP32
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In SD/MMC mode (slot 1), pin assignments in SD/MMC mode are fixed on the
original ESP32. The SPI mode slots (2 & 3) allow pins to be set to different
values in the constructor.
The default pin assignments are as follows:
====== ====== ====== ====== ============
Slot 1 2 3 Can be set
------ ------ ------ ------ ------------
Signal Pin Pin Pin
====== ====== ====== ====== ============
CLK 14 No
CMD 15 No
D0 2 No
D1 4 No
D2 12 No
D3 13 No
sck 18 14 Yes
cs 5 15 Yes
miso 19 12 Yes
mosi 23 13 Yes
====== ====== ====== ====== ============
The ``cd`` and ``wp`` pins are not fixed in either mode and default to disabled, unless set.
ESP32-S3
~~~~~~~~
The ESP32-S3 chip allows pins to be set to different values for both SD/MMC and
SPI mode access.
If not set, default pin assignments are as follows:
======== ====== ====== ====== ======
Slot 0 1 2 3
-------- ------ ------ ------ ------
Signal Pin Pin Pin Pin
======== ====== ====== ====== ======
CLK 14 14
CMD 15 15
D0 2 2
D1 4 4
D2 12 12
D3 13 13
D4 33*
D5 34*
D6 35*
D7 36*
sck 37* 14
cs 34* 13
miso 37* 2
mosi 35* 15
======== ====== ====== ====== ======
.. note:: Slots 0 and 1 cannot both be in use at the same time.
.. note:: Pins marked with an asterisk * in the table must be changed from the
default if the ESP32-S3 board is configured for Octal SPI Flash or
PSRAM.
To access a card in SD/MMC mode, set ``slot`` parameter value 0 or 1 and
parameters ``sck`` (for CLK), ``cmd`` and ``data`` as needed to assign pins. If
the ``data`` argument is passed then it should be a list or tuple of data pins
or pin numbers with length equal to the ``width`` argument. For example::
sd = SDCard(slot=0, width=4, sck=8, cmd=9, data=(10, 11, 12, 13))
To access a card in SPI mode, set ``slot`` parameter value 2 or 3 and pass
parameters ``sck``, ``cs``, ``miso``, ``mosi`` as needed to assign pins.
In either mode the ``cd`` and ``wp`` pins default to disabled, unless set in the
constructor.
Other ESP32 chips
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Other ESP32 family chips do not have hardware SD/MMC host controllers and can
only access SD cards in SPI mode.
To access a card in SPI mode, set ``slot`` parameter value 2 or 3 and pass
parameters ``sck``, ``cs``, ``miso``, ``mosi`` to assign pins.
.. note:: ESP32-C3 and ESP32-C6 only have one available `SPI` bus, so the only
valid ``slot`` parameter value is 2. Using this bus for the SD card
will prevent also using it for :class:`machine.SPI`.
====== ====== ====== ====== ======
Slot 0 1 2 3
------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Signal Pin Pin Pin Pin
====== ====== ====== ====== ======
sck 6 14 18 14
cmd 11 15
cs 5 15
miso 19 12
mosi 23 13
D0 7 2
D1 8 4
D2 9 12
D3 10 13
D4 16
D5 17
D6 5
D7 18
====== ====== ====== ====== ======
cc3200
``````

2
docs/library/machine.TimerWiPy.rst
View File

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ Methods
Otherwise, a TimerChannel object is initialized and returned.
The operating mode is the one configured to the Timer object that was used to
The operating mode is is the one configured to the Timer object that was used to
create the channel.
- ``channel`` if the width of the timer is 16-bit, then must be either ``TIMER.A``, ``TIMER.B``.

111
docs/library/machine.UART.rst
View File

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ Methods
- *pins* is a 4 or 2 item list indicating the TX, RX, RTS and CTS pins (in that order).
Any of the pins can be None if one wants the UART to operate with limited functionality.
If the RTS pin is given the RX pin must be given as well. The same applies to CTS.
If the RTS pin is given the the RX pin must be given as well. The same applies to CTS.
When no pins are given, then the default set of TX and RX pins is taken, and hardware
flow control will be disabled. If *pins* is ``None``, no pin assignment will be made.
@@ -152,6 +152,31 @@ Methods
Send a break condition on the bus. This drives the bus low for a duration
longer than required for a normal transmission of a character.
.. method:: UART.irq(trigger, priority=1, handler=None, wake=machine.IDLE)
Create a callback to be triggered when data is received on the UART.
- *trigger* can only be ``UART.RX_ANY``
- *priority* level of the interrupt. Can take values in the range 1-7.
Higher values represent higher priorities.
- *handler* an optional function to be called when new characters arrive.
- *wake* can only be ``machine.IDLE``.
.. note::
The handler will be called whenever any of the following two conditions are met:
- 8 new characters have been received.
- At least 1 new character is waiting in the Rx buffer and the Rx line has been
silent for the duration of 1 complete frame.
This means that when the handler function is called there will be between 1 to 8
characters waiting.
Returns an irq object.
Availability: WiPy.
.. method:: UART.flush()
Waits until all data has been sent. In case of a timeout, an exception is raised. The timeout
@@ -160,7 +185,7 @@ Methods
.. note::
For the esp8266 and nrf ports the call returns while the last byte is sent.
For the rp2, esp8266 and nrf ports the call returns while the last byte is sent.
If required, a one character wait time has to be added in the calling script.
Availability: rp2, esp32, esp8266, mimxrt, cc3200, stm32, nrf ports, renesas-ra
@@ -172,91 +197,17 @@ Methods
.. note::
For the esp8266 and nrf ports the call may return ``True`` even if the last byte
For the rp2, esp8266 and nrf ports the call may return ``True`` even if the last byte
of a transfer is still being sent. If required, a one character wait time has to be
added in the calling script.
Availability: rp2, esp32, esp8266, mimxrt, cc3200, stm32, nrf ports, renesas-ra
.. method:: UART.irq(handler=None, trigger=0, hard=False)
Configure an interrupt handler to be called when a UART event occurs.
The arguments are:
- *handler* is an optional function to be called when the interrupt event
triggers. The handler must take exactly one argument which is the
``UART`` instance.
- *trigger* configures the event(s) which can generate an interrupt.
Possible values are a mask of one or more of the following:
- ``UART.IRQ_RXIDLE`` interrupt after receiving at least one character
and then the RX line goes idle.
- ``UART.IRQ_RX`` interrupt after each received character.
- ``UART.IRQ_TXIDLE`` interrupt after or while the last character(s) of
a message are or have been sent.
- ``UART.IRQ_BREAK`` interrupt when a break state is detected at RX
- *hard* if true a hardware interrupt is used. This reduces the delay
between the pin change and the handler being called. Hard interrupt
handlers may not allocate memory; see :ref:`isr_rules`.
Returns an irq object.
Due to limitations of the hardware not all trigger events are available on all ports.
.. table:: Availability of triggers
:align: center
============== ========== ====== ========== =========
Port / Trigger IRQ_RXIDLE IRQ_RX IRQ_TXIDLE IRQ_BREAK
============== ========== ====== ========== =========
CC3200 yes
ESP32 yes yes yes
MIMXRT yes yes
NRF yes yes
RENESAS-RA yes yes
RP2 yes yes yes
SAMD yes yes yes
STM32 yes yes
============== ========== ====== ========== =========
.. note::
- The ESP32 port does not support the option hard=True.
- The rp2 port's UART.IRQ_TXIDLE is only triggered when the message
is longer than 5 characters and the trigger happens when still 5 characters
are to be sent.
- The rp2 port's UART.IRQ_BREAK needs receiving valid characters for triggering
again.
- The SAMD port's UART.IRQ_TXIDLE is triggered while the last character is sent.
- On STM32F4xx MCU's, using the trigger UART.IRQ_RXIDLE the handler will be called once
after the first character and then after the end of the message, when the line is
idle.
Availability: cc3200, esp32, mimxrt, nrf, renesas-ra, rp2, samd, stm32.
Constants
---------
.. data:: UART.RTS
UART.CTS
.. data:: UART.RX_ANY
Flow control options.
IRQ trigger sources
Availability: esp32, mimxrt, renesas-ra, rp2, stm32.
.. data:: UART.IRQ_RXIDLE
UART.IRQ_RX
UART.IRQ_TXIDLE
UART.IRQ_BREAK
IRQ trigger sources.
Availability: renesas-ra, stm32, esp32, rp2040, mimxrt, samd, cc3200.
Availability: WiPy.

24
docs/library/machine.USBDevice.rst
View File

@@ -4,9 +4,8 @@
class USBDevice -- USB Device driver
====================================
.. note:: ``machine.USBDevice`` is currently only supported for esp32, rp2 and
samd ports. Native USB support is also required, and not every board
supports native USB.
.. note:: ``machine.USBDevice`` is currently only supported on the rp2 and samd
ports.
USBDevice provides a low-level Python API for implementing USB device functions using
Python code.
@@ -33,10 +32,10 @@ Managing a runtime USB interface can be tricky, especially if you are communicat
with MicroPython over a built-in USB-CDC serial port that's part of the same USB
device.
- A MicroPython :ref:`soft reset <soft_reset>` will always clear all runtime USB
interfaces, which results in the entire USB device disconnecting from the
host. If MicroPython is also providing a built-in USB-CDC serial port then
this will re-appear after the soft reset.
- A MicroPython soft reset will always clear all runtime USB interfaces, which
results in the entire USB device disconnecting from the host. If MicroPython
is also providing a built-in USB-CDC serial port then this will re-appear
after the soft reset.
This means some functions (like ``mpremote run``) that target the USB-CDC
serial port will immediately fail if a runtime USB interface is active,
@@ -45,9 +44,9 @@ device.
no more runtime USB interface.
- To configure a runtime USB device on every boot, it's recommended to place the
configuration code in the :ref:`boot.py` file on the :ref:`device VFS
configuration code in the ``boot.py`` file on the :ref:`device VFS
<filesystem>`. On each reset this file is executed before the USB subsystem is
initialised (and before :ref:`main.py`), so it allows the board to come up with the runtime
initialised (and before ``main.py``), so it allows the board to come up with the runtime
USB device immediately.
- For development or debugging, it may be convenient to connect a hardware
@@ -216,13 +215,6 @@ Methods
drivers. Placing a different string at any of these indexes overrides that
string in the built-in driver.
.. method:: USBDevice.remote_wakeup(self)
Wake up host if we are in suspend mode and the REMOTE_WAKEUP feature
is enabled by the host. This has to be enabled in the USB attributes,
and on the host. Returns ``True`` if remote wakeup was enabled and
active and the host was woken up.
.. method:: USBDevice.submit_xfer(self, ep, buffer /)
Submit a USB transfer on endpoint number ``ep``. ``buffer`` must be

25
docs/library/machine.rst
View File

@@ -62,13 +62,14 @@ Reset related functions
.. function:: reset()
:ref:`Hard resets <hard_reset>` the device in a manner similar to pushing the
external RESET button.
Resets the device in a manner similar to pushing the external RESET
button.
.. function:: soft_reset()
Performs a :ref:`soft reset <soft_reset>` of the interpreter, deleting all
Python objects and resetting the Python heap.
Performs a soft reset of the interpreter, deleting all Python objects and
resetting the Python heap. It tries to retain the method by which the user
is connected to the MicroPython REPL (eg serial, USB, Wifi).
.. function:: reset_cause()
@@ -126,20 +127,14 @@ Power related functions
.. function:: idle()
Gates the clock to the CPU, useful to reduce power consumption at any time
during short or long periods. Peripherals continue working and execution
resumes as soon as any interrupt is triggered, or at most one millisecond
after the CPU was paused.
It is recommended to call this function inside any tight loop that is
continuously checking for an external change (i.e. polling). This will reduce
power consumption without significantly impacting performance. To reduce
power consumption further then see the :func:`lightsleep`,
:func:`time.sleep()` and :func:`time.sleep_ms()` functions.
Gates the clock to the CPU, useful to reduce power consumption at any time during
short or long periods. Peripherals continue working and execution resumes as soon
as any interrupt is triggered (on many ports this includes system timer
interrupt occurring at regular intervals on the order of millisecond).
.. function:: sleep()
.. note:: This function is deprecated, use :func:`lightsleep()` instead with no arguments.
.. note:: This function is deprecated, use `lightsleep()` instead with no arguments.
.. function:: lightsleep([time_ms])
deepsleep([time_ms])

28
docs/library/marshal.rst
View File

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
:mod:`marshal` -- Python object serialization
=============================================
.. module:: marshal
:synopsis: Convert Python objects to and from a binary format
|see_cpython_module| :mod:`python:marshal`.
This module implements conversion between Python objects and a binary format.
The format is specific to MicroPython but does not depend on the machine
architecture, so the data can be transferred and used on a different MicroPython
instance, as long as the version of the binary data matches (it's currently
versioned as the mpy file version, see :ref:`mpy_files`).
Functions
---------
.. function:: dumps(value, /)
Convert the given *value* to binary format and return a corresponding ``bytes``
object.
Currently, code objects are the only supported values that can be converted.
.. function:: loads(data, /)
Convert the given bytes-like *data* to its corresponding Python object, and
return it.

5
docs/library/math.rst
View File

@@ -125,11 +125,8 @@ Functions
Return the natural logarithm of the gamma function of ``x``.
.. function:: log(x)
log(x, base)
With one argument, return the natural logarithm of *x*.
With two arguments, return the logarithm of *x* to the given *base*.
Return the natural logarithm of ``x``.
.. function:: log10(x)

76
docs/library/micropython.rst
View File

@@ -136,14 +136,6 @@ Functions
the heap may be locked) and scheduling a function to call later will lift
those restrictions.
On multi-threaded ports, the scheduled function's behaviour depends on
whether the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) is enabled for the specific port:
- If GIL is enabled, the function can preempt any thread and run in its
context.
- If GIL is disabled, the function will only preempt the main thread and run
in its context.
Note: If `schedule()` is called from a preempting IRQ, when memory
allocation is not allowed and the callback to be passed to `schedule()` is
a bound method, passing this directly will fail. This is because creating a
@@ -155,71 +147,3 @@ Functions
There is a finite queue to hold the scheduled functions and `schedule()`
will raise a `RuntimeError` if the queue is full.
Classes
-------
.. class:: RingIO(size)
.. class:: RingIO(buffer)
:noindex:
Provides a fixed-size ringbuffer for bytes with a stream interface. Can be
considered like a fifo queue variant of `io.BytesIO`.
When created with integer size a suitable buffer will be allocated.
Alternatively a `bytearray` or similar buffer protocol object can be provided
to the constructor for in-place use.
The classic ringbuffer algorithm is used which allows for any size buffer
to be used however one byte will be consumed for tracking. If initialised
with an integer size this will be accounted for, for example ``RingIO(16)``
will allocate a 17 byte buffer internally so it can hold 16 bytes of data.
When passing in a pre-allocated buffer however one byte less than its
original length will be available for storage, eg. ``RingIO(bytearray(16))``
will only hold 15 bytes of data.
A RingIO instance can be IRQ / thread safe when used to pass data in a single
direction eg. when written to in an IRQ and read from in a non-IRQ function
(or vice versa). This does not hold if you try to eg. write to a single instance
from both IRQ and non-IRQ code, this would often cause data corruption.
.. method:: RingIO.any()
Returns an integer counting the number of characters that can be read.
.. method:: RingIO.read([nbytes])
Read available characters. This is a non-blocking function. If ``nbytes``
is specified then read at most that many bytes, otherwise read as much
data as possible.
Return value: a bytes object containing the bytes read. Will be
zero-length bytes object if no data is available.
.. method:: RingIO.readline([nbytes])
Read a line, ending in a newline character or return if one exists in
the buffer, else return available bytes in buffer. If ``nbytes`` is
specified then read at most that many bytes.
Return value: a bytes object containing the line read.
.. method:: RingIO.readinto(buf[, nbytes])
Read available bytes into the provided ``buf``. If ``nbytes`` is
specified then read at most that many bytes. Otherwise, read at
most ``len(buf)`` bytes.
Return value: Integer count of the number of bytes read into ``buf``.
.. method:: RingIO.write(buf)
Non-blocking write of bytes from ``buf`` into the ringbuffer, limited
by the available space in the ringbuffer.
Return value: Integer count of bytes written.
.. method:: RingIO.close()
No-op provided as part of standard `stream` interface. Has no effect
on data in the ringbuffer.

3
docs/library/neopixel.rst
View File

@@ -43,8 +43,7 @@ Constructors
- *pin* is a machine.Pin instance.
- *n* is the number of LEDs in the strip.
- *bpp* is 3 for RGB LEDs, and 4 for RGBW LEDs.
- *timing* is 0 for 400KHz, and 1 for 800kHz LEDs (most are 800kHz). You
may also supply a timing tuple as accepted by `machine.bitstream()`.
- *timing* is 0 for 400KHz, and 1 for 800kHz LEDs (most are 800kHz).
Pixel access methods
--------------------

9
docs/library/network.LAN.rst
View File

@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ class LAN -- control an Ethernet module
This class allows you to control the Ethernet interface. The PHY hardware type is board-specific.
Example usage, for a board with built-in LAN support::
Example usage::
import network
nic = network.LAN(0)
print(nic.ipconfig("addr4"))
print(nic.ifconfig())
# now use socket as usual
...
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Constructors
- *phy_addr* specifies the address of the PHY interface. As with *phy_type*, the hardwired value has
to be used for most boards and that value is the default.
- *ref_clk_mode* specifies, whether the data clock is provided by the Ethernet controller or
the PHY interface.
the PYH interface.
The default value is the one that matches the board. If set to ``LAN.OUT`` or ``Pin.OUT``
or ``True``, the clock is driven by the Ethernet controller, if set to ``LAN.IN``
or ``Pin.IN`` or ``False``, the clock is driven by the PHY interface.
@@ -41,9 +41,6 @@ Constructors
nic = LAN(0, phy_type=LAN.PHY_LAN8720, phy_addr=1, ref_clk_mode=Pin.IN)
.. note:: On esp32 port the constructor requires different arguments. See
:ref:`esp32 port reference <esp32_network_lan>`.
Methods
-------

106
docs/library/network.PPP.rst
View File

@@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
.. currentmodule:: network
.. _network.PPP:
class PPP -- create network connections over serial PPP
=======================================================
This class allows you to create a network connection over a serial port using
the PPP protocol.
.. note:: Currently only the esp32 port has PPP support enabled in the default
firmware build. PPP support can be enabled in custom builds of the
stm32 and rp2 ports by enabling networking support and setting
``MICROPY_PY_NETWORK_PPP_LWIP`` to 1.
Example usage::
import network
ppp = network.PPP(uart)
ppp.connect()
while not ppp.isconnected():
pass
print(ppp.ipconfig("addr4"))
# use the socket module as usual, etc
ppp.disconnect()
Constructors
------------
.. class:: PPP(stream)
Create a PPP driver object.
Arguments are:
- *stream* is any object that supports the stream protocol, but is most commonly a
:class:`machine.UART` instance. This stream object must have an ``irq()`` method
and an ``IRQ_RXIDLE`` constant, for use by `PPP.connect`.
Methods
-------
.. method:: PPP.connect(security=SEC_NONE, user=None, key=None)
Initiate a PPP connection with the given parameters:
- *security* is the type of security, either ``PPP.SEC_NONE``, ``PPP.SEC_PAP``,
or ``PPP.SEC_CHAP``.
- *user* is an optional user name to use with the security mode.
- *key* is an optional password to use with the security mode.
When this method is called the underlying stream has its interrupt configured to call
`PPP.poll` via ``stream.irq(ppp.poll, stream.IRQ_RXIDLE)``. This makes sure the
stream is polled, and data passed up the PPP stack, wheverver data becomes available
on the stream.
The connection proceeds asynchronously, in the background.
.. method:: PPP.disconnect()
Terminate the connection. This must be called to cleanly close the PPP connection.
.. method:: PPP.isconnected()
Returns ``True`` if the PPP link is connected and up.
Returns ``False`` otherwise.
.. method:: PPP.status()
Returns the PPP status.
.. method:: PPP.config(config_parameters)
Sets or gets parameters of the PPP interface. The only parameter that can be
retrieved and set is the underlying stream, using::
stream = PPP.config("stream")
PPP.config(stream=stream)
.. method:: PPP.ipconfig('param')
PPP.ipconfig(param=value, ...)
See `AbstractNIC.ipconfig`.
.. method:: PPP.ifconfig([(ip, subnet, gateway, dns)])
See `AbstractNIC.ifconfig`.
.. method:: PPP.poll()
Poll the underlying stream for data, and pass it up the PPP stack.
This is called automatically if the stream is a UART with a RXIDLE interrupt,
so it's not usually necessary to call it manually.
Constants
---------
.. data:: PPP.SEC_NONE
PPP.SEC_PAP
PPP.SEC_CHAP
The type of connection security.

20
docs/library/network.WIZNET5K.rst
View File

@@ -9,14 +9,11 @@ the W5200 and W5500 chipsets. The particular chipset that is supported
by the firmware is selected at compile-time via the MICROPY_PY_NETWORK_WIZNET5K
option.
.. note:: The esp32 port also supports WIZnet W5500 chipsets, but this port
uses the :ref:`network.LAN interface <esp32_spi_ethernet>`.
Example usage::
import network
nic = network.WIZNET5K(pyb.SPI(1), pyb.Pin.board.X5, pyb.Pin.board.X4)
print(nic.ipconfig("addr4"))
print(nic.ifconfig())
# now use socket as usual
...
@@ -54,7 +51,20 @@ Constructors
Methods
-------
This class implements most methods from `AbstractNIC <AbstractNIC>`, which are documented there. Additional methods are:
.. method:: WIZNET5K.isconnected()
Returns ``True`` if the physical Ethernet link is connected and up.
Returns ``False`` otherwise.
.. method:: WIZNET5K.ifconfig([(ip, subnet, gateway, dns)])
Get/set IP address, subnet mask, gateway and DNS.
When called with no arguments, this method returns a 4-tuple with the above information.
To set the above values, pass a 4-tuple with the required information. For example::
nic.ifconfig(('192.168.0.4', '255.255.255.0', '192.168.0.1', '8.8.8.8'))
.. method:: WIZNET5K.regs()

25
docs/library/network.WLAN.rst
View File

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This class provides a driver for WiFi network processors. Example usage::
import network
# enable station interface and connect to WiFi access point
nic = network.WLAN(network.WLAN.IF_STA)
nic = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
nic.active(True)
nic.connect('your-ssid', 'your-key')
# now use sockets as usual
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ Constructors
.. class:: WLAN(interface_id)
Create a WLAN network interface object. Supported interfaces are
``network.WLAN.IF_STA`` (station aka client, connects to upstream WiFi access
points) and ``network.WLAN.IF_AP`` (access point, allows other WiFi clients to
``network.STA_IF`` (station aka client, connects to upstream WiFi access
points) and ``network.AP_IF`` (access point, allows other WiFi clients to
connect). Availability of the methods below depends on interface type.
For example, only STA interface may `WLAN.connect()` to an access point.
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ Methods
Return the current status of the wireless connection.
When called with no argument the return value describes the network link status.
The possible statuses are defined as constants in the :mod:`network` module:
The possible statuses are defined as constants:
* ``STAT_IDLE`` -- no connection and no activity,
* ``STAT_CONNECTING`` -- connecting in progress,
@@ -85,18 +85,7 @@ Methods
* ``STAT_GOT_IP`` -- connection successful.
When called with one argument *param* should be a string naming the status
parameter to retrieve, and different parameters are supported depending on the
mode the WiFi is in.
In STA mode, passing ``'rssi'`` returns a signal strength indicator value, whose
format varies depending on the port (this is available on all ports that support
WiFi network interfaces, except for CC3200).
In AP mode, passing ``'stations'`` returns a list of connected WiFi stations
(this is available on all ports that support WiFi network interfaces, except for
CC3200). The format of the station information entries varies across ports,
providing either the raw BSSID of the connected station, the IP address of the
connected station, or both.
parameter to retrieve. Supported parameters in WiFI STA mode are: ``'rssi'``.
.. method:: WLAN.isconnected()
@@ -118,7 +107,7 @@ Methods
Get or set general network interface parameters. These methods allow to work
with additional parameters beyond standard IP configuration (as dealt with by
`AbstractNIC.ipconfig()`). These include network-specific and hardware-specific
`WLAN.ifconfig()`). These include network-specific and hardware-specific
parameters. For setting parameters, keyword argument syntax should be used,
multiple parameters can be set at once. For querying, parameters name should
be quoted as a string, and only one parameter can be queries at time::
@@ -137,7 +126,7 @@ Methods
============= ===========
mac MAC address (bytes)
ssid WiFi access point name (string)
channel WiFi channel (integer). Depending on the port this may only be supported on the AP interface.
channel WiFi channel (integer)
hidden Whether SSID is hidden (boolean)
security Security protocol supported (enumeration, see module constants)
key Access key (string)

14
docs/library/network.WLANWiPy.rst
View File

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ This class provides a driver for the WiFi network processor in the WiPy. Example
wlan.connect('your-ssid', auth=(WLAN.WPA2, 'your-key'))
while not wlan.isconnected():
time.sleep_ms(50)
print(wlan.ipconfig("addr4"))
print(wlan.ifconfig())
# now use socket as usual
...
@@ -96,10 +96,16 @@ Methods
In case of STA mode, returns ``True`` if connected to a WiFi access point and has a valid IP address.
In AP mode returns ``True`` when a station is connected, ``False`` otherwise.
.. method:: WLANWiPy.ipconfig('param')
WLANWiPy.ipconfig(param=value, ...)
.. method:: WLANWiPy.ifconfig(if_id=0, config=['dhcp' or configtuple])
See :meth:`AbstractNIC.ipconfig <AbstractNIC.ipconfig>`. Supported parameters are: ``dhcp4``, ``addr4``, ``gw4``.
With no parameters given returns a 4-tuple of *(ip, subnet_mask, gateway, DNS_server)*.
if ``'dhcp'`` is passed as a parameter then the DHCP client is enabled and the IP params
are negotiated with the AP.
If the 4-tuple config is given then a static IP is configured. For instance::
wlan.ifconfig(config=('192.168.0.4', '255.255.255.0', '192.168.0.1', '8.8.8.8'))
.. method:: WLANWiPy.mode([mode])

59
docs/library/network.rst
View File

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ For example::
print("Waiting for connection...")
while not nic.isconnected():
time.sleep(1)
print(nic.ipconfig("addr4"))
print(nic.ifconfig())
# now use socket as usual
import socket
@@ -113,48 +113,8 @@ parameter should be `id`.
connected to the AP. The list contains tuples of the form
(MAC, RSSI).
.. method:: AbstractNIC.ipconfig('param')
AbstractNIC.ipconfig(param=value, ...)
Get or set interface-specific IP-configuration interface parameters.
Supported parameters are the following (availability of a particular
parameter depends on the port and the specific network interface):
* ``dhcp4`` (``True/False``) obtain an IPv4 address, gateway and dns
server via DHCP. This method does not block and wait for an address
to be obtained. To check if an address was obtained, use the read-only
property ``has_dhcp4``.
* ``gw4`` Get/set the IPv4 default-gateway.
* ``dhcp6`` (``True/False``) obtain a DNS server via stateless DHCPv6.
Obtaining IP Addresses via DHCPv6 is currently not implemented.
* ``autoconf6`` (``True/False``) obtain a stateless IPv6 address via
the network prefix shared in router advertisements. To check if a
stateless address was obtained, use the read-only
property ``has_autoconf6``.
* ``addr4`` (e.g. ``192.168.0.4/24``) obtain the current IPv4 address
and network mask as ``(ip, subnet)``-tuple, regardless of how this
address was obtained. This method can be used to set a static IPv4
address either as ``(ip, subnet)``-tuple or in CIDR-notation.
* ``addr6`` (e.g. ``fe80::1234:5678``) obtain a list of current IPv6
addresses as ``(ip, state, preferred_lifetime, valid_lifetime)``-tuple.
This include link-local, slaac and static addresses.
``preferred_lifetime`` and ``valid_lifetime`` represent the remaining
valid and preferred lifetime of each IPv6 address, in seconds.
``state`` indicates the current state of the address:
* ``0x08`` - ``0x0f`` indicates the address is tentative, counting the
number of probes sent.
* ``0x10`` The address is deprecated (but still valid)
* ``0x30`` The address is preferred (and valid)
* ``0x40`` The address is duplicated and can not be used.
This method can be used to set a static IPv6
address, by setting this parameter to the address, like ``fe80::1234:5678``.
.. method:: AbstractNIC.ifconfig([(ip, subnet, gateway, dns)])
.. note:: This function is deprecated, use `ipconfig()` instead.
Get/set IP-level network interface parameters: IP address, subnet mask,
gateway and DNS server. When called with no arguments, this method returns
a 4-tuple with the above information. To set the above values, pass a
@@ -167,7 +127,7 @@ parameter should be `id`.
Get or set general network interface parameters. These methods allow to work
with additional parameters beyond standard IP configuration (as dealt with by
`ipconfig()`). These include network-specific and hardware-specific
`ifconfig()`). These include network-specific and hardware-specific
parameters. For setting parameters, the keyword argument
syntax should be used, and multiple parameters can be set at once. For
querying, a parameter name should be quoted as a string, and only one
@@ -192,7 +152,6 @@ provide a way to control networking interfaces of various kinds.
network.WLANWiPy.rst
network.WIZNET5K.rst
network.LAN.rst
network.PPP.rst
Network functions
=================
@@ -236,20 +195,6 @@ The following are functions available in the network module.
The default hostname is typically the name of the board.
.. function:: ipconfig('param')
ipconfig(param=value, ...)
Get or set global IP-configuration parameters.
Supported parameters are the following (availability of a particular
parameter depends on the port and the specific network interface):
* ``dns`` Get/set DNS server. This method can support both, IPv4 and
IPv6 addresses.
* ``prefer`` (``4/6``) Specify which address type to return, if a domain
name has both A and AAAA records. Note, that this does not clear the
local DNS cache, so that any previously obtained addresses might not
change.
.. function:: phy_mode([mode])
Get or set the PHY mode.

21
docs/library/pyb.CAN.rst
View File

@@ -67,17 +67,11 @@ Methods
:meth:`~CAN.restart()` can be used to leave the bus-off state
- *baudrate* if a baudrate other than 0 is provided, this function will try to automatically
calculate the CAN nominal bit time (overriding *prescaler*, *bs1* and *bs2*) that satisfies
both the *baudrate* (within .1%) and the desired *sample_point* (to the nearest 1%). For more precise
control over the CAN timing, set the *prescaler*, *bs1* and *bs2* parameters directly.
- *sample_point* specifies the position of the bit sample with respect to the whole nominal bit time,
expressed as an integer percentage of the nominal bit time. The default *sample_point* is 75%.
This parameter is ignored unless *baudrate* is set.
both the baudrate and the desired *sample_point*.
- *sample_point* given in a percentage of the nominal bit time, the *sample_point* specifies the position
of the bit sample with respect to the whole nominal bit time. The default *sample_point* is 75%.
- *num_filter_banks* for classic CAN, this is the number of banks that will be assigned to CAN(1),
the rest of the 28 are assigned to CAN(2).
The remaining parameters are only present on boards with CAN FD support, and configure the optional CAN FD
Bit Rate Switch (BRS) feature:
- *brs_prescaler* is the value by which the CAN FD input clock is divided to generate the
data bit time quanta. The prescaler can be a value between 1 and 32 inclusive.
- *brs_sjw* is the resynchronisation jump width in units of time quanta for data bits;
@@ -88,11 +82,10 @@ Methods
it can be a value between 1 and 16 inclusive
- *brs_baudrate* if a baudrate other than 0 is provided, this function will try to automatically
calculate the CAN data bit time (overriding *brs_prescaler*, *brs_bs1* and *brs_bs2*) that satisfies
both the *brs_baudrate* (within .1%) and the desired *brs_sample_point* (to the nearest 1%). For more
precise control over the BRS timing, set the *brs_prescaler*, *brs_bs1* and *brs_bs2* parameters directly.
- *brs_sample_point* specifies the position of the bit sample with respect to the whole nominal bit time,
expressed as an integer percentage of the nominal bit time. The default *brs_sample_point* is 75%.
This parameter is ignored unless *brs_baudrate* is set.
both the baudrate and the desired *brs_sample_point*.
- *brs_sample_point* given in a percentage of the data bit time, the *brs_sample_point* specifies the position
of the bit sample with respect to the whole data bit time. The default *brs_sample_point* is 75%.
The time quanta tq is the basic unit of time for the CAN bus. tq is the CAN
prescaler value divided by PCLK1 (the frequency of internal peripheral bus 1);

2
docs/library/pyb.Timer.rst
View File

@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ Methods
- ``callback`` - as per TimerChannel.callback()
- ``pin`` None (the default) or a Pin object. If specified (and not None)
this will cause the alternate function of the indicated pin
this will cause the alternate function of the the indicated pin
to be configured for this timer channel. An error will be raised if
the pin doesn't support any alternate functions for this timer channel.

13
docs/library/pyb.rst
View File

@@ -147,10 +147,10 @@ Power related functions
(internal oscillator) directly. The higher frequencies use the HSE to
drive the PLL (phase locked loop), and then use the output of the PLL.
Note that if you change the frequency while the USB is enabled then the USB
may become unreliable. It is best to change the frequency in :ref:`boot.py`,
before the USB peripheral is started. Also note that sysclk frequencies below
36MHz do not allow the USB to function correctly.
Note that if you change the frequency while the USB is enabled then
the USB may become unreliable. It is best to change the frequency
in boot.py, before the USB peripheral is started. Also note that sysclk
frequencies below 36MHz do not allow the USB to function correctly.
.. function:: wfi()
@@ -205,9 +205,8 @@ Miscellaneous functions
.. function:: main(filename)
Set the filename of the main script to run after :ref:`boot.py` is finished.
If this function is not called then the default file :ref:`main.py` will be
executed.
Set the filename of the main script to run after boot.py is finished. If
this function is not called then the default file main.py will be executed.
It only makes sense to call this function from within boot.py.

11
docs/library/rp2.PIO.rst
View File

@@ -27,17 +27,6 @@ Constructors
Methods
-------
.. method:: PIO.gpio_base([base])
Query and optionally set the current GPIO base for this PIO instance.
If an argument is given then it must be a pin (or integer corresponding to a pin
number), restricted to either GPIO0 or GPIO16. The GPIO base will then be set to
that pin. Setting the GPIO base must be done before any programs are added or state
machines created.
Returns the current GPIO base pin.
.. method:: PIO.add_program(program)
Add the *program* to the instruction memory of this PIO instance.

8
docs/library/rp2.rst
View File

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ The ``rp2`` module includes functions for assembling PIO programs.
For running PIO programs, see :class:`rp2.StateMachine`.
.. function:: asm_pio(*, out_init=None, set_init=None, sideset_init=None, side_pindir=False, in_shiftdir=PIO.SHIFT_LEFT, out_shiftdir=PIO.SHIFT_LEFT, autopush=False, autopull=False, push_thresh=32, pull_thresh=32, fifo_join=PIO.JOIN_NONE)
.. function:: asm_pio(*, out_init=None, set_init=None, sideset_init=None, in_shiftdir=0, out_shiftdir=0, autopush=False, autopull=False, push_thresh=32, pull_thresh=32, fifo_join=PIO.JOIN_NONE)
Assemble a PIO program.
@@ -35,10 +35,8 @@ For running PIO programs, see :class:`rp2.StateMachine`.
- *out_init* configures the pins used for ``out()`` instructions.
- *set_init* configures the pins used for ``set()`` instructions. There can
be at most 5.
- *sideset_init* configures the pins used for ``.side()`` modifiers. There
can be at most 5.
- *side_pindir* when set to ``True`` configures ``.side()`` modifiers to be
used for pin directions, instead of pin values (the default, when ``False``).
- *sideset_init* configures the pins used side-setting. There can be at
most 5.
The following parameters are used by default, but can be overridden in
`StateMachine.init()`:

21
docs/library/ssl.rst
View File

@@ -117,32 +117,11 @@ Exceptions
This exception does NOT exist. Instead its base class, OSError, is used.
DTLS support
------------
.. admonition:: Difference to CPython
:class: attention
This is a MicroPython extension.
This module supports DTLS in client and server mode via the `PROTOCOL_DTLS_CLIENT`
and `PROTOCOL_DTLS_SERVER` constants that can be used as the ``protocol`` argument
of `SSLContext`.
In this case the underlying socket is expected to behave as a datagram socket (i.e.
like the socket opened with ``socket.socket`` with ``socket.AF_INET`` as ``af`` and
``socket.SOCK_DGRAM`` as ``type``).
DTLS is only supported on ports that use mbed TLS, and it is not enabled by default:
it requires enabling ``MBEDTLS_SSL_PROTO_DTLS`` in the specific port configuration.
Constants
---------
.. data:: ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT
ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER
ssl.PROTOCOL_DTLS_CLIENT (when DTLS support is enabled)
ssl.PROTOCOL_DTLS_SERVER (when DTLS support is enabled)
Supported values for the *protocol* parameter.

17
docs/library/sys.rst
View File

@@ -12,12 +12,9 @@ Functions
.. function:: exit(retval=0, /)
Terminate current program with a given exit code. Underlyingly, this
function raises a `SystemExit` exception. If an argument is given, its
function raise as `SystemExit` exception. If an argument is given, its
value given as an argument to `SystemExit`.
On embedded ports (i.e. all ports but Windows and Unix), an unhandled
`SystemExit` currently causes a :ref:`soft_reset` of MicroPython.
.. function:: atexit(func)
Register *func* to be called upon termination. *func* must be a callable
@@ -75,8 +72,6 @@ Constants
* *version* - tuple (major, minor, micro, releaselevel), e.g. (1, 22, 0, '')
* *_machine* - string describing the underlying machine
* *_mpy* - supported mpy file-format version (optional attribute)
* *_build* - string that can help identify the configuration that
MicroPython was built with
This object is the recommended way to distinguish MicroPython from other
Python implementations (note that it still may not exist in the very
@@ -85,16 +80,6 @@ Constants
Starting with version 1.22.0-preview, the fourth node *releaselevel* in
*implementation.version* is either an empty string or ``"preview"``.
The *_build* entry was added in version 1.25.0 and is a hyphen-separated
set of elements. New elements may be appended in the future so it's best to
access this field using ``sys.implementation._build.split("-")``. The
elements that are currently used are:
* On the unix, webassembly and windows ports the first element is the variant
name, for example ``'standard'``.
* On microcontroller targets, the first element is the board name and the second
element (if present) is the board variant, for example ``'RPI_PICO2-RISCV'``
.. admonition:: Difference to CPython
:class: attention

8
docs/library/vfs.rst
View File

@@ -34,14 +34,6 @@ represented by VFS classes.
Will raise ``OSError(EPERM)`` if *mount_point* is already mounted.
.. function:: mount()
:noindex:
With no arguments to :func:`mount`, return a list of tuples representing
all active mountpoints.
The returned list has the form *[(fsobj, mount_point), ...]*.
.. function:: umount(mount_point)
Unmount a filesystem. *mount_point* can be a string naming the mount location,

67
docs/mimxrt/pinout.rst
View File

@@ -30,28 +30,26 @@ MIMXRT1170-EVK Debug USB D0/D1 D12/D11 D10/D13
Adafruit Metro M7 - D0/D1 D7/D3 A1/A0
Olimex RT1010Py - RxD/TxD D7/D8 D5/D6
Seeed ARCH MIX - J3_19/J3_20 J4_16/J4_17 J4_06/J4_07
Makerdiary RT1011 - D9/D10 D13/A0 D11/D12
================= =========== =========== =========== ===========
|
================= =========== =========== ======= ======= =====
Board / Pin UART4 UART5 UART6 UART7 UART8
================= =========== =========== ======= ======= =====
Teensy 4.0 16/17 21/20 25/24 28/29 -
Teensy 4.1 16/17 21/20 25/24 28/29 34/35
MIMXRT1010-EVK - - - - -
MIMXRT1015-EVK - - - - -
MIMXRT1020-EVK D15/D14 A1/A0 - - -
MIMXRT1050-EVK A1/A0 - - - -
MIMXRT1050-EVKB A1/A0 - - - -
MIMXRT1060-EVK A1/A0 - - - -
MIMXRT1064-EVK A1/A0 - - - -
MIMXRT1170-EVK D15/D14 D25/D26 D33/D34 D35/D36 -
Olimex RT1010Py - - - - -
Seeed ARCH MIX J4_10/J4_11 J5_08/J5_12 - - -
Makerdiary RT1011 A1/A2 - - - -
================= =========== =========== ======= ======= =====
================ =========== =========== ======= ======= =====
Board / Pin UART4 UART5 UART6 UART7 UART8
================ =========== =========== ======= ======= =====
Teensy 4.0 16/17 21/20 25/24 28/29 -
Teensy 4.1 16/17 21/20 25/24 28/29 34/35
MIMXRT1010-EVK - - - - -
MIMXRT1015-EVK - - - - -
MIMXRT1020-EVK D15/D14 A1/A0 - - -
MIMXRT1050-EVK A1/A0 - - - -
MIMXRT1050-EVKB A1/A0 - - - -
MIMXRT1060-EVK A1/A0 - - - -
MIMXRT1064-EVK A1/A0 - - - -
MIMXRT1170-EVK D15/D14 D25/D26 D33/D34 D35/D36 -
Olimex RT1010Py - - - - -
Seeed ARCH MIX J4_10/J4_11 J5_08/J5_12 - - -
================ =========== =========== ======= ======= =====
.. _mimxrt_pwm_pinout:
@@ -190,6 +188,7 @@ LED_BLUE F1/3/B
========= ===============
Pin Olimex RT1010PY
========= ===============
D0 -
D1 F1/0/B
D2 F1/0/A
D3 F1/1/B
@@ -198,10 +197,13 @@ D5 F1/2/B
D6 F1/2/A
D7 F1/3/B
D8 F1/3/A
D9 -
D10 F1/0/B
D11 F1/0/A
D12 F1/1/B
D13 F1/1/A
D14 -
A0 -
A1 F1/2/B
A2 F1/2/A
A3 F1/3/B
@@ -212,32 +214,6 @@ CS0 F1/1/X
SCK F1/0/X
========= ===============
|
========= =================
Pin Makerdiary RT1011
========= =================
D1 F1/0/B
D2 F1/0/A
D3 F1/1/B
D4 F1/1/A
D5 F1/2/B
D6 F1/2/A
D7 F1/3/B
D8 F1/3/A
A3 F1/2/B
A4 F1/2/A
A5 F1/3/B
A6 F1/3/A
A9 F1/3/X
A10 F1/2/X
A11 F1/1/X
SD1 F1/0/B
SD2 F1/0/A
LED F1/1/B
DIO F1/0/X
========= =================
Legend:
* Qm/n: QTMR module m, channel n
@@ -346,7 +322,6 @@ MIXMXRT1170-EVK D10/-/D11/D12/D13 D28/-/D25/D24/D26 -/-/D14/D
Adafruit Metro M7 -/-/MOSI/MISO/SCK - -
Olimex RT1010Py - CS0/-/SDO/SDI/SCK SDCARD with CS1
Seeed ARCH MIX J4_12/-/J4_14/J4_13/J4_15 J3_09/J3_05/J3_08_J3_11
Makerdiary RT1011 A5/A2/A4/A3/A6 A11/A1/A10/A9/CLK
================= ========================= ======================= ===============
Pins denoted with (*) are by default not wired at the board. The CS0 and CS1 signals
@@ -380,7 +355,6 @@ MIXMXRT1170-EVK D14/D15 D1/D0 A4/A5 D26/D25 D19/D18
Adafruit Metro M7 D14/D15 D0/D1
Olimex RT1010Py - SDA1/SCL1 SDA2/SCL2 - -
Seeed ARCH MIX J3_17/J3_16 J4_06/J4_07 J5_05/J5_04 - -
Makerdiary RT1011 D1/D2 A7/A8
================= =========== =========== =========== ======= =======
.. _mimxrt_i2s_pinout:
@@ -405,7 +379,6 @@ Adafruit Metro M7 1 D8 D10 D9 D12 D14 D15 D13
Olimex RT1010Py 1 D8 D6 D7 D4 D1 D2 D3
Olimex RT1010Py 3 - D10 D9 D11 - - -
MIMXRT_DEV 1 "MCK" "SCK_TX" "WS_TX" "SD_TX" "SCK_RX" "WS_RX" "SD_RX"
Makerdiary RT1011 1 D8 SD1 D7 D4 D1 D2 D3
================= == ===== ======== ======= ======= ======== ======= =======
Symbolic pin names are provided for the MIMXRT_10xx_DEV boards.

28
docs/mimxrt/quickref.rst
View File

@@ -122,13 +122,10 @@ See :ref:`machine.UART <machine.UART>`. ::
uart1 = UART(1, baudrate=115200)
uart1.write('hello') # write 5 bytes
uart1.read(5) # read up to 5 bytes
uart1 = UART(baudrate=19200) # open UART 1 at 19200 baud
The i.MXRT has up to eight hardware UARTs, but not every board exposes all
TX and RX pins for users. For the assignment of Pins to UART signals,
refer to the :ref:`UART pinout <mimxrt_uart_pinout>`. If the UART ID is
omitted, UART(1) is selected. Then, the keyword
option for baudrate must be used to change it from the default value.
refer to the :ref:`UART pinout <mimxrt_uart_pinout>`.
PWM (pulse width modulation)
----------------------------
@@ -196,7 +193,7 @@ PWM Constructor
- *freq* should be an integer which sets the frequency in Hz for the
PWM cycle. The valid frequency range is 15 Hz resp. 18Hz resp. 24Hz up to > 1 MHz.
- *duty_u16* sets the duty cycle as a ratio ``duty_u16 / 65535``.
- *duty_u16* sets the duty cycle as a ratio ``duty_u16 / 65536``.
The duty cycle of a X channel can only be changed, if the A and B channel
of the respective submodule is not used. Otherwise the duty_16 value of the
X channel is 32768 (50%).
@@ -234,7 +231,7 @@ is created by dividing the pwm_clk signal by an integral factor, according to th
f = pwm_clk / (2**n * m)
with n being in the range of 0..7, and m in the range of 2..65535. pmw_clk is 125Mhz
with n being in the range of 0..7, and m in the range of 2..65536. pmw_clk is 125Mhz
for MIMXRT1010/1015/1020, 150 MHz for MIMXRT1050/1060/1064 and 160MHz for MIMXRT1170.
The lowest frequency is pwm_clk/2**23 (15, 18, 20Hz). The highest frequency with
U16 resolution is pwm_clk/2**16 (1907, 2288, 2441 Hz), the highest frequency
@@ -258,7 +255,7 @@ Use the :ref:`machine.ADC <machine.ADC>` class::
from machine import ADC
adc = ADC(Pin('A2')) # create ADC object on ADC pin
adc.read_u16() # read value, 0-65535 across voltage range 0.0v - 3.3v
adc.read_u16() # read value, 0-65536 across voltage range 0.0v - 3.3v
The resolution of the ADC is 12 bit with 10 to 11 bit accuracy, irrespective of the
value returned by read_u16(). If you need a higher resolution or better accuracy, use
@@ -308,15 +305,12 @@ rates (up to 30Mhz). Hardware SPI is accessed via the
cs_pin(0)
spi.write('Hello World')
cs_pin(1)
spi = SPI(baudrate=4_000_000) # Use SPI(0) at a baudrate of 4 MHz
For the assignment of Pins to SPI signals, refer to
:ref:`Hardware SPI pinout <mimxrt_spi_pinout>`.
The keyword option cs=n can be used to enable the cs pin 0 or 1 for an automatic cs signal. The
default is cs=-1. Using cs=-1 the automatic cs signal is not created.
In that case, cs has to be set by the script. Clearing that assignment requires a power cycle.
If the SPI ID is omitted, SPI(0) is selected. Then, the keyword
option for baudrate must be used to change it from the default value.
Notes:
@@ -361,10 +355,6 @@ has the same methods as software SPI above::
i2c = I2C(0, 400_000)
i2c.writeto(0x76, b"Hello World")
i2c = I2C(freq=100_000) # use I2C(0) at 100kHz
If the I2C ID is omitted, I2C(0) is selected. Then, the keyword
option for freq must be used to change the freq from the default value.
I2S bus
-------
@@ -439,9 +429,7 @@ See :ref:`machine.RTC <machine.RTC>`::
from machine import RTC
rtc = RTC()
rtc.datetime((2017, 8, 23, 0, 1, 12, 48, 0)) # set a specific date and
# time, eg. 2017/8/23 1:12:48
# the day-of-week value is ignored
rtc.datetime((2017, 8, 23, 1, 12, 48, 0, 0)) # set a specific date and time
rtc.datetime() # get date and time
rtc.now() # return date and time in CPython format.
@@ -450,10 +438,6 @@ The i.MXRT MCU supports battery backup of the RTC. By connecting a battery of
current drawn from the battery is ~20µA, which is rather high. A CR2032 coin
cell will last for about one year.
Note: In v1.23.0 the support for subseconds was removed. When reading the RTC, 0 will
be returned as value for subsecond, When setting the RTC time, the subsecond
field is ignored. The RTC itself does not provide a microsecond value.
SD card
-------
@@ -544,7 +528,7 @@ Ethernet. Example usage::
lan.active(True)
If there is a DHCP server in the LAN, the IP address is supplied by that server.
Otherwise, the IP address can be set with lan.ipconfig(addr4="..."). The default address
Otherwise, the IP address can be set with lan.ifconfig(). The default address
is 192.168.0.1.
Teensy 4.1 does not have an Ethernet jack on the board, but PJRC offers an

4
docs/pyboard/quickref.rst
View File

@@ -138,9 +138,7 @@ See :ref:`pyb.RTC <pyb.RTC>` ::
from pyb import RTC
rtc = RTC()
rtc.datetime((2017, 8, 23, 0, 1, 12, 48, 0)) # set a specific date and
# time, eg. 2017/8/23 1:12:48
# the day-of-week value is ignored
rtc.datetime((2017, 8, 23, 1, 12, 48, 0, 0)) # set a specific date and time
rtc.datetime() # get date and time
PWM (pulse width modulation)

2
docs/pyboard/tutorial/reset.rst
View File

@@ -10,8 +10,6 @@ execution of ``boot.py`` and ``main.py`` and gives default USB settings.
If you have problems with the filesystem you can do a factory reset,
which restores the filesystem to its original state.
For more information, see :doc:`/reference/reset_boot`.
Safe mode
---------

1
docs/reference/index.rst
View File

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ implementation and the best practices to use them.
glossary.rst
repl.rst
reset_boot.rst
mpremote.rst
mpyfiles.rst
isr_rules.rst

18
docs/reference/isr_rules.rst
View File

@@ -170,17 +170,11 @@ is partially updated. When the ISR tries to read the object, a crash results. Be
on rare, random occasions they can be hard to diagnose. There are ways to circumvent this issue, described in
:ref:`Critical Sections <Critical>` below.
It is important to be clear about what constitutes the modification of an object. Altering the contents of an array
or bytearray is safe. This is because bytes or words are written as a single machine code instruction which is not
interruptible: in the parlance of real time programming the write is atomic. The same is true of updating a
dictionary item because items are machine words, being integers or pointers to objects. A user defined object might
instantiate an array or bytearray. It is valid for both the main loop and the ISR to alter the contents of these.
The hazard arises when the structure of an object is altered, notably in the case of dictionaries. Adding or deleting
keys can trigger a rehash. If a hard ISR runs while a rehash is in progress and attempts to access an item, a crash
may occur. Internally globals are implemented as a dictionary. Consequently the main program should create all
necessary globals before starting a process that generates hard interrupts. Application code should also avoid
deleting globals.
It is important to be clear about what constitutes the modification of an object. An alteration to a built-in type
such as a dictionary is problematic. Altering the contents of an array or bytearray is not. This is because bytes
or words are written as a single machine code instruction which is not interruptible: in the parlance of real time
programming the write is atomic. A user defined object might instantiate an integer, array or bytearray. It is valid
for both the main loop and the ISR to alter the contents of these.
MicroPython supports integers of arbitrary precision. Values between 2**30 -1 and -2**30 will be stored in
a single machine word. Larger values are stored as Python objects. Consequently changes to long integers cannot
@@ -209,7 +203,7 @@ issue a further interrupt. It then schedules a callback to process the data.
Scheduled callbacks should comply with the principles of interrupt handler design outlined below. This is to
avoid problems resulting from I/O activity and the modification of shared data which can arise in any code
which preempts the main program loop.
which pre-empts the main program loop.
Execution time needs to be considered in relation to the frequency with which interrupts can occur. If an
interrupt occurs while the previous callback is executing, a further instance of the callback will be queued

2
docs/reference/manifest.rst
View File

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ re-flashing the entire firmware. However, it can still be useful to
selectively freeze some rarely-changing dependencies (such as third-party
libraries).
The way to list the Python files to be frozen into the firmware is via
The way to list the Python files to be be frozen into the firmware is via
a "manifest", which is a Python file that will be interpreted by the build
process. Typically you would write a manifest file as part of a board
definition, but you can also write a stand-alone manifest file and use it with

70
docs/reference/mpremote.rst
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@@ -78,7 +78,6 @@ The full list of supported commands are:
- `mip <mpremote_command_mip>`
- `mount <mpremote_command_mount>`
- `unmount <mpremote_command_unmount>`
- `romfs <mpremote_command_romfs>`
- `rtc <mpremote_command_rtc>`
- `sleep <mpremote_command_sleep>`
- `reset <mpremote_command_reset>`
@@ -228,45 +227,24 @@ The full list of supported commands are:
- ``cat <file..>`` to show the contents of a file or files on the device
- ``ls`` to list the current directory
- ``ls <dirs...>`` to list the given directories
- ``cp [-rf] <src...> <dest>`` to copy files
- ``rm [-r] <src...>`` to remove files or folders on the device
- ``cp [-r] <src...> <dest>`` to copy files
- ``rm <src...>`` to remove files on the device
- ``mkdir <dirs...>`` to create directories on the device
- ``rmdir <dirs...>`` to remove directories on the device
- ``touch <file..>`` to create the files (if they don't already exist)
- ``sha256sum <file..>`` to calculate the SHA256 sum of files
The ``cp`` command uses a convention where a leading ``:`` represents a remote
path. Without a leading ``:`` means a local path. This is based on the
convention used by the `Secure Copy Protocol (scp) client
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_copy_protocol>`_.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_copy_protocol>`_. All other commands
implicitly assume the path is a remote path, but the ``:`` can be optionally
used for clarity.
So for example, ``mpremote fs cp main.py :main.py`` copies ``main.py`` from
the current local directory to the remote filesystem, whereas
``mpremote fs cp :main.py main.py`` copies ``main.py`` from the device back
to the current directory.
The ``mpremote rm -r`` command accepts both relative and absolute paths.
Use ``:`` to refer to the current remote working directory (cwd) to allow a
directory tree to be removed from the device's default path (eg ``/flash``, ``/``).
Use ``-v/--verbose`` to see the files being removed.
For example:
- ``mpremote rm -r :libs`` will remove the ``libs`` directory and all its
child items from the device.
- ``mpremote rm -rv :/sd`` will remove all files from a mounted SDCard and result
in a non-blocking warning. The mount will be retained.
- ``mpremote rm -rv :/`` will remove all files on the device, including any
located in mounted vfs such as ``/sd`` or ``/flash``. After removing all folders
and files, this will also return an error to mimic unix ``rm -rf /`` behaviour.
.. warning::
There is no supported way to undelete files removed by ``mpremote rm -r :``.
Please use with caution.
All other commands implicitly assume the path is a remote path, but the ``:``
can be optionally used for clarity.
All of the filesystem sub-commands take multiple path arguments, so if there
is another command in the sequence, you must use ``+`` to terminate the
arguments, e.g.
@@ -278,11 +256,6 @@ The full list of supported commands are:
This will copy the file to the device then enter the REPL. The ``+`` prevents
``"repl"`` being interpreted as a path.
The ``cp`` command supports the ``-r`` option to make a recursive copy. By
default ``cp`` will skip copying files to the remote device if the SHA256 hash
of the source and destination file matches. To force a copy regardless of the
hash use the ``-f`` option.
**Note:** For convenience, all of the filesystem sub-commands are also
:ref:`aliased as regular commands <mpremote_shortcuts>`, i.e. you can write
``mpremote cp ...`` instead of ``mpremote fs cp ...``.
@@ -368,29 +341,6 @@ The full list of supported commands are:
This happens automatically when ``mpremote`` terminates, but it can be used
in a sequence to unmount an earlier mount before subsequent command are run.
.. _mpremote_command_romfs:
- **romfs** -- manage ROMFS partitions on the device:
.. code-block:: bash
$ mpremote romfs <sub-command>
``<sub-command>`` may be:
- ``romfs query`` to list all the available ROMFS partitions and their size
- ``romfs [-o <output>] build <source>`` to create a ROMFS image from the given
source directory; the default output file is the source appended by ``.romfs``
- ``romfs [-p <partition>] deploy <source>`` to deploy a ROMFS image to the device;
will also create a temporary ROMFS image if the source is a directory
The ``build`` and ``deploy`` sub-commands both support the ``-m``/``--mpy`` option
to automatically compile ``.py`` files to ``.mpy`` when creating the ROMFS image.
This option is enabled by default, but only works if the ``mpy_cross`` Python
package has been installed (eg via ``pip install mpy_cross``). If the package is
not installed then a warning is printed and ``.py`` files remain as is. Compiling
of ``.py`` files can be disabled with the ``--no-mpy`` option.
.. _mpremote_command_rtc:
- **rtc** -- set/get the device clock (RTC):
@@ -519,9 +469,9 @@ An example ``config.py`` might look like:
for ap in wl.scan():
print(ap)
""",], # Print out nearby WiFi networks.
"wl_ipconfig": [
"wl_ifconfig": [
"exec",
"import network; sta_if = network.WLAN(network.WLAN.IF_STA); print(sta_if.ipconfig('addr4'))",
"import network; sta_if = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF); print(sta_if.ifconfig())",
""",], # Print ip address of station interface.
"test": ["mount", ".", "exec", "import test"], # Mount current directory and run test.py.
"demo": ["run", "path/to/demo.py"], # Execute demo.py on the device.
@@ -591,9 +541,9 @@ device at ``/dev/ttyACM1``, printing each result.
mpremote resume exec "print_state_info()" soft-reset
Connect to the device without triggering a :ref:`soft reset <soft_reset>` and
execute the ``print_state_info()`` function (e.g. to find out information about
the current program state), then trigger a soft reset.
Connect to the device without triggering a soft reset and execute the
``print_state_info()`` function (e.g. to find out information about the current
program state), then trigger a soft reset.
.. code-block:: bash

2
docs/reference/mpyfiles.rst
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@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ If importing an .mpy file fails then try the following:
sys_mpy = sys.implementation._mpy
arch = [None, 'x86', 'x64',
'armv6', 'armv6m', 'armv7m', 'armv7em', 'armv7emsp', 'armv7emdp',
'xtensa', 'xtensawin', 'rv32imc'][sys_mpy >> 10]
'xtensa', 'xtensawin'][sys_mpy >> 10]
print('mpy version:', sys_mpy & 0xff)
print('mpy sub-version:', sys_mpy >> 8 & 3)
print('mpy flags:', end='')

52
docs/reference/packages.rst
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@@ -69,9 +69,9 @@ On the Unix port, ``mip`` can be used at the REPL as above, and also by using ``
$ ./micropython -m mip install pkgname-or-url
$ ./micropython -m mip install pkgname-or-url@version
The ``--target path``, ``--no-mpy``, and ``--index`` arguments can be set::
The ``--target=path``, ``--no-mpy``, and ``--index`` arguments can be set::
$ ./micropython -m mip install --target third-party pkgname
$ ./micropython -m mip install --target=third-party pkgname
$ ./micropython -m mip install --no-mpy pkgname
$ ./micropython -m mip install --index https://host/pi pkgname
@@ -96,18 +96,6 @@ The ``--target=path``, ``--no-mpy``, and ``--index`` arguments can be set::
$ mpremote mip install --no-mpy pkgname
$ mpremote mip install --index https://host/pi pkgname
:term:`mpremote` can also install packages from files stored on the host's local
filesystem::
$ mpremote mip install path/to/pkg.py
$ mpremote mip install path/to/app/package.json
$ mpremote mip install \\path\\to\\pkg.py
This is especially useful for testing packages during development and for
installing packages from local clones of GitHub repositories. Note that URLs in
``package.json`` files must use forward slashes ("/") as directory separators,
even on Windows, so that they are compatible with installing from the web.
Installing packages manually
----------------------------
@@ -128,25 +116,12 @@ To write a "self-hosted" package that can be downloaded by ``mip`` or
``mpremote``, you need a static webserver (or GitHub) to host either a
single .py file, or a ``package.json`` file alongside your .py files.
An example ``mlx90640`` library hosted on GitHub could be installed with::
$ mpremote mip install github:org/micropython-mlx90640
The layout for the package on GitHub might look like::
https://github.com/org/micropython-mlx90640/
package.json
mlx90640/
__init__.py
utils.py
The ``package.json`` specifies the location of files to be installed and other
dependencies::
A typical ``package.json`` for an example ``mlx90640`` library looks like::
{
"urls": [
["mlx90640/__init__.py", "mlx90640/__init__.py"],
["mlx90640/utils.py", "mlx90640/utils.py"]
["mlx90640/__init__.py", "github:org/micropython-mlx90640/mlx90640/__init__.py"],
["mlx90640/utils.py", "github:org/micropython-mlx90640/mlx90640/utils.py"]
],
"deps": [
["collections-defaultdict", "latest"],
@@ -157,20 +132,9 @@ dependencies::
"version": "0.2"
}
The ``urls`` list specifies the files to be installed according to::
"urls": [
[destination_path, source_url]
...
where ``destination_path`` is the location and name of the file to be installed
on the device and ``source_url`` is the URL of the file to be installed. The
source URL would usually be specified relative to the directory containing the
``package.json`` file, but can also be an absolute URL, eg::
["mlx90640/utils.py", "github:org/micropython-mlx90640/mlx90640/utils.py"]
The package depends on ``collections-defaultdict`` and ``os-path`` which will
This includes two files, hosted at a GitHub repo named
``org/micropython-mlx90640``, which install into the ``mlx90640`` directory on
the device. It depends on ``collections-defaultdict`` and ``os-path`` which will
be installed automatically from the :term:`micropython-lib`. The third
dependency installs the content as defined by the ``package.json`` file of the
``main`` branch of the GitHub repo ``org/micropython-additions``.

5
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@@ -120,8 +120,9 @@ Some more examples::
# Same, but using . instead.
$ pyboard.py --device /dev/ttyACM0 -f cp :main.py .
# Copy three files to the device, keeping their names.
$ pyboard.py --device /dev/ttyACM0 -f cp main.py app.py foo.py :
# Copy three files to the device, keeping their names
# and paths (note: `lib` must exist on the device)
$ pyboard.py --device /dev/ttyACM0 -f cp main.py app.py lib/foo.py :
# Remove a file from the device.
$ pyboard.py --device /dev/ttyACM0 -f rm util.py

11
docs/reference/repl.rst
View File

@@ -143,12 +143,10 @@ the auto-indent feature, and changes the prompt from ``>>>`` to ``===``. For exa
Paste Mode allows blank lines to be pasted. The pasted text is compiled as if
it were a file. Pressing Ctrl-D exits paste mode and initiates the compilation.
.. _repl_soft_reset:
Soft reset
----------
A :ref:`soft_reset` will reset the python interpreter, but tries not to reset the
A soft reset will reset the python interpreter, but tries not to reset the
method by which you're connected to the MicroPython board (USB-serial, or Wifi).
You can perform a soft reset from the REPL by pressing Ctrl-D, or from your python
@@ -184,9 +182,6 @@ variables no longer exist:
['__name__', 'pyb']
>>>
For more information about reset types and the startup process, see
:doc:`/reference/reset_boot`.
The special variable _ (underscore)
-----------------------------------
@@ -201,8 +196,6 @@ So you can use the underscore to save the result in a variable. For example:
15
>>>
.. _raw_repl:
Raw mode and raw-paste mode
---------------------------
@@ -213,7 +206,7 @@ echo turned off, and with optional flow control.
Raw mode is entered using Ctrl-A. You then send your python code, followed by
a Ctrl-D. The Ctrl-D will be acknowledged by 'OK' and then the python code will
be compiled and executed. Any output (or errors) will be sent back. Entering
Ctrl-B will leave raw mode and return the regular (aka friendly) REPL.
Ctrl-B will leave raw mode and return the the regular (aka friendly) REPL.
Raw-paste mode is an additional mode within the raw REPL that includes flow control,
and which compiles code as it receives it. This makes it more robust for high-speed

262
docs/reference/reset_boot.rst
View File

@@ -1,262 +0,0 @@
Reset and Boot Sequence
=======================
A device running MicroPython follows a particular boot sequence to start up and
initialise itself after a reset.
.. _hard_reset:
Hard reset
----------
Booting from hard reset is what happens when a board is first powered up, a cold
boot. This is a complete reset of the MCU hardware.
The MicroPython port code initialises all essential hardware (including embedded
clocks and power regulators, internal serial UART, etc), and then starts the
MicroPython environment. Existing :doc:`RTC </library/machine.RTC>`
configuration may be retained after a hard reset, but all other hardware state
is cleared.
The same hard reset boot sequence can be triggered by a number of events such as:
- Python code executing :func:`machine.reset()`.
- User presses a physical Reset button on the board (where applicable).
- Waking from deep sleep (on most ports).
- MCU hardware watchdog reset.
- MCU hardware brown out detector.
The details of hardware-specific reset triggers depend on the port and
associated hardware. The :func:`machine.reset_cause()` function can be used to
further determine the cause of a reset.
.. _soft_reset:
Soft Reset
----------
When MicroPython is already running, it's possible to trigger a soft reset by
:ref:`typing Ctrl-D in the REPL <repl_soft_reset>` or executing
:func:`machine.soft_reset()`.
A soft reset clears the Python interpreter, frees all Python memory, and starts
the MicroPython environment again.
State which is cleared by a soft reset includes:
- All Python variables, objects, imported modules, etc.
- Most peripherals configured using the :doc:`machine module
</library/machine>`. There are very limited exceptions, for example
:doc:`machine.Pin </library/machine.Pin>` modes (i.e. if a pin is input or
output, high or low) are not reset on most ports. More advanced configuration
such as :func:`Pin.irq()` is always reset.
- Bluetooth.
- Network sockets. Open TCP sockets are closed cleanly with respect to the other party.
- Open files. The filesystem is left in a valid state.
Some system state remains the same after a soft reset, including:
- Any existing network connections (Ethernet, Wi-Fi, etc) remain active at the
IP Network layer. Querying the :doc:`network interface from code
</library/network>` may indicate the network interface is still active with a
configured IP address, etc.
- An active :doc:`REPL <repl>` appears continuous before and after soft reset,
except in some unusual cases:
* If the :ref:`machine.USBDevice <machine.USBDevice>` class has been used to
create a custom USB interface then any built-in USB serial device will
appear to disconnect and reconnect as the custom USB interface must be
cleared during reset.
* A serial UART REPL will restore its default hardware configuration (baud
rate, etc).
- CPU clock speed is usually not changed by a soft reset.
- :doc:`RTC </library/machine.RTC>` configuration (i.e. setting of the current
time) is not changed by soft reset.
.. _boot_sequence:
Boot Sequence
-------------
When MicroPython boots following either a hard or soft reset, it follows this
boot sequence in order:
_boot.py
^^^^^^^^
This is an internal script :doc:`frozen into the MicroPython firmware
<manifest>`. It is provided by MicroPython on many ports to do essential
initialisation.
For example, on most ports ``_boot.py`` will detect the first boot of a new
device and format the :doc:`internal flash filesystem <filesystem>` ready for
use.
Unless you're creating a custom MicroPython build or adding a new port then you
probably don't need to worry about ``_boot.py``. It's best not to change the
contents unless you really know what you're doing.
.. _boot.py:
boot.py
^^^^^^^
A file named ``boot.py`` can be copied to the board's internal :ref:`filesystem
<filesystem>` using :doc:`mpremote <mpremote>`.
If ``boot.py`` is found then it is executed. You can add code in ``boot.py`` to
perform custom one-off initialisation (for example, to configure the board's
hardware).
A common practice is to configure a board's network connection in ``boot.py`` so
that it's always available after reset for use with the :doc:`REPL <repl>`,
:doc:`mpremote <mpremote>`, etc.
.. warning:: boot.py should always exit and not run indefinitely.
Depending on the port, some hardware initialisation is delayed until after
``boot.py`` exits. This includes initialising USB on the stm32 port and all
ports which support :ref:`machine.USBDevice <machine.USBDevice>`. On these
ports, output printed from ``boot.py`` may not be visible on the built-in USB
serial port until after ``boot.py`` finishes running.
The purpose of this late initialisation is so that it's possible to
pre-configure particular hardware in ``boot.py``, and then have it start with
the correct configuration.
.. note:: It is sometimes simpler to not have a ``boot.py`` file and place any
initialisation code at the top of ``main.py`` instead.
.. _main.py:
main.py
^^^^^^^
Similar to ``boot.py``, a file named ``main.py`` can be copied to the board's
internal :ref:`filesystem <filesystem>`. If found then it is executed next in the
startup process.
``main.py`` is for any Python code that you want to run each time your device
starts.
Some tips for ``main.py`` usage:
- ``main.py`` doesn't have to exit, feel free to put an infinite ``while
True`` loop in there.
- For complex Python applications then you don't need to put all your
code in ``main.py``. ``main.py`` can be a simple entry point that
imports your application and starts execution::
import my_app
my_app.main()
This can help keep the structure of your application clear. It also makes
it easy to install multiple applications on a board and switch among them.
- It's good practice when writing robust apps to wrap code in ``main.py`` with an
exception handler to take appropriate action if the code crashes. For example::
import machine, sys
import my_app
try:
my_app.main()
except Exception as e:
print("Fatal error in main:")
sys.print_exception(e)
# Following a normal Exception or main() exiting, reset the board.
# Following a non-Exception error such as KeyboardInterrupt (Ctrl-C),
# this code will drop to a REPL. Place machine.reset() in a finally
# block to always reset, instead.
machine.reset()
Otherwise MicroPython will drop to the REPL following any crash or if main
exits (see below).
- Any global variables that were set in ``boot.py`` will still be set in the
global context of ``main.py``.
- To fully optimise flash usage and memory consumption, you can copy
:doc:`pre-compiled <mpyfiles>` ``main.mpy`` and/or ``boot.mpy`` files to the
filesystem, or even :doc:`freeze <manifest>` them into the firmware build
instead.
- ``main.py`` execution is skipped when a soft reset is initiated from :ref:`raw
REPL mode <raw_repl>` (for example, when :doc:`mpremote <mpremote>` or another
program is interacting directly with MicroPython).
Interactive Interpreter (REPL)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
If ``main.py`` is not found, or if ``main.py`` exits, then :doc:`repl`
will start immediately.
.. note:: Even if ``main.py`` contains an infinite loop, typing Ctrl-C on the
REPL serial port will inject a `KeyboardInterrupt`. If no exception
handler catches it then ``main.py`` will exit and the REPL will start.
Any global variables that were set in ``boot.py`` and ``main.py`` will still be
set in the global context of the REPL.
The REPL continues executing until Python code triggers a hard or soft reset.
.. _soft_bricking:
Soft Bricking (failure to boot)
---------------------------------
It is rare but possible for MicroPython to become unresponsive during startup, a
state sometimes called "soft bricked". For example:
- If ``boot.py`` execution gets stuck and the native USB serial port
never initialises.
- If Python code reconfigures the REPL interface, making it inaccessible.
Rest assured, recovery is possible!
KeyboardInterrupt
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
In many cases, opening the REPL serial port and typing ``Ctrl-C`` will inject
`KeyboardInterrupt` and may cause the running script to exit and a REPL to
start. From the REPL, you can use :func:`os.remove()` to remove the misbehaving
Python file::
import os
os.remove('main.py')
To confirm which files are still present in the internal filesystem::
import os
os.listdir()
Safe Mode and Factory Reset
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
If you're unable to easily access the REPL then you may need to perform one of
two processes:
1. "Safe mode" boot, which skips ``boot.py`` and ``main.py`` and immediately
starts a REPL, allowing you to clean up. This is only supported on some ports.
2. Factory Reset to erase the entire contents of the flash filesystem. This may
also be necessary if the internal flash filesystem has become corrupted
somehow.
The specific process(es) are different on each port:
- :doc:`pyboard and stm32 port instructions </pyboard/tutorial/reset>`
- :doc:`esp32 port instructions </esp32/tutorial/reset>`
- :doc:`renesas-ra port instructions </renesas-ra/tutorial/reset>`
- :doc:`rp2 port instructions </rp2/tutorial/reset>`
- :doc:`wipy port instructions </wipy/tutorial/reset>`
For ports without specific instructions linked above, the factory reset process
involves erasing the board's entire flash and then flashing MicroPython again
from scratch. Usually this will involve the same tool(s) that were originally
used to install MicroPython. Consult the installation docs for your board, or
ask on the `GitHub Discussions`_ if you're not sure.
.. warning:: Re-flashing the MicroPython firmware without erasing the entire
flash first will usually not recover from soft bricking, as a
firmware update usually preserves the contents of the filesystem.
.. _GitHub Discussions: https://github.com/orgs/micropython/discussions

35
docs/reference/speed_python.rst
View File

@@ -57,8 +57,6 @@ and used in various methods.
This is covered in further detail :ref:`Controlling garbage collection <controlling_gc>` below.
.. _speed_buffers:
Buffers
~~~~~~~
@@ -71,13 +69,6 @@ example, objects which support stream interface (e.g., file or UART) provide ``r
method which allocates new buffer for read data, but also a ``readinto()`` method
to read data into an existing buffer.
Some useful classes for creating reusable buffer objects:
- :class:`bytearray`
- :mod:`array` (:ref:`discussed below<speed_arrays>`)
- :class:`io.StringIO` and :class:`io.BytesIO`
- :class:`micropython.RingIO`
Floating point
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -89,20 +80,15 @@ point to sections of the code where performance is not paramount. For example,
capture ADC readings as integers values to an array in one quick go, and only then
convert them to floating-point numbers for signal processing.
.. _speed_arrays:
Arrays
~~~~~~
Consider the use of the various types of array classes as an alternative to lists.
The :mod:`array` module supports various element types with 8-bit elements supported
The `array` module supports various element types with 8-bit elements supported
by Python's built in `bytes` and `bytearray` classes. These data structures all store
elements in contiguous memory locations. Once again to avoid memory allocation in critical
code these should be pre-allocated and passed as arguments or as bound objects.
Memoryviews
~~~~~~~~~~~
When passing slices of objects such as `bytearray` instances, Python creates
a copy which involves allocation of the size proportional to the size of slice.
This can be alleviated using a `memoryview` object. The `memoryview` itself
@@ -132,23 +118,6 @@ of buffer and fills in entire buffer. What if you need to put data in the
middle of existing buffer? Just create a memoryview into the needed section
of buffer and pass it to ``readinto()``.
Strings vs Bytes
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
MicroPython uses :ref:`string interning <qstr>` to save space when there are
multiple identical strings. Each time a new string is allocated at runtime (for
example, when two other strings are concatenated), MicroPython checks whether
the new string can be interned to save RAM.
If you have code which performs performance-critical string operations then
consider using :class:`bytes` objects and literals (i.e. ``b"abc"``). This skips
the interning check, and can be several times faster than performing the same
operations with string objects.
.. note:: The fastest performance will always be achieved by avoiding new object
creation entirely, for example with a reusable :ref:`buffer as described
above<speed_buffers>`.
Identifying the slowest section of code
---------------------------------------
@@ -219,7 +188,7 @@ process known as garbage collection reclaims the memory used by these redundant
objects and the allocation is then tried again - a process which can take several
milliseconds.
There may be benefits in preempting this by periodically issuing `gc.collect()`.
There may be benefits in pre-empting this by periodically issuing `gc.collect()`.
Firstly doing a collection before it is actually required is quicker - typically on the
order of 1ms if done frequently. Secondly you can determine the point in code
where this time is used rather than have a longer delay occur at random points,

5
docs/renesas-ra/quickref.rst
View File

@@ -206,9 +206,8 @@ See :ref:`machine.RTC <machine.RTC>` ::
from machine import RTC
rtc = RTC()
rtc.datetime((2017, 8, 23, 0, 1, 12, 48, 0)) # set a specific date and
# time, eg. 2017/8/23 1:12:48
# the day-of-week value is ignored
rtc.datetime((2017, 8, 23, 1, 12, 48, 0, 0)) # set a specific date and time
# time, eg 2017/8/23 1:12:48
rtc.datetime() # get date and time
Following functions are not supported at the present::

2
docs/renesas-ra/tutorial/program_in_flash.rst
View File

@@ -28,8 +28,6 @@ As the factory setting, following 2 files are created in the file system:
* boot.py : executed first when the system starts
* main.py : executed after boot.py completes
See :doc:`/reference/reset_boot` for more information.
Write a program in the internal file system
-------------------------------------------

20
docs/renesas-ra/tutorial/reset.rst
View File

@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@ If that isn't working you can perform a hard reset (turn-it-off-and-on-again)
by pressing the RESET button. This will end your session, disconnecting
whatever program (PuTTY, screen, etc) that you used to connect to the board.
For more details, see :doc:`/reference/reset_boot`.
boot mode
---------
@@ -31,9 +29,7 @@ There are 3 boot modes:
* safe boot mode
* factory filesystem boot mode
boot.py and main.py are executed on "normal boot mode". See :ref:`boot_sequence`.
The other modes can be used to recover from :ref:`soft_bricking`:
boot.py and main.py are executed on "normal boot mode".
boot.py and main.py are *NOT* executed on "safe boot mode".
@@ -50,4 +46,16 @@ on the board:
You have created the main.py which executes LED1 blinking in the previous part.
If you change the boot mode to safe boot mode, the MicroPython starts without
the execution of main.py.
the execution of main.py. Then you can remove the main.py by following
command or change the boot mode to factory file system boot mode.::
import os
os.remove('main.py')
or change the boot mode to factory file system boot mode.
You can confirm that the initialized file system that there are only boot.py and main.py files.::
import os
os.listdir()

79
docs/rp2/quickref.rst
View File

@@ -31,81 +31,17 @@ The MicroPython REPL is accessed via the USB serial port. Tab-completion is usef
find out what methods an object has. Paste mode (ctrl-E) is useful to paste a
large slab of Python code into the REPL.
The :mod:`machine` module:
machine.freq() allows to change the MCU frequency and control the peripheral
frequency for UART and SPI. Usage::
machine.freq(MCU_frequency[, peripheral_frequency=48_000_000])
The MCU frequency can be set in a range from less than 48 MHz to about 250MHz.
The default at boot time is 125 MHz. The peripheral frequency must be either
48 MHz or identical to the MCU frequency, with 48 MHz as the default.
If the peripheral frequency is changed, any already existing instance of
UART and SPI will change it's baud rate and may have to be re-configured::
The :mod:`machine` module::
import machine
machine.freq() # get the current frequency of the CPU
machine.freq(240000000) # set the CPU frequency to 240 MHz and keep
# the UART frequency at 48MHz
machine.freq(125000000, 125000000) # set the CPU and UART frequency to 125 MHz
machine.freq(240000000) # set the CPU frequency to 240 MHz
The :mod:`rp2` module::
import rp2
Networking
----------
WLAN
^^^^
.. note::
This section applies only to devices that include WiFi support, such as the `Pico W`_ and `Pico 2 W`_.
The :class:`network.WLAN` class in the :mod:`network` module::
import network
wlan = network.WLAN() # create station interface (the default, see below for an access point interface)
wlan.active(True) # activate the interface
wlan.scan() # scan for access points
wlan.isconnected() # check if the station is connected to an AP
wlan.connect('ssid', 'key') # connect to an AP
wlan.config('mac') # get the interface's MAC address
wlan.ipconfig('addr4') # get the interface's IPv4 addresses
ap = network.WLAN(network.WLAN.IF_AP) # create access-point interface
ap.config(ssid='RP2-AP') # set the SSID of the access point
ap.config(max_clients=10) # set how many clients can connect to the network
ap.active(True) # activate the interface
A useful function for connecting to your local WiFi network is::
def do_connect():
import machine, network
wlan = network.WLAN()
wlan.active(True)
if not wlan.isconnected():
print('connecting to network...')
wlan.connect('ssid', 'key')
while not wlan.isconnected():
machine.idle()
print('network config:', wlan.ipconfig('addr4'))
Once the network is established the :mod:`socket <socket>` module can be used
to create and use TCP/UDP sockets as usual, and the ``requests`` module for
convenient HTTP requests.
After a call to ``wlan.connect()``, the device will by default retry to connect
**forever**, even when the authentication failed or no AP is in range.
``wlan.status()`` will return ``network.STAT_CONNECTING`` in this state until a
connection succeeds or the interface gets disabled.
.. _Pico W: https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/microcontrollers/pico-series.html#picow-technical-specification
.. _Pico 2 W: https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/microcontrollers/pico-series.html#pico2w-technical-specification
Delay and timing
----------------
@@ -251,14 +187,6 @@ Use the :ref:`machine.ADC <machine.ADC>` class::
adc = ADC(Pin(26)) # create ADC object on ADC pin
adc.read_u16() # read value, 0-65535 across voltage range 0.0v - 3.3v
The argument of the constructor ADC specifies either a Pin by number, name of as
Pin object, or a channel number in the range 0 - 3 or ADC.CORE_TEMP for the
internal temperature sensor. If a pin is specified,
the pin is initialized in high-Z mode. If a channel number is used, the pin
is not initialized and configuring is left to the user code. After hard reset,
RP2040 pins operate in current sink mode at about 60µA. If the pin is not
otherwise configured, that may lead to wrong ADC readings.
Software SPI bus
----------------
@@ -361,9 +289,8 @@ See :ref:`machine.RTC <machine.RTC>` ::
from machine import RTC
rtc = RTC()
rtc.datetime((2017, 8, 23, 0, 1, 12, 48, 0)) # set a specific date and
rtc.datetime((2017, 8, 23, 2, 12, 48, 0, 0)) # set a specific date and
# time, eg. 2017/8/23 1:12:48
# the day-of-week value is ignored
rtc.datetime() # get date and time
WDT (Watchdog timer)

1
docs/rp2/tutorial/intro.rst
View File

@@ -8,5 +8,4 @@ Let's get started!
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 1
reset.rst
pio.rst

18
docs/rp2/tutorial/reset.rst
View File

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
Factory reset
=============
If something unexpected happens and your RP2xxx-based board no longer boots
MicroPython, then you may have to factory reset it. For more details, see
:ref:`soft_bricking`.
Factory resetting the MicroPython rp2 port involves fully erasing the flash and
resetting the flash memory, so you will need to re-flash the MicroPython
firmware afterwards and copy any Python files to the filesystem again.
1. Follow the instructions on the Raspberry Pi website for `resetting flash
memory`_.
2. Copy the MicroPython .uf2 firmware file to your board. If needed, this file
can be found on the `MicroPython downloads page`_.
.. _resetting flash memory: https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/microcontrollers/pico-series.html#resetting-flash-memory
.. _MicroPython downloads page: https://micropython.org/download/?port=rp2

320
docs/samd/pinout.rst
View File

@@ -41,11 +41,9 @@ Pin GPIO Pin name IRQ ADC Serial Serial TCC/TC TCC/TC
35 PB03 FLASH_MISO 3 11 - 5/1 6/1 -
54 PB22 FLASH_MOSI 6 - - 5/2 7/0 -
55 PB23 FLASH_SCK 7 - - 5/3 7/1 -
11 PA11 RX 11 19 0/3 2/3 1/1 0/3
10 PA10 TX 10 18 0/2 2/2 1/0 0/2
12 PA12 MISO 12 - 2/0 4/0 2/0 0/6
42 PA12 MOSI 10 - - 4/2 5/0 0/4
43 PA13 SCK 11 - - 4/3 5/1 0/5
42 PB10 MOSI 10 - - 4/2 5/0 0/4
43 PB11 SCK 11 - - 4/3 5/1 0/5
23 PA23 SCL 7 - 3/1 5/1 4/1 0/5
22 PA22 SDA 6 - 3/0 5/0 4/0 0/4
30 PA30 SWCLK 10 - - 1/2 1/0 -
@@ -129,7 +127,7 @@ Examples for Adafruit ItsyBitsy M0 Express:
- SPI 1 at pins D11/D12/D13
- SPI 2 at pins D0/D4/D1
- SPI 3 at pins D11/D12/D13
- SPI 2 at Pin MOSI/MISO/SCK This is the default SPI device at the MOSI/MISO/SCK labelled pins.
- SPI 4 at Pin MOSI/MISO/SCK This is the default SPI device at the MOSI/MISO/SCK labelled pins.
or other combinations.
@@ -171,8 +169,6 @@ Pin GPIO Pin name IRQ ADC ADC Serial Serial TC PWM PWM
22 PA22 D13 6 - - 3/0 5/1 4/0 1/6 0/2
34 PB02 DOTSTAR_CLK 2 14 - - 5/0 6/0 2/2 -
35 PB03 DOTSTAR_DATA 9 15 - - 5/1 6/1 - -
16 PA16 RX 0 - - 1/0 3/1 2/0 1/0 0/4
17 PA17 TX 1 - - 1/1 3/0 2/1 1/1 0/5
55 PB23 MISO 7 - - 1/3 5/3 7/1 - -
0 PA00 MOSI 0 - - - 1/0 2/0 - -
43 PB11 QSPI_CS 12 - - - 4/3 5/1 0/5 1/1
@@ -239,7 +235,7 @@ The I2C devices and signals must be chosen according to the following rules:
- The SDA signal must be at a Pin with pad numbers 0.
- The SCL signal must be at a Pin with pad numbers 1.
Examples for Adafruit ItsyBitsy M4 Express:
Examples for Adafruit ItsyBitsy M0 Express:
- I2C 0 at pins A3/A4
- I2C 1 at pins D0/D1
@@ -257,7 +253,7 @@ The SPI devices and signals must be chosen according to the following rules:
- The following pad number pairs are suitable for MOSI/SCK: 0/1 and 3/1.
- The MISO signal must be at a Pin with a different pad number than MOSI or SCK.
Examples for Adafruit ItsyBitsy M4 Express:
Examples for Adafruit ItsyBitsy M0 Express:
- SPI 1 at Pin MOSI/MISO/SCK This is the default SPI device at the MOSI/MISO/SCK labelled pins.
- SPI 3 at pins D13/D11/D12
@@ -300,8 +296,6 @@ Pin GPIO Pin name IRQ ADC ADC Serial Serial TC PWM PWM
21 PA21 D11 5 - - 5/3 3/3 7/1 1/5 0/1
22 PA22 D12 6 - - 3/0 5/1 4/0 1/6 0/2
23 PA23 D13 7 - - 3/1 5/0 4/1 1/7 0/3
49 PB17 RX 1 - - 5/1 - 6/1 3/1 0/5
48 PB16 TX 0 - - 5/0 - 6/0 3/0 0/4
54 PB22 MISO 22 - - 1/2 5/2 7/0 - -
55 PB23 MOSI 7 - - 1/3 5/3 7/1 - -
35 PB03 NEOPIXEL 9 15 - - 5/1 6/1 - -
@@ -387,8 +381,6 @@ Pin GPIO Pin name IRQ ADC ADC Serial Serial TC PWM PWM
8 PA08 FLASH_MOSI - 8 2 0/0 2/1 0/0 0/0 1/4
42 PB10 FLASH_SCK 10 - - - 4/2 5/0 0/4 1/0
10 PA10 FLASH_WP 10 10 - 0/2 2/2 1/0 0/2 1/6
23 PA23 RX 7 - - 3/1 5/0 4/1 1/7 0/3
22 PA22 TX 6 - - 3/0 5/1 4/0 1/6 0/2
14 PA14 MISO 14 - - 2/2 4/2 3/0 2/0 1/2
12 PA12 MOSI 12 - - 2/0 4/1 2/0 0/6 1/2
54 PB22 NEOPIXEL 22 - - 1/2 5/2 7/0 - -
@@ -437,13 +429,6 @@ Pin GPIO Pin name IRQ ADC Serial Serial TCC/TC TCC/TC
5 PA05 A9_D9 5 5 - 0/1 0/1 -
6 PA06 A10_D10 6 6 - 0/2 1/0 -
18 PA18 RX_LED 2 - 1/2 3/2 3/0 0/2
41 PB09 RX 9 3 - 4/1 4/1 -
40 PB08 TX 8 2 - 4/0 4/0 -
8 PA08 SDA - 16 0/0 2/0 0/0 1/2
9 PA09 SCL 9 17 0/1 2/1 0/1 1/3
6 PA06 MOSI 6 6 - 0/2 1/0 -
5 PA05 MISO 5 5 - 0/1 0/1 -
7 PA07 SCK 7 7 - 0/3 1/1 -
30 PA30 SWCLK 10 - - 1/2 1/0 -
31 PA31 SWDIO 11 - - 1/3 1/1 -
19 PA19 TX_LED 3 - 1/3 3/3 3/1 0/3
@@ -518,8 +503,6 @@ Pin GPIO Pin name IRQ ADC Serial Serial TCC/TC TCC/TC
43 PB11 SCK 11 - - 4/3 5/1 0/5
23 PA23 SCL 7 - 3/1 5/1 4/1 0/5
22 PA22 SDA 6 - 3/0 5/0 4/0 0/4
11 PA11 RX 11 19 0/3 2/3 1/1 0/3
10 PA10 TX 10 18 0/2 2/2 1/0 0/2
30 PA30 SWCLK 10 - - 1/2 1/0 -
31 PA31 SWDIO 11 - - 1/3 1/1 -
24 PA24 USB_DM 12 - 3/2 5/2 5/0 1/2
@@ -535,9 +518,9 @@ Adafruit ItsyBitsy M0 Express :ref:`samd21_pinout_table`.
The default devices at the board are:
- UART 2 at pins PA11/PA10, labelled RX/TX
- UART 5 at pins PB23/PB22, labelled RX/TX
- I2C 3 at pins PA22/PA23, labelled SDA/SCL
- SPI 4 at pins PB10/PA12/PB11, labelled MOSI, MISO and SCK
- SPI 4 at pins PA10/PA12/PA11, labelled MOSI, MISO and SCK
- DAC output on pin PA02, labelled A0
Adafruit Trinket M0 pin assignment table
@@ -553,13 +536,6 @@ Pin GPIO Pin name IRQ ADC Serial Serial TCC/TC TCC/TC
6 PA06 D4 6 6 - 0/2 1/0 -
1 PA01 DOTSTAR_CLK 1 - - 1/1 2/1 -
0 PA00 DOTSTAR_DATA 0 - - 1/0 2/0 -
7 PA07 RX 7 7 - 0/3 1/1 -
6 PA06 TX 6 6 - 0/2 1/0 -
8 PA08 SDA - 16 0/0 2/0 0/0 1/2
9 PA09 SCL 9 17 0/1 2/1 0/1 1/3
6 PA06 MOSI 6 6 - 0/2 1/0 -
9 PA09 MISO 9 17 0/1 2/1 0/1 1/3
7 PA07 SCK 7 7 - 0/3 1/1 -
10 PA10 LED 10 18 0/2 2/2 1/0 0/2
30 PA30 SWCLK 10 - - 1/2 1/0 -
31 PA31 SWDIO 11 - - 1/3 1/1 -
@@ -591,66 +567,6 @@ The default devices at the board are:
- SPI 0 at pins PA06/PA09/PA08, labelled D4, D2 and D0
- DAC output on pin PA02, labelled D1
Adafruit QT PY pin assignment table
-----------------------------------
=== ==== ============ ==== ==== ====== ====== ====== ======
Pin GPIO Pin name IRQ ADC Serial Serial TCC/TC TCC/TC
=== ==== ============ ==== ==== ====== ====== ====== ======
2 PA02 A0 2 0 - - - -
3 PA03 A1 3 1 - - - -
4 PA04 A2 4 4 - 0/0 0/0 -
5 PA05 A3 5 5 - 0/1 0/1 -
7 PA07 RX 7 7 - 0/3 1/1 -
6 PA06 TX 6 6 - 0/2 1/0 -
8 PA08 FLASH_CS - 16 0/0 2/0 0/0 1/2
19 PA19 FLASH_MISO 3 - 1/3 3/3 3/1 0/3
22 PA22 FLASH_MOSI 6 - 3/0 5/0 4/0 0/4
23 PA23 FLASH_SCK 7 - 3/1 5/1 4/1 0/5
9 PA09 MISO 9 17 0/1 2/1 0/1 1/3
10 PA10 MOSI 10 18 0/2 2/2 1/0 0/2
18 PA18 NEOPIX 2 - 1/2 3/2 3/0 0/2
15 PA15 NEO_PWR 15 - 2/3 4/3 3/1 0/5
11 PA11 SCK 11 19 0/3 2/3 1/1 0/3
17 PA17 SCL 1 - 1/1 3/1 2/1 0/7
16 PA16 SDA 0 - 1/0 3/0 2/0 0/6
30 PA30 SWCLK 10 - - 1/2 1/0 -
31 PA31 SWDIO 11 - - 1/3 1/1 -
24 PA24 USB_DM 12 - 3/2 5/2 5/0 1/2
25 PA25 USB_DP 13 - 3/3 5/3 5/1 1/3
=== ==== ============ ==== ==== ====== ====== ====== ======
For the definition of the table columns see the explanation at the table for
Adafruit ItsyBitsy M0 Express :ref:`samd21_pinout_table`.
The default devices at the board are:
- UART 0 at pins PA07/PA06, labelled RX/TX
- I2C 1 at pins PA16/PA17, labelled SDA/SCL
- SPI 0 at pins PA09/PA10/PA11, labelled MISO, MOSI and SCK
- DAC output on pin PA02, labelled A0
Adafruit NeoKey Trinkey pin assignment table
--------------------------------------------
=== ==== ============ ==== ==== ====== ====== ====== ======
Pin GPIO Pin name IRQ ADC Serial Serial TCC/TC TCC/TC
=== ==== ============ ==== ==== ====== ====== ====== ======
15 PA15 NEOPIXEL 15 - 2/3 4/3 3/1 0/5
30 PA30 SWCLK 10 - - 1/2 1/0 -
31 PA31 SWDIO 11 - - 1/3 1/1 -
18 PA18 SWITCH 2 - 1/2 3/2 3/0 0/2
7 PA07 TOUCH 7 7 - 0/3 1/1 -
24 PA24 USB_DM 12 - 3/2 5/2 5/0 1/2
25 PA25 USB_DP 13 - 3/3 5/3 5/1 1/3
=== ==== ============ ==== ==== ====== ====== ====== ======
For the definition of the table columns see the explanation at the table for
Adafruit ItsyBitsy M0 Express :ref:`samd21_pinout_table`.
The board does not provide access to UART, I2C, SPI or DAC.
SAMD21 Xplained PRO pin assignment table
----------------------------------------
@@ -740,10 +656,8 @@ Pin GPIO Pin name IRQ ADC ADC Serial Serial TC PWM PWM
34 PB02 DOTSTAR_CLK 2 14 - - 5/0 6/0 2/2 -
35 PB03 DOTSTAR_DATA 9 15 - - 5/1 6/1 - -
15 PA15 LED 15 - - 2/3 4/3 3/1 2/1 1/3
16 PA16 RX 0 - - 1/0 3/1 2/0 1/0 0/4
17 PA17 TX 1 - - 1/1 3/0 2/1 1/1 0/5
55 PB23 MOSI 7 - - 1/3 5/3 7/1 - -
54 PB22 MISO 22 - - 1/2 5/2 7/0 - -
55 PB23 MISO 7 - - 1/3 5/3 7/1 - -
54 PB22 MOSI 22 - - 1/2 5/2 7/0 - -
43 PB11 QSPI_CS 12 - - - 4/3 5/1 0/5 1/1
8 PA08 QSPI_D0 - 8 2 0/0 2/1 0/0 0/0 1/4
9 PA09 QSPI_D1 9 9 3 0/1 2/0 0/1 0/1 1/5
@@ -919,8 +833,6 @@ Pin GPIO Pin name IRQ ADC ADC Serial Serial TC PWM PWM
11 PA11 FLASH_MISO 11 11 - 0/3 2/3 1/1 0/3 1/7
8 PA08 FLASH_MOSI - 8 2 0/0 2/1 0/0 0/0 1/4
9 PA09 FLASH_SCK 9 9 3 0/1 2/0 0/1 0/1 1/5
13 PA13 RX 13 - - 2/1 4/0 2/1 0/7 1/3
12 PA12 TX 12 - - 2/0 4/1 2/0 0/6 1/2
43 PB11 MISO 12 - - - 4/3 5/1 0/5 1/1
44 PB12 MOSI 12 - - 4/0 - 4/0 3/0 0/0
55 PB23 RXD 7 - - 1/3 5/3 7/1 - -
@@ -959,192 +871,10 @@ Adafruit ItsyBitsy M4 Express :ref:`samd51_pinout_table`.
The default devices at the board are:
- UART 2 at pins PA13/PA12, labelled RXD/TXD
- I2C 3 at pins PA22/PA23, labelled SDA/SCL
- I2C 5 at pins PA22/PA23, labelled SDA/SCL
- SPI 4 at pins PB12/PB11/PB13, labelled MOSI, MISO and SCK
- DAC output on pins PA02 and PA05, labelled A0 and A4
Generic SAMD21x18 pin assignment table
--------------------------------------
=== ==== ============ ==== ==== ====== ====== ====== ======
Pin GPIO Name/Package IRQ ADC Serial Serial TCC/TC TCC/TC
=== ==== ============ ==== ==== ====== ====== ====== ======
0 PA00 EGJ 0 - - 1/0 2/0 -
1 PA01 EGJ 1 - - 1/1 2/1 -
2 PA02 EGJ 2 0 - - - -
3 PA03 EGJ 3 1 - - - -
4 PA04 EGJ 4 4 - 0/0 0/0 -
5 PA05 EGJ 5 5 - 0/1 0/1 -
6 PA06 EGJ 6 6 - 0/2 1/0 -
7 PA07 EGJ 7 7 - 0/3 1/1 -
8 PA08 EGJ - 16 0/0 2/0 0/0 1/2
9 PA09 EGJ 9 17 0/1 2/1 0/1 1/3
10 PA10 EGJ 10 18 0/2 2/2 1/0 0/2
11 PA11 EGJ 11 19 0/3 2/3 1/1 0/3
12 PA12 GJ 12 - 2/0 4/0 2/0 0/6
13 PA13 GJ 13 - 2/1 4/1 2/0 0/7
14 PA14 EGJ 14 - 2/2 4/2 3/0 0/4
15 PA15 EGJ 15 - 2/3 4/3 3/1 0/5
16 PA16 EGJ 0 - 1/0 3/0 2/0 0/6
17 PA17 EGJ 1 - 1/1 3/1 2/1 0/7
18 PA18 EGJ 2 - 1/2 3/2 3/0 0/2
19 PA19 EGJ 3 - 1/3 3/3 3/1 0/3
20 PA20 GJ 4 - 5/2 3/2 7/0 0/4
21 PA21 GJ 5 - 5/3 3/3 7/1 0/7
22 PA22 EGJ 6 - 3/0 5/0 4/0 0/4
23 PA23 EGJ 7 - 3/1 5/1 4/1 0/5
24 PA24 USB_DM 12 - 3/2 5/2 5/0 1/2
25 PA25 USB_DP 13 - 3/3 5/3 5/1 1/3
27 PA27 EGJ 15 - - - - -
28 PA28 EGJ 8 - - - - -
30 PA30 SWCLK 10 - - 1/2 1/0 -
31 PA31 SWDIO 11 - - 1/3 1/1 -
32 PB00 J 0 8 - 5/2 7/0 -
33 PB01 J 1 9 - 5/3 7/1 -
34 PB02 GJ 2 10 - 5/0 6/0 -
35 PB03 GJ 3 11 - 5/1 6/1 -
36 PB04 J 4 12 - - - -
37 PB05 J 5 13 - - - -
38 PB06 J 6 14 - - - -
39 PB07 J 7 15 - - - -
40 PB08 GJ 8 2 - 4/0 4/0 -
41 PB09 GJ 9 3 - 4/1 4/1 -
42 PB10 GJ 10 - - 4/2 5/0 0/4
43 PB11 GJ 11 - - 4/3 5/1 0/5
44 PB12 J 12 - 4/0 - 4/0 0/6
45 PB13 J 13 - 4/1 - 4/1 0/7
46 PB14 J 14 - 4/2 - 5/0 -
47 PB15 J 15 - 4/3 - 5/1 -
48 PB16 J 0 - 5/0 - 6/0 0/4
49 PB17 J 1 - 5/1 - 6/1 0/5
54 PB22 GJ 6 - - 5/2 7/0 -
55 PB23 GJ 7 - - 5/3 7/1 -
62 PB30 J 14 - - 5/0 0/0 1/2
63 PB31 J 15 - - 5/1 0/1 1/3
=== ==== ============ ==== ==== ====== ====== ====== ======
For the definition of the table columns see the explanation at the table for
Adafruit ItsyBitsy M0 Express :ref:`samd21_pinout_table`.
The Package column indicates the package letter providing this pin. An entry
EGJ tells for instance, that the pin is available for SAMD21E18, SAMD21G18 and
SAMD21J18.
Generic SAMD51x19 and SAM51x20 pin assignment table
---------------------------------------------------
For the definition of the table columns see the explanation at the table for
Adafruit ItsyBitsy M4 Express :ref:`samd51_pinout_table`.
=== ==== ============ ==== ==== ==== ====== ====== ===== ===== =====
Pin GPIO Name/Package IRQ ADC ADC Serial Serial TC PWM PWM
=== ==== ============ ==== ==== ==== ====== ====== ===== ===== =====
8 PA08 QSPI_D0 - 8 2 0/0 2/1 0/0 0/0 1/4
9 PA09 QSPI_D1 9 9 3 0/1 2/0 0/1 0/1 1/5
10 PA10 QSPI_D2 10 10 - 0/2 2/2 1/0 0/2 1/6
11 PA11 QSPI_D3 11 11 - 0/3 2/3 1/1 0/3 1/7
42 PB10 QSPI_SCK 10 - - - 4/2 5/0 0/4 1/0
23 PA23 USB_SOF 7 - - 3/1 5/0 4/1 1/7 0/3
24 PA24 USB_DM 8 - - 3/2 5/2 5/0 2/2 -
25 PA25 USB_DP 9 - - 3/3 5/3 5/1 - -
0 PA00 GJP 0 - - - 1/0 2/0 - -
1 PA01 GJP 1 - - - 1/1 2/1 - -
2 PA02 GJP 2 0 - - - - - -
3 PA03 GJP 3 10 - - - - - -
4 PA04 GJP 4 4 - - 0/0 0/0 - -
5 PA05 GJP 5 5 - - 0/1 0/1 - -
6 PA06 GJP 6 6 - - 0/2 1/0 - -
7 PA07 GJP 7 7 - - 0/3 1/1 - -
12 PA12 GJP 12 - - 2/0 4/1 2/0 0/6 1/2
13 PA13 GJP 13 - - 2/1 4/0 2/1 0/7 1/3
14 PA14 GJP 14 - - 2/2 4/2 3/0 2/0 1/2
15 PA15 GJP 15 - - 2/3 4/3 3/1 2/1 1/3
16 PA16 GJP 0 - - 1/0 3/1 2/0 1/0 0/4
17 PA17 GJP 1 - - 1/1 3/0 2/1 1/1 0/5
18 PA18 GJP 2 - - 1/2 3/2 3/0 1/2 0/6
19 PA19 GJP 3 - - 1/3 3/3 3/1 1/3 0/7
20 PA20 GJP 4 - - 5/2 3/2 7/0 1/4 0/0
21 PA21 GJP 5 - - 5/3 3/3 7/1 1/5 0/1
22 PA22 GJP 6 - - 3/0 5/1 4/0 1/6 0/2
27 PA27 GJP 11 - - - - - - -
30 PA30 SWCLK 14 - - 7/2 1/2 6/0 2/0 -
31 PA31 SWDIO 15 - - 7/3 1/3 6/1 2/1 -
32 PB00 JP 0 12 - - 5/2 7/0 - -
33 PB01 JP 1 13 - - 5/3 7/1 - -
34 PB02 GJP 2 14 - - 5/0 6/0 2/2 -
35 PB03 GJP 3 15 - - 5/1 6/1 - -
36 PB04 JP 4 - 6 - - - - -
37 PB05 JP 5 - 7 - - - - -
38 PB06 JP 6 - 8 - - - - -
39 PB07 JP 7 - 9 - - - - -
40 PB08 GJP 8 2 0 - 4/0 4/0 - -
41 PB09 GJP 9 3 1 - 4/1 4/1 - -
44 PB12 JP 12 - - 4/0 - 4/0 3/0 0/0
45 PB13 JP 13 - - 4/1 - 4/1 3/1 0/1
46 PB14 JP 14 - - 4/2 - 5/0 4/0 0/2
47 PB15 JP 15 - - 4/3 - 5/1 4/1 0/3
48 PB16 JP 0 - - 5/0 - 6/0 3/0 0/4
49 PB17 JP 1 - - 5/1 - 6/1 3/1 0/5
50 PB18 P 2 - - 5/2 7/2 - 1/0 -
51 PB19 P 3 - - 5/3 7/3 - 1/1 -
52 PB20 P 4 - - 3/0 7/1 - 1/2 -
53 PB21 P 5 - - 3/1 7/0 - 1/3 -
54 PB22 GJP 6 - - 1/2 5/2 7/0 - -
55 PB23 GJP 7 - - 1/3 5/3 7/1 - -
56 PB24 P 8 - - 0/0 2/1 - - -
57 PB25 P 9 - - 0/1 2/0 - - -
58 PB26 P 12 - - 2/0 4/1 - 1/2 -
59 PB27 P 13 - - 2/1 4/0 - 1/3 -
60 PB28 P 14 - - 2/2 4/2 - 1/4 -
61 PB29 P 15 - - 2/3 4/3 - 1/5 -
62 PB30 JP 14 - - 7/0 5/1 0/0 4/0 0/6
63 PB31 JP 15 - - 7/1 5/0 0/1 4/1 0/7
64 PC00 P 0 - 10 - - - - -
65 PC01 P 1 - 11 - - - - -
66 PC02 P 2 - 4 - - - - -
67 PC03 P 3 - 5 - - - - -
68 PC04 P 4 - - 6/0 - - 0/0 -
69 PC05 P 5 - - 6/1 - - - -
70 PC06 P 6 - - 6/2 - - - -
71 PC07 P 9 - - 6/3 - - - -
74 PC10 P 10 - - 6/2 7/2 - 0/0 1/4
75 PC11 P 11 - - 6/3 7/3 - 0/1 1/5
76 PC12 P 12 - - 7/0 6/1 - 0/2 1/6
77 PC13 P 13 - - 7/1 6/0 - 0/3 1/7
78 PC14 P 14 - - 7/2 6/2 - 0/4 1/0
79 PC15 P 15 - - 7/3 6/3 - 0/5 1/1
80 PC16 P 0 - - 6/0 0/1 - 0/0 -
81 PC17 P 1 - - 6/1 0/0 - 0/1 -
82 PC18 P 2 - - 6/2 0/2 - 0/2 -
83 PC19 P 3 - - 6/3 0/3 - 0/3 -
84 PC20 P 4 - - - - - 0/4 -
85 PC21 P 5 - - - - - 0/5 -
86 PC22 P 6 - - 1/0 3/1 - 0/5 -
87 PC23 P 7 - - 1/1 3/0 - 0/7 -
88 PC24 P 8 - - 0/2 2/2 - - -
89 PC25 P 9 - - 0/3 2/3 - - -
90 PC26 P 10 - - - - - - -
91 PC27 P 11 - - 1/0 - - - -
92 PC28 P 12 - - 1/1 - - - -
94 PC30 P 14 - 12 - - - - -
95 PC31 P 15 - 13 - - - - -
96 PD00 P 0 - 14 - - - - -
97 PD01 P 1 - 15 - - - - -
104 PD08 P 3 - - 7/0 6/1 - 0/1 -
105 PD09 P 4 - - 7/1 6/0 - 0/2 -
106 PD10 P 5 - - 7/2 6/2 - 0/3 -
107 PD11 P 6 - - 7/3 6/3 - 0/4 -
108 PD12 P 7 - - - - - 0/5 -
116 PD20 P 10 - - 1/2 3/2 - 1/0 -
117 PD21 P 11 - - 1/3 3/3 - 1/1 -
=== ==== ============ ==== ==== ==== ====== ====== ===== ===== =====
The Package column indicates the package letter providing this pin. An entry
GJP tells for instance, that the pin is available for SAMD51G19, SAMD51J19/-J20 and
SAMD51P19/-P20.
Scripts for creating the pin assignment tables
----------------------------------------------
@@ -1191,22 +921,22 @@ The tables shown above were created with small a Python script running on the ta
else:
return "zzzzzzz%03d" % i[0]
def pinnum(p):
return (ord(p[1]) - ord("A")) * 32 + int(p[2:])
def table(num = 127, sort=True):
def table(num=127, sort=True):
pintbl = []
pinlist = []
for name in Pin.board.__dict__.keys():
p = Pin(name)
pi = pininfo(p)
pintbl.append((pinnum(pi[0]), name, pi))
pinlist.append(p)
for pc in Pin.cpu.__dict__.keys():
p = Pin(pc)
pi = pininfo(p)
if not p in pinlist:
pintbl.append((pinnum(pi[0]), "", pi))
inv_bd = {v: k for k, v in Pin.board.__dict__.items()}
for i in range(num):
try:
p = Pin(i)
pi = pininfo(p)
if p in inv_bd.keys():
name = inv_bd[p]
else:
name = ""
pintbl.append((i, name, pininfo(i)))
except:
pass
# print("not defined")
if sort:
pintbl.sort(key=tblkey)
for item in pintbl:

35
docs/samd/quickref.rst
View File

@@ -65,8 +65,6 @@ Use the :mod:`time <time>` module::
start = time.ticks_ms() # get millisecond counter
delta = time.ticks_diff(time.ticks_ms(), start) # compute time difference
Note that :func:`time.sleep_us()` delays by busy waiting. During that time, other tasks are
not scheduled.
Clock and time
--------------
@@ -163,15 +161,10 @@ See :ref:`machine.UART <machine.UART>`. ::
uart3.write('hello') # write 5 bytes
uart3.read(5) # read up to 5 bytes
uart = UART() # Use the default values for id, rx and tx.
uart = UART(baudrate=9600) # Use the default UART and set the baudrate
The SAMD21/SAMD51 MCUs have up to eight hardware so called SERCOM devices, which can be used as UART,
SPI or I2C device, but not every MCU variant and board exposes all
TX and RX pins for users. For the assignment of Pins to devices and UART signals,
refer to the :ref:`SAMD pinout <samd_pinout>`. If the id, rx or tx pins are not specified,
the default values are used. The first positional argument (if given) is assumed to be the UART id.
If the baudrate is changed and the UART id is omitted, it must be set using the baudrate keyword.
refer to the :ref:`SAMD pinout <samd_pinout>`.
PWM (pulse width modulation)
----------------------------
@@ -220,7 +213,7 @@ PWM Constructor
- *freq* should be an integer which sets the frequency in Hz for the
PWM cycle. The valid frequency range is 1 Hz to 24 MHz.
- *duty_u16* sets the duty cycle as a ratio ``duty_u16 / 65535``.
- *duty_u16* sets the duty cycle as a ratio ``duty_u16 / 65536``.
- *duty_ns* sets the pulse width in nanoseconds. The limitation for X channels
apply as well.
- *invert*\=True|False. Setting a bit inverts the respective output.
@@ -251,7 +244,7 @@ Use the :ref:`machine.ADC <machine.ADC>` class::
from machine import ADC
adc0 = ADC(Pin('A0')) # create ADC object on ADC pin, average=16
adc0.read_u16() # read value, 0-65535 across voltage range 0.0v - 3.3v
adc0.read_u16() # read value, 0-65536 across voltage range 0.0v - 3.3v
adc1 = ADC(Pin('A1'), average=1) # create ADC object on ADC pin, average=1
The resolution of the ADC is 12 bit with 12 bit accuracy, irrespective of the
@@ -378,18 +371,8 @@ signal pins for users. Hardware SPI is accessed via the
spi = SPI(1, sck=Pin("SCK"), mosi=Pin("MOSI"), miso=Pin("MISO"), baudrate=10000000)
spi.write('Hello World')
For the assignment of Pins to SPI devices and signals, refer to
:ref:`SAMD pinout <samd_pinout>`. If the id, miso, mosi or sck pins are not specified,
the default values are used. So it is possible to create the SPI object as::
from machine import SPI
spi = SPI() # Use the default device and default baudrate
spi = SPI(baudrate=12_000_000) # Use the default device and change the baudrate
If the MISO signal shall be omitted, it must be defined as miso=None.
The first positional argument (if given) is assumed to be the SPI id.
If the baudrate is changed while the SPI id is omitted, it must be
set using the baudrate keyword.
If miso is not specified, it is not used. For the assignment of Pins to SPI devices and signals, refer to
:ref:`SAMD pinout <samd_pinout>`.
Note: Even if the highest reliable baud rate at the moment is about 24 Mhz,
setting a baud rate will not always result in exactly that frequency, especially
@@ -422,7 +405,6 @@ The SAMD21/SAMD51 MCUs have up to eight hardware so called SERCOM devices,
which can be used as UART, SPI or I2C device, but not every MCU variant
and board exposes all signal pins for users.
For the assignment of Pins to devices and I2C signals, refer to :ref:`SAMD pinout <samd_pinout>`.
If the id, scl or sda pins are not specified, the default values are used.
Hardware I2C is accessed via the :ref:`machine.I2C <machine.I2C>` class and
has the same methods as software SPI above::
@@ -432,13 +414,6 @@ has the same methods as software SPI above::
i2c = I2C(2, scl=Pin("SCL"), sda=Pin("SDA"), freq=400_000)
i2c.writeto(0x76, b"Hello World")
i2c2 = I2C() # Use the default values for id, scl and sda.
i2c2 = I2C(freq=100_000) # Use the default device and set freq.
The first positional argument (if given) is assumed to be the I2C id.
If the freq is changed and the I2C id is omitted, it must be set using
the freq keyword.
OneWire driver
--------------

6
docs/wipy/quickref.rst
View File

@@ -184,18 +184,18 @@ WLAN (WiFi)
See :ref:`network.WLAN <network.WLAN>` and :mod:`machine`. ::
import machine, network
import machine
from network import WLAN
# configure the WLAN subsystem in station mode (the default is AP)
wlan = WLAN(mode=WLAN.STA)
# go for fixed IP settings
network.ipconfig(dns='8.8.8.8')
wlan.ipconfig(addr4='192.168.0.107/24', gw4='192.168.0.1')
wlan.ifconfig(config=('192.168.0.107', '255.255.255.0', '192.168.0.1', '8.8.8.8'))
wlan.scan() # scan for available networks
wlan.connect(ssid='mynetwork', auth=(WLAN.WPA2, 'mynetworkkey'))
while not wlan.isconnected():
pass
print(wlan.ifconfig())
# enable wake on WLAN
wlan.irq(trigger=WLAN.ANY_EVENT, wake=machine.SLEEP)
# go to sleep

2
docs/wipy/tutorial/reset.rst
View File

@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@ There are soft resets and hard resets.
import machine
machine.reset()
For more information, see :doc:`/reference/reset_boot`.
Safe boot
---------

5
docs/wipy/tutorial/wlan.rst
View File

@@ -50,15 +50,14 @@ Assigning a static IP address when booting
If you want your WiPy to connect to your home router after boot-up, and with a fixed
IP address so that you can access it via telnet or FTP, use the following script as /flash/boot.py::
import machine, network
import machine
from network import WLAN
wlan = WLAN() # get current object, without changing the mode
if machine.reset_cause() != machine.SOFT_RESET:
wlan.init(WLAN.STA)
# configuration below MUST match your home router settings!!
network.ipconfig(dns='8.8.8.8')
wlan.ipconfig(addr4='192.168.0.107/24', gw4='192.168.0.1')
wlan.ifconfig(config=('192.168.178.107', '255.255.255.0', '192.168.178.1', '8.8.8.8'))
if not wlan.isconnected():
# change the line below to match your network ssid, security and password

20
docs/zephyr/quickref.rst
View File

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Use the :ref:`machine.Pin <machine.Pin>` class::
from machine import Pin
pin = Pin(("gpiob", 21), Pin.IN) # create input pin on GPIO port B
pin = Pin(("GPIO_1", 21), Pin.IN) # create input pin on GPIO1
print(pin) # print pin port and number
pin.init(Pin.OUT, Pin.PULL_UP, value=1) # reinitialize pin
@@ -47,14 +47,14 @@ Use the :ref:`machine.Pin <machine.Pin>` class::
pin.on() # set pin to high
pin.off() # set pin to low
pin = Pin(("gpiob", 21), Pin.IN) # create input pin on GPIO port B
pin = Pin(("GPIO_1", 21), Pin.IN) # create input pin on GPIO1
pin = Pin(("gpiob", 21), Pin.OUT, value=1) # set pin high on creation
pin = Pin(("GPIO_1", 21), Pin.OUT, value=1) # set pin high on creation
pin = Pin(("gpiob", 21), Pin.IN, Pin.PULL_UP) # enable internal pull-up resistor
pin = Pin(("GPIO_1", 21), Pin.IN, Pin.PULL_UP) # enable internal pull-up resistor
switch = Pin(("gpioc", 6), Pin.IN) # create input pin for a switch
switch.irq(lambda t: print("SW2 changed")) # enable an interrupt when switch state is changed
switch = Pin(("GPIO_2", 6), Pin.IN) # create input pin for a switch
switch.irq(lambda t: print("SW2 changed")) # enable an interrupt when switch state is changed
Hardware I2C bus
----------------
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ Hardware I2C is accessed via the :ref:`machine.I2C <machine.I2C>` class::
from machine import I2C
i2c = I2C("i2c0") # construct an i2c bus
i2c = I2C("I2C_0") # construct an i2c bus
print(i2c) # print device name
i2c.scan() # scan the device for available I2C slaves
@@ -84,11 +84,11 @@ Hardware SPI is accessed via the :ref:`machine.SPI <machine.SPI>` class::
from machine import SPI
spi = SPI("spi0") # construct a spi bus with default configuration
spi = SPI("SPI_0") # construct a spi bus with default configuration
spi.init(baudrate=100000, polarity=0, phase=0, bits=8, firstbit=SPI.MSB) # set configuration
# equivalently, construct spi bus and set configuration at the same time
spi = SPI("spi0", baudrate=100000, polarity=0, phase=0, bits=8, firstbit=SPI.MSB)
spi = SPI("SPI_0", baudrate=100000, polarity=0, phase=0, bits=8, firstbit=SPI.MSB)
print(spi) # print device name and bus configuration
spi.read(4) # read 4 bytes on MISO
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ Use the :ref:`zsensor.Sensor <zsensor.Sensor>` class to access sensor data::
import zsensor
from zsensor import Sensor
accel = Sensor("fxos8700") # create sensor object for the accelerometer
accel = Sensor("FXOX8700") # create sensor object for the accelerometer
accel.measure() # obtain a measurement reading from the accelerometer

4
docs/zephyr/tutorial/repl.rst
View File

@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ With your serial program open (PuTTY, screen, picocom, etc) you may see a
blank screen with a flashing cursor. Press Enter (or reset the board) and
you should be presented with the following text::
*** Booting Zephyr OS build v3.7.0 ***
MicroPython v1.24.0-preview.179.g5b85b24bd on 2024-08-05; zephyr-frdm_k64f with mk64f12
*** Booting Zephyr OS build zephyr-v3.1.0 ***
MicroPython v1.19.1-9-g4fd54a475 on 2022-06-17; zephyr-frdm_k64f with mk64f12
Type "help()" for more information.
>>>

5
drivers/bus/qspi.h
View File

@@ -37,15 +37,14 @@ enum {
MP_QSPI_IOCTL_DEINIT,
MP_QSPI_IOCTL_BUS_ACQUIRE,
MP_QSPI_IOCTL_BUS_RELEASE,
MP_QSPI_IOCTL_MEMORY_MODIFIED,
};
typedef struct _mp_qspi_proto_t {
int (*ioctl)(void *self, uint32_t cmd, uintptr_t arg);
int (*ioctl)(void *self, uint32_t cmd);
int (*write_cmd_data)(void *self, uint8_t cmd, size_t len, uint32_t data);
int (*write_cmd_addr_data)(void *self, uint8_t cmd, uint32_t addr, size_t len, const uint8_t *src);
int (*read_cmd)(void *self, uint8_t cmd, size_t len, uint32_t *dest);
int (*read_cmd_qaddr_qdata)(void *self, uint8_t cmd, uint32_t addr, uint8_t num_dummy, size_t len, uint8_t *dest);
int (*read_cmd_qaddr_qdata)(void *self, uint8_t cmd, uint32_t addr, size_t len, uint8_t *dest);
} mp_qspi_proto_t;
typedef struct _mp_soft_qspi_obj_t {

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